1,678 Matching Annotations
  1. Sep 2023
    1. Die Meeresoberfläche ist im globalen Durchschnitt 0,5 Grad wärmer als zwischen. 1991 und 2000. Die zusätlich Erhitzung hat im April begonnen und ist unabhängig von jahreszeitlichen Schwankungen. Interview mit der italienischen Ozeanografin Sabrina Speich, in Paris forscht und unterrichtet und gerade beim Festival della Mente einen Vortrag über Ozeanografie und Klimaveränderungen gehalten hat.

      https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/2023/09/18/news/sabrina_speich_oceani_riscaldamento_globale_aumento_temperature-414361749/

      Vortrag von Sabrina Speich: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=-pHe7v_1v1I

    1. Europa droht in eine Abhängigkeit von China zu geraten, das im Augenblick bei Produkten und Rohstoffen, die für erneuerbare Energien gebraucht werden, mit großem Abstand der wichtigste Lieferant ist. Wie Reuters berichtet, hat die spanische EU-Präsidentschaft dazu ein Dokument vorbereitet, das bei der nächsten Sitzung des europäischen Rates diskutiert werden soll. https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2023/09/18/news/europa_dipendenza_batterie_cinesi-414906186/?ref=RHLF-BG-I414871700-P5-S2-T1

    1. Social tipping points and physical tipping points are interrelated. With environmental stress, the former could arrive before the latter, and then cascades develop. Hamburg Climate Futures Outlook 2023: https://www.cliccs.uni-hamburg.de/results/hamburg-climate-futures-outlook.html
      • for: TPF
      • comment
        • Hamburg climate futures outlook 2023 report supports need for something on the scale of the planned TPF
    1. Carlo Buontempo, Leiter des europäischen klimawandelservice Kopernikus, blickt in diesem Interview auf den Sommer 2023 zurück und sieht ihn als Etappe auf einer nicht mehr aufhaltbaren Entwicklung zu einem Europa, i ndem es immer wieder Dürren und kaum mehr Schnee gibt, und dass ich vor viel mehr Überschwemmungen schützen muss, weil die 1,5 Grad Grenze in jedem Fall in den nächsten 10 Jahren überschritten werden wird. Erreicht werden könne und müsse bis zum Ende des Jahrhunderts eine Rückkehr zu Temperaturen wie in diesem Jahr, dass den Menschen dann als kühl erscheinen werden.

      https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/2023/09/08/news/clima_el_nino_estate_2023_record_europa-413610902/

    1. We have a new online ordering system for Just Right Lunch which you will find very simple and user friendly. The website is https://justrightlunch.com/. Simply click on the blue button “Place Order Here”. This will take you to the order page. After ordering, you will receive an order confirmation listing the lunch items you wish to purchase.

      If you have already placed orders for upcoming dates on the old system, there is no need to enter your orders on the new site. They will all be brought into the new system automatically. This new order system is for your future orders.

      We are also now offering a larger size lunch option.

      Just some reminders: <br /> - Advance ordering: Orders must be placed by 9:30 pm on our website, the day before lunch. There are no same day meal orders taken. <br /> - Emergency Lunches: If your student requires a same day emergency lunch, we will gladly serve them. Please contact the office that morning. This lunch will be charged to you at $7.25.

      You can pay by Zelle using the information Bridget Khraich 626-664-5294 or by dropping off a check at the school office. Please make the check payable to Just Right Lunch.

      For any IT, lunch confirmation or billing questions, please contact kathy.justrightlunch@gmail.com For any other concerns, please contact Bridget, her email address is justrightlunch@gmail.com

      We are enjoying getting to know your children.

      Thank you, Bridget Khraich

    1. https://libcal.library.upenn.edu/event/11148297

      9th-century copy of Boethius's Latin translation of Aristotle's De interpretatione, referred to in the manuscript as Periermenias, with the shorter of two commentaries that Boethius wrote on that work. Replacement leaves added in the 11th century to the beginning (f. 1-4) and end (f. 45-64) of the manuscript, in addition to providing the beginning and end of the Boethius (which is probably lacking 2 gatherings between extant gatherings 6 and 7), include the Periermeniae attributed to Apuleius in the medieval period, a poem by Decimus Magnus Ausonius on the seven days of Creation, a sample letter of a monk to an abbot with interlinear and marginal glosses, and other miscellaneous verses, definitions, and excerpts. Dot Porter, University of Pennsylvania, has determined that two groups of leaves are misbound; leaves 5-12 (the original order appears to have been 5, 9, 10, 6, 7, 11, 12, 8) and leaves 53-64 (the original order of the leaves appears to have been 61, 62, 53-60, 63, 64).

    1. Gould, Jessica. “Teachers College, Columbia U. Dissolves Program behind Literacy Curriculum Used in NYC Public Schools.” Gothamist, September 8, 2023. https://gothamist.com/news/columbia-university-dissolves-program-behind-literacy-curriculum-used-in-nyc-public-schools.

      The Teachers College of Columbia University has shut down the Lucy Calkins Units of Study literacy program.

      Missing from the story is more emphasis on not only the social costs, which they touch on, but the tremendous financial (sunk) cost to the system by not only adopting it but enriching Calkins and the institution (in a position of trust) which benefitted from having sold it.

      link to: https://hypothes.is/a/eicbpgSKEe6vc0fPdIm05w

    1. R.U.R.: Rossum’s Universal Robots, drama in three acts by Karel Čapek, published in 1920 and performed in 1921. This cautionary play, for which Čapek invented the word robot (derived from the Czech word for forced labour), involves a scientist named Rossum who discovers the secret of creating humanlike machines. He establishes a factory to produce and distribute these mechanisms worldwide. Another scientist decides to make the robots more human, which he does by gradually adding such traits as the capacity to feel pain. Years later, the robots, who were created to serve humans, have come to dominate them completely.

      https://www.britannica.com/topic/RUR

    1. What interests me most is bringing the humanities into the discussion of this most human enterprise, which has for too long been dominated (as print was in its first half-century) by the technologists.

      Jeff Jarvis specifically points out the shift in technology which is now injecting more humanity into the process.

    1. Die Durchschnittstemperatur im Sommer lag in Deutschland bei 18,6 Grad Celsius. Das ist 2,3 Grad wärmer als zwischen 1961 und 1990 und immer noch ein Grad wärmer als durchschnittlich zwischen 1991 und 2020. Die hohen Regenmengen reichen nicht aus, die Wasserdefizite der vergangenen trockenen Jahre auszugleichen. Der Deutsche Wetterdienst gab die Zahlen bekannt. https://taz.de/Deutscher-Wetterdienst-zieht-Bilanz/!5953407/

  2. Aug 2023
    1. Purple is a small suite of quickly hacked tools inspired by Doug Engelbart's attempt to bootstrap the addressing features of his Augment system onto HTML pages. Its purpose is simple: produce HTML documents that can be addressed at the paragraph level. It does this by automatically creating name anchors with static and hierarchical addresses at the beginning of each text node, and by displaying these addresses as links at the end of each text node.    1A  (02)

      Purple is a suite of tools from 2001 that allow one to create numbered addresses/anchors at the paragraph level of a digital document.


      Link: Dave Winer's site still has support for purple numbers.

    1. Die deutsche Bundesregierung hat den Entwurf für den Wirtschaftsplan des Klima- und Transformationsfonds beschlossen. Der CO<sub>2</sub> Preis wird 2024 auf 40 und 2025 auf 50 € pro Tonne erhöht. Die Mittel – bis 2027 sollen insgesamt 211,8 Mrd. Euro zur Verfügung stehen – werden u.a. in die Verbesserung der Bahninfrastruktur investiert. Von dem zum Regierungsprogramm gehörenden Klimageld ist nicht die Rede. https://taz.de/Klimafonds-der-Bundesregierung/!5949473/u

    1. Bei der Konferenz der Amazonas-Staaten haben sich vor allem Venezuela und Bolivien gegen die Absicht der brasilianischen Regierung und die Forderung der indigenen Völker gewandt, die Entwaldung bis 2030 zu beenden. Der französische Präsident Macron hat trotz Einladung nicht an dem Gipfel teilgenommen. Eduardo Viola, den die Libération gefragt hat, sieht das Ansteigen der Militärausgaben des Westens als einen Grund dafür, dass ausreichende Mittel für die Dekarbonisierung weiter nicht zur Verfügung gestellt werden.

      https://www.liberation.fr/international/amerique/sommet-de-belem-un-bilan-final-qui-expose-les-divergences-des-pays-de-lamazonie-20230810_SMTITXA655B7JFVX44BSZGVG6Q/

    1. Eine Schlammlawine hat in der nordwestchinesischen Stadt Xi'an 21 Menschen getötet. Sie geht auf Regenfälle in der Folge des Taifuns und späteren tropischen Sturms Khanun zurück, der auch in anderen Teilen Chinas zu schweren Überschwemmungen führte. Vor Khanun hatten der Taifun Doksuri und Regengebiete in Verbindung mit den HItzewellen des Sommers Überflutungen verursacht. https://www.theguardian.com/weather/2023/aug/13/death-toll-from-mudslide-in-xian-region-of-china-rises

    1. Auf Hawaii haben Feuer viele Häuser zerstört und sechs Menschenleben gefordert. Sie sind an verschiedenen Stellen der Insel Maui ausgebrochen und übertrafen nach dem Eindruck der Betroffenen alles bisher bekannte. Eine lang anhaltende Trockenheit hat das Ausbrechen der Feuer erleichtert, Stürme in der Folge des Orkans Dora haben sie verbreitet. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/aug/09/hawaii-fires-maui-hurricane

    1. Daten des europäischen Copernicus-Dienstes bestätigen, dass der Juli 2023 der wärmste Monat der Aufzeichnungsgeschichte war. Die globale Durchschnittstemperatur lag mit 16,95° um 0,33° höher als im letzten Rekordmonat 2019. Es war 1,5° heisser als im Durchschnitt 1850-1900 und 0,72° wärmer als durchschnittlich zwischen 1991 und 2000. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/08/july-2023-worlds-hottest-month-climate-crisis-scientists-confirm

    1. Der Earth Overshoot Day 2023 wurde in diesem Jahr fünf Tage später als im Vorjahr erreicht, was aber größtenteils auf eine veränderte Berechnungsmethode zurückzuführen ist. Insgesamt verbraucht die Menschheit nach dem Berechnungen des Global FootprintNnetwork 1,75 mal so viel regenerierbare Ressourcen als pro Jahr zur Verfügung stehen. https://taz.de/Erdueberlastungstag/!5951934/

  3. Jul 2023
    1. Die Rekord Waldbrände in Kanada wo schon einen Monat vor dem Ende der brandsaison eine Fläche von der Größe des US-Bundesstaats Kentucky abgebrannt ist entsprechend den Erkenntnissen der klimawissenschaft über den Zusammenhang von Waldbränden und globaler Erhitzung auch wenn noch keine attributionsstudien vorliegen. Ausführlicher Bericht denn New York Times mit infografiken. Kanada hat sich doppelt so schnell erwärmt wieder weltdurchschnitt, unter anderem durch den Verlust an Schnee und Meeeis.https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/07/18/climate/canada-record-wildfires.html

    1. Reportage der taz zu den Hitzewellen in China im Juni und Juli. China ist von der globalen Erhitzung besonders betroffen. Eine Studie ergibt, dass sich die Temperatur seit 1900 alle zehn Jahre um 0,16° erhöht hat. Zu den wirtschaftlichen Folgen gehören Ernte Einbrüche und strommangel wegen der Überlastung der Netze in den Hitzeperioden.

      https://taz.de/Andauernde-Hitze-in-China/!5947385/

      Studie der Staatlichen Wetterbehörde zu dem Klimaveränderungen in China:

    1. Die Weltwetterorganisation WMO hat festgestellt, dass mit 90% Wahrscheinlichkeit die zweite Jahreshälfte von einem El Niño-Phänomen geprägt sein wird. Die WMO ruft die Regierungen auf, sich auf hohe Temperaturen und Extremwetter-Ereignisse einzustellen..Der Standardartikel geht auf weitere Berichte der WMO, in diesem Jahr beobachtete Temperatur-Anomalien und auf das El Nino Phänomen selbst ein.

      https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000177455/el-nino-ist-da--und-duerfte-fuer-neue-temperaturrekorde-sorgenren-hohe-temperaturen-werden-erwartet

  4. Jun 2023
    1. Ausführliche Erklärung des El Nino Phänomens mit einer instruktiven Animation. In diesem und im kommenden Jahr könnte dieses Phänomen in Verbindung mit den Temperaturerhöhungen durch die Treibhausgase zu globalen Temperaturrekorden führen. Mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit wird es Extremwetterereignisse verstärken.

      https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jun/24/el-nino-how-the-weather-event-is-affecting-global-heating-in-2023

    1. Melissa Rivers also announced today the launch of a special edition 4-disc CD box set collection titled “Joan Rivers – The Diva Rides Again” that will feature five hours of never-before-released recordings of Joan’s comedy, including six decades worth of hilarious material and a special 16-page collector’s book of liner notes with never-before-seen photos. The box set is currently available for preorder on Amazon, Target.com and Walmart.com and will be released on August 18, 2023 on streaming platforms such as iTunes and Spotify. The set is produced and distributed by Comedy Dynamics in partnership with the Joan Rivers estate.
    1. "Expect surprises!" Weiter steigende Emissionen und das sich aufbauende El niño-Phänomen bereiten die "thermodynamische Bühne" für eine mehrjährige Hitzeperiode und Serien von Extremwetterereignissen vor. Die New York Times stellt die Temperaturrekorde des Juni (von der Antarktis und Südasien bis Sibirien und Kanada) in einem Interactive dar. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/06/13/climate/global-warming-heat-june.html

  5. learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com learn-us-east-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.content.blackboardcdn.com
    1. The problem with that presumption is that people are alltoo willing to lower standards in order to make the purported newcomer appear smart. Justas people are willing to bend over backwards and make themselves stupid in order tomake an AI interface appear smart

      AI has recently become such a big thing in our lives today. For a while I was seeing chatgpt and snapchat AI all over the media. I feel like people ask these sites stupid questions that they already know the answer too because they don't want to take a few minutes to think about the answer. I found a website stating how many people use AI and not surprisingly, it shows that 27% of Americans say they use it several times a day. I can't imagine how many people use it per year.

    1. Interview mit dem Protestforscher Simon Teune über die staatlichen Reaktionen auf die Letzte Generation in Deutschland. Teune sieht ein großes Risiko dafür, dass viele in der Klimabewegung das Vertrauen in die demokratischen Institutionen verlieren. Er stellt fest, dass es kein Rezept für den politischen Erfolg einer sozialen Bewegung gibt.

      https://taz.de/Bewegungsforscher-ueber-Letzte-Generation/!5935523/

    1. Technology is valuable and empowering, but at what end direct cost? Consumers don't have available data for the actual costs of the options they're choosing in many contexts.

      What if that reprocessing costs the equivalent of three glasses of waters? Is it worth it for our environment, especially when the direct costs to the "consumer" are hidden into advertising models.

      (via Brenna)

  6. google-research.github.io google-research.github.io
    1. SoundStorm

      We present SoundStorm, a model for efficient, non-autoregressive audio generation. SoundStorm receives as input the semantic tokens of AudioLM, and relies on bidirectional attention and confidence-based parallel decoding to generate the tokens of a neural audio codec. Compared to the autoregressive generation approach of AudioLM, our model produces audio of the same quality and with higher consistency in voice and acoustic conditions, while being two orders of magnitude faster. SoundStorm generates 30 seconds of audio in 0.5 seconds on a TPU-v4. We demonstrate the ability of our model to scale audio generation to longer sequences by synthesizing high-quality, natural dialogue segments, given a transcript annotated with speaker turns and a short prompt with the speakers' voices.

    1. CONCLUSION ET RECOMMANDATION ___________________En dépit de données épidémiologiques lacunaires, l’offre de soins spécialisés apparaît,dans l’ensemble, bien calibrée. Néanmoins, même si en matière d’offre d’équipements,ambulatoires comme hospitaliers, la France se situe dans la moyenne des pays européens, defortes disparités territoriales témoignent d’une certaine inadéquation de l’offre à l’échelleterritoriale fine.En conséquence la Cour formule la recommandation suivante :1. dresser un état des lieux exhaustif de la situation épidémiologique des troubles psychiqueschez les enfants et les adolescents en France, notamment en élargissant l’étude nationalelancée en 2022 aux adolescents et en exploitant davantage les bases de donnéesmédico-administratives. Cet état des lieux devrait faire l’objet d’une actualisation au moinstous les dix ans (ministère de la santé et de la prévention, Cnam, SPF)
  7. May 2023
    1. One click to turn any web page into a card. Organize your passions.

      https://aboard.com/

      In beta May 2023, via:

      All right. @Aboard is in Beta. @richziade and I are to blame, and everyone else deserves true credit. Here's an animated GIF that explains the entire product. Check out https://t.co/i9RXiJLvyA, sign up, and we're waving in tons of folks every day. pic.twitter.com/7WS1OPgsHV

      — Paul Ford (@ftrain) May 17, 2023
      <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>
    1. 5HANTANU M ARKED SATYAM T'/ AND HAD TWO SO N S-THE ELDER WAS KILLEDIN BATTLE •WHEN SHANTANU D(ED,BHEE5HMA S E T THE YOUNGER SO N ,WCHfTRAWRYA ON THE THRONE AN D RULED THE KINGDOM FO R HIM -

      Within the following pieces of this story, Bheeshma values women, and their right to make their own choices. It is fascinating that Amba does what she wants, then turns around and tries to marry Bheeshma after she went her own way. Bheeshma declining her is his own inalienable right and she decides it is not fair. This flip in gender roles of the woman trying to take away a man's power is quite the spectacle.

      CC Licensing: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Note: This annotation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This means that others are free to share and adapt this work for non-commercial purposes as long as they attribute the original author and use the same CC license for their derivative works.

    2. B U T ~DEVAVRATA M S TOO IN TE LLIG EN T TO BE TAKEN IN B Y THESE WORDS-

      Shantanu is not honest with Gangeya his son. He thought he wasn't aware enough to know that he was enthralled with another woman. Gangeya, showing in this story that he is selfless and wants only to make his father's wishes to come true, does so in striking a deal with Satyavati's father.

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    3. U S T THEN HE SAW A BEAUTIFULG/RL APPROACH/M G.K/NG SHAttTANU WAS OVERCOME B YA IDES/RE TO MAKE SATYAVAT/ H/5OWM AMD TAKE HER TO H/S PALACE • f SHALL GO AMDA S K HER FATHER„ FO R H ER HAND

      Shantanu is quite bold in his wants. The women portrayed in this tale are immediately depicted as physically appealing, beautiful, and smelling divine. They are not described to have any other values which is another piece that perpetuates toxic masculinity and the writer's who have these biases built into their minds.

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    4. SHANTANU WAS D/SM AYED. H E R ETU R N ED TO H fS PALACE, H fSTH O U G H TS FULL O F SATYAVAT/ •A t h a s t w a p u r h e p a s s e d h /s d a y s , l o s t /n h ls l o n g /m g s . o n e d a y -

      Shantanu once again doesn't know what he truly wants. He has mixed desires in wanting women while also not wanting to give away the lineage and royalty of his own son. The interaction between Shantanu and Satyavati's father is another example of the gender role that the women are not in the discussion, only the men and stating what they desire. Satyavati's father wants an in to royalty and he is pushing hard to make that deal with the King.

      CC Licensing: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Note: This annotation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This means that others are free to share and adapt this work for non-commercial purposes as long as they attribute the original author and use the same CC license for their derivative works.

    5. AT SUCH MOMENTS,, HE TOOK LONG WALKS3ALONE, ALONG THE BANKS OFT H E YAM UNA

      It's almost as if he knew he would find a woman or someone who could fill the gaping hole he felt in his life. Like he was searching along the banks hoping to stumble upon another woman, which points back to his desire which comes across as only wanting women to physically satisfy him. This feeds into the gender roles of men seeming like they only want women for sex and is prevelant in Shantanu's life.

      CC Licensing: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Note: This annotation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This means that others are free to share and adapt this work for non-commercial purposes as long as they attribute the original author and use the same CC license for their derivative works.

    6. TAKE HIMHOME ANDM AKE HIMYOUR HEIR-HE IS AMI6HTV ARCHERAND HAS LEARNTALL THERE ISTO KNOWABOUT THEDUTIES OF AKINS.

      "Gangeya knew who Shantanu was", this shows that his mother told him of his father Shantanu and must have shown him who he was so that he could recognize him in person. The title "Devavrata" is signifying of the future when he will take a terrible oath of celibacy.

      CC Licensing: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Note: This annotation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This means that others are free to share and adapt this work for non-commercial purposes as long as they attribute the original author and use the same CC license for their derivative works.

    7. THEN ONE DAW AS SHANTANU CAME ONCE AGAIN TO THE BANKS OFTHE GANGES, HUNTING DEER -

      This piece is interesting because it ties back to the first time Shantanu and his wife met when he was out hunting by the river. What significance do these corellations have? Is Shantanu somehow drawn by a higher diety to keep making life choices when out hunting?

      CC Licensing: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Note: This annotation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This means that others are free to share and adapt this work for non-commercial purposes as long as they attribute the original author and use the same CC license for their derivative works.

    1. The friendship made, which both had sought: How Báli and Sugríva fought.

      Underscored here is the dynamics of male camaraderie and conflict in the Ramayana. It references the story of Báli and Sugríva, two monkey brothers who initially fought against each other but later reconciled and formed a strong alliance. The portrayal of their friendship highlights the idea of brotherhood and loyalty among male characters, adding another layer to the construction of the hero within the cultural context of the epic.

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    2. The fair Videhan  1b lady's rape.

      This leads to significant event in the narrative, namely the abduction of Sitá by the demon king Rávan. The mention of her rape emphasizes the vulnerability and victimization of women within the epic. It reflects the power dynamics between genders and underscores the importance of rescuing Sitá, which becomes a central motivation for Ráma's heroic journey.

      CC Licensing: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Note: This annotation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This means that others are free to share and adapt this work for non-commercial purposes as long as they attribute the original author and use the same CC license for their derivative works.

    3. How Janak's child he wooed and won, Aud broke the bow that bent to none.

      This quote signifies the significance of gender roles and the portrayal of the hero in the context of marriage and masculinity. Ráma's ability to successfully complete the challenge of breaking a bow that no one else could illustrates his exceptional strength and heroism. It reinforces the traditional notion of masculinity associated with physical prowess and serves as a validation of Ráma's worthiness as a suitor for Janak's daughter, Sitá.

      CC Licensing: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Note: This annotation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This means that others are free to share and adapt this work for non-commercial purposes as long as they attribute the original author and use the same CC license for their derivative works.

    4. He sate, in reverent attitude On holy grass,  2 the points all bent Together toward the orient

      Deeply reflected is the sense of reverence and piety exhibited by the hermit during his meditation. The mention of the hermit sitting on holy grass and facing the east highlights the sacredness associated with the act of storytelling. It symbolizes the spiritual connection between the storyteller and the divine, suggesting that the narrative being conveyed holds great significance within the cultural context.

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    1. The tuneful lines thy lips rehearsed Spontaneous from thy bosom burst, Then come, O best of seers, relate The life of Ráma good and great

      Brahmá recognizes Válmíki's poetic talent and urges him to narrate the life story of Rama, emphasizing his virtuous and heroic qualities. The quote illustrates Brahmá's belief in Válmíki's ability to eloquently capture Rama's deeds in his epic.

      CC Licensing: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) Note: This annotation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This means that others are free to share and adapt this work for non-commercial purposes as long as they attribute the original author and use the same CC license for their derivative works.

    2. The heavenly Father smiled in glee, And said, 'O best of hermits', see, A verse, unconscious thou hast made; No longer be the task delayed.

      Signified here is the approval and encouragement Válmíki receives from Brahmá for the verse he spontaneously composed. It indicates that his heartfelt lamentation over the curlew's fate holds poetic value and inspires him to proceed with his epic composition.

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