This peer reviewed article titled "The Safety of COVID-19 Vaccinations—We Should Rethink the Policy" uses the mishandling of data provided by scientists to spready disinformation claiming that the Covid-19 vaccine is killing people. This is an example of disinformation because this study is peer reviewed, so the people involved in it are well educated and versed in the development and usage of the vaccine.

Meet the media startups making big money on vaccine conspiracies. (n.d.). Fortune. Retrieved December 23, 2021, from https://fortune.com/2021/05/14/disinformation-media-vaccine-covid19/

Kit Yates. (2021, September 27). This is absolutely despicable. This bogus “consent form” is being sent to schools and some are unquestioningly sending it out with the real consent form when arranging for vaccination their pupils. Please spread the message and warn other parents to ignore this disinformation. Https://t.co/lHUvraA6Ez [Tweet]. @Kit_Yates_Maths. https://twitter.com/Kit_Yates_Maths/status/1442571448112013319

A_thankless_task. (2021, September 27). @judysimpson222 @KatyMcconkey @beverleyturner Just for anyone interested in why this is a piece of crap. Https://t.co/2XmuuImYzy [Tweet]. @AThankless. https://twitter.com/AThankless/status/1442586893502140417

(20) James 💙 Neill—😷 🇪🇺🇮🇪🇬🇧🔶 on Twitter: “The domain sending that fake NHS vaccine consent hoax form to schools has been suspended. Excellent work by @martincampbell2 and fast co-operation by @kualo 👍 FYI @fascinatorfun @Kit_Yates_Maths @dgurdasani1 @AThankless https://t.co/pbAgNfkbEs” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2021, from https://twitter.com/jneill/status/1442784873014566913

John Bye. (2022, January 6). Despite repeatedly being proven wrong by subsequent events, covid disinformation groups like HART have constantly been given a platform on TV and radio throughout the pandemic. Even after #hartleaks revealed many of their members to be anti-vax conspiracy cranks. 🧵2: Broadcast https://t.co/I3unq04gij [Tweet]. @_johnbye. https://twitter.com/_johnbye/status/1479202308139409413

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @amymaxmen: Link to the meeting: Https://t.co/3UH1R8fblN’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 22 March 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1486268859741052930

Barnes, J. E. (2021, August 5). Russian Disinformation Targets Vaccines and the Biden Administration. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/05/us/politics/covid-vaccines-russian-disinformation.html

Prof. Gavin Yamey MD MPH. (2022, January 21). His vax disinformation is at 34.55 in the video His full comments: “But people do not trust this vaccine. It’s not been through the normal trials, it’s a technology that’s not been proven as safe & effective, & now the data is coming in on the vaccine that’s showing that..” 1/3 [Tweet]. @GYamey. https://twitter.com/GYamey/status/1484668215825469445

Defeat The Mandates: Green Our Vaccines reconstituted for COVID-19. (2022, January 21). RESPECTFUL INSOLENCE. https://respectfulinsolence.com/2022/01/21/defeat-the-mandates-green-our-vaccines-reconstituted-for-covid-19/

Revealed: How a web of Canadian doctors are undermining the fight against COVID-19 | Globalnews.ca. (n.d.). Global News. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from https://globalnews.ca/news/8517353/canada-doctors-covid-vaccine-disinformation/

Prof. Gavin Yamey MD MPH. (2021, October 14). That awful VAERS preprint, championed by anti-vaxxers Marjorie Taylor Greene & Robert Malone, which argued the vax is more dangerous than Covid, refuses to die The preprint was coauthored by a member of Rational Ground, an extreme Covid denialist group that harasses scientists [Tweet]. @GYamey. https://twitter.com/GYamey/status/1448641593150345216

Prof. Shane Crotty. (2021, November 2). Wow. COVID vaccine misinformation continues to be soooo horrible. This is incredible widespread and ABSOLUTELY made up. (Just like the insanity of implantable chips they continue to claim over and over) These fabrications are so damaging to the health of Americans. [Tweet]. @profshanecrotty. https://twitter.com/profshanecrotty/status/1455540502955241489

How to report on public officials who spread misinformation. (2021, December 8). The Journalist’s Resource. https://journalistsresource.org/home/covering-misinformation-tips/

Schmid, P., & Lewandowsky, S. (n.d.). Tackling COVID disinformation with empathy and conversation. The Conversation. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from http://theconversation.com/tackling-covid-disinformation-with-empathy-and-conversation-173013

Antivaccine activists use a government database on side effects to scare the public. (n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2021, from https://www.science.org/content/article/antivaccine-activists-use-government-database-side-effects-scare-public

American vaccine disinformation used as ‘Trojan horse’ for far right in New Zealand. (n.d.). NBC News. Retrieved December 3, 2021, from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/american-vaccine-disinformation-used-trojan-horse-far-right-new-zealan-rcna6423

How the Far-Right Is Radicalizing Anti-Vaxxers. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2021, from https://www.vice.com/en/article/88ggqa/how-the-far-right-is-radicalizing-anti-vaxxers

Cochrane. (2021, November 10). 🤔 Um, @instagram you got this one wrong! @cochranecollab and @CochraneLibrary continue to be there for those looking to use high-quality information to make #health decisions. Learn more: Https://buff.ly/2R3c82O And search our evidence: Https://buff.ly/2vbkhIJ #infodemic https://t.co/m6NUItZ3tu [Tweet]. @cochranecollab. https://twitter.com/cochranecollab/status/1458439812357185536

Kale, S. (2021, November 11). Chakras, crystals and conspiracy theories: How the wellness industry turned its back on Covid science. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/11/injecting-poison-will-never-make-you-healthy-how-the-wellness-industry-turned-its-back-on-covid-science

Wiseman, E. (2021, October 17). The dark side of wellness: The overlap between spiritual thinking and far-right conspiracies. The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/oct/17/eva-wiseman-conspirituality-the-dark-side-of-wellness-how-it-all-got-so-toxic

Echols, W. (n.d.). Wild Conspiracy Theory Linking Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine To ‘Lucifer’ Goes Viral. POLYGRAPH.Info. Retrieved November 8, 2021, from https://www.polygraph.info/a/fact-check-pfizer-vaccine-luciferase-newsmax/31546045.html

Robins-Early, N. (2021, November 3). How anti-vaxxers and ivermectin advocates have co-opted US local news. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/nov/03/how-anti-vaxxers-and-ivermectin-advocates-have-co-opted-local-news

Frost, M. (n.d.). Busting COVID-19 vaccination myths. Retrieved November 2, 2021, from https://acpinternist.org/archives/2021/11/busting-covid-19-vaccination-myths.htm

CDC. (2021, September 8). How to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/health-departments/addressing-vaccine-misinformation.html

‘Spreading like a virus’: Inside the EU’s struggle to debunk Covid lies | World news | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved August 18, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/spreading-like-a-virus-inside-the-eus-struggle-to-debunk-covid-lies?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

Céline Gounder, MD, ScM, FIDSA on Twitter: “1/ PROFOUNDLY DISTURBING clips from a town hall with Arkansas @AsaHutchinson. Q: What’s in the vaccine? A: Here are full ingredient lists: Pfizer: Https://t.co/ZgpaqcIlzg Moderna: Https://t.co/j5uf4uErLB J&J: https://t.co/qsjEO8s4gg https://t.co/OR9sSANR7x” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2021, from https://twitter.com/celinegounder/status/1423002451460907009

Levy, Ari. “The Social Network for Doctors Is Full of Vaccine Disinformation.” CNBC, August 6, 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/06/doximity-social-network-for-doctors-full-of-antivax-disinformation.html.

The Daily 202: Nearly 30 groups urge Facebook, Instagram, Twitter to take down vaccine disinformation—The Washington Post. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/19/daily-202-nearly-30-groups-urge-facebook-instagram-twitter-take-down-vaccine-disinformation/?utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=wp_main&utm_medium=social

The YouTubers who blew the whistle on an anti-vax plot—BBC News. (n.d.). Retrieved July 28, 2021, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-57928647?at_custom4=23264FBA-EE08-11EB-9330-21BB96E8478F&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=%40BBCWorld&at_custom2=twitter&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_campaign=64

Government’s Mass Infection Plan pushed by Great Barrington Declaration Lobbying Effort to End COVID Protections – Byline Times. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2021, from https://bylinetimes.com/2021/07/08/governments-mass-infection-plan-pushed-by-great-barrington-declaration-lobbying-effort-to-end-covid-protections/

Reuters. (2021, July 17). ‘They’re killing people’: Biden slams Facebook for Covid disinformation. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/jul/17/theyre-killing-people-biden-slams-facebook-for-covid-misinformation

Majority of Covid misinformation came from 12 people, report finds | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/17/covid-misinformation-conspiracy-theories-ccdh-report?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

Hughes, B., Miller-Idriss, C., Piltch-Loeb, R., White, K., Creizis, M., Cain, C., & Savoia, E. (2021). Development of a Codebook of Online Anti-Vaccination Rhetoric to Manage COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation [Preprint]. Public and Global Health. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.23.21253727

Khan, M. S., Ali, S. A. M., Adelaine, A., & Karan, A. (2021). Rethinking vaccine hesitancy among minority groups. The Lancet, 397(10288), 1863–1865. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00938-7

Covering Coronavirus: Fighting the ‘Infodemic’—YouTube. (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-Po9anfLrA

Covid-19 Conspiracies: How Can We Deal With Misinformation? (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/sunitasah/2021/01/07/covid-19-conspiracies-how-can-we-deal-with-misinformation/?sh=526aa35b2b3f

Influencers say Russia-linked PR agency asked them to disparage Pfizer vaccine | Marketing & PR | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/may/25/influencers-say-russia-linked-pr-agency-asked-them-to-disparage-pfizer-vaccine?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other

Tucker Carlson May Be America’s Biggest Public-Health Problem. (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2021, from https://www.thedailybeast.com/tucker-carlson-may-be-americas-biggest-public-health-problem?ref=author

It’s too soon to declare vaccine victory—Four strategies for continued progress | TheHill. (n.d.). Retrieved May 12, 2021, from https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/552219-its-too-soon-to-declare-covid-vaccine-victory-four-strategies-for

Hurst, D., & Murphy, K. (2020, June 22). Trump’s misleading information enables China to sow discord among allies, research finds. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/23/trumps-misleading-information-enables-china-to-sow-discord-among-allies-research-finds