via [[Christian Tietze]] at https://forum.zettelkasten.de/discussion/comment/22076/#Comment_22076

There's tremendous value in keeping a single zettelkasten store of knowledge. Spreading it out only dilutes things and can prevent building. Shiny object syndrome can be a problem as it's often splitting the stores of information and silo-ing them from each other. Unless the shiny object can do something radically different or has a dramatic affordance it's really only a distraction.

But still, sometime the search for either simpler or better serves other needs...

for - Douglas Engelbart - life purpose - improve our ability to collectively deal with complex problems

Similar to Dr. King's letter, Rosenberg gives the purpose for their writing in the beginning paragraph. The first paragraphs also seem to be much shorter than most of the thicker paragraphs of the bodies of these two different writing styles.

for - question - entropy definition of life - investigate further - entropy definition of life

question - I'm not fully appreciating his explanation. This requires further investigation - This physical explanation of life appears to be aimed at showing that the hardware and software aspects of life work together to dissipate physical energy - Is he saying that life's purpose is to accelerate the heat death of the universe?

This first line of the conclusion succinctly relays the purpose of this article - to collect, analyze, and discuss common themes and conclusions in conversations and research around Maker education in libraries.

for - compare work - without purpose - vs- monastic perspective

compare work - without purpose - vs- monastic perspective - To much work in modernity is felt as work without - purpose or - meaning - In this case, it feels like slavery because there is no joy present in the work - it feels meaningless to the individual - In contrast, in the monasteries if all traditions, the work is contextualised as another state in which the sacred manifests

• goal: protect user rights/freedoms
• non-goal: protect developer rights/freedoms

This is a valid criticism (sorry Elon Musk)... By helping the other individual you in the end help society and therefore yourself.

We should be focusing on present problems that are closer to us before moving on to more abstract problems that have less value at present.

The same goes for ourselves. Try not to fix your family or neighborhood before you have fixed yourself (keep in mind diminishing returns). As Dan Koe said: "Your purpose is solving the most pressing problem you have right now." (not verbatim).

Try not to learn how to learn before your sleep schedule is excellent, before you know how to be productive and have habits.

Learning enablers first, THEN learning.

Fix first yourself, then your household, then the city, then the country, then the continent, etc. This does not have to be taken literally, but use it as a wise guidance. It's a principle rather than a law.

this is interesting. we set goals just to have goals to pursue. we're chronically addicted to problem-solving.

Comment by onewheeljoe: This question seems like it should be more specific to disciplines. What is annotation in the legal world? How about for scientists? For beginning readers?

If I'm annotating a text to make meaning, that's different than if I'm a prof annotating a historical text to provide relevant background. The two notes have only their "noteness" in common, I'd say.

Your purpose is the most pressing problem in your life right now.

Solving this enables the next, higher purpose.

reason for modules, Invite student engagement.

Instructors purpose in online setting - teaching students how to navigate the "virtual classroom", how to interact and expectations

for - purpose in nature - exorcism of - Ray Noble - quote - gene centered view - organisms as machines - exorcism - Ray Noble - gene centered view

for - evolutionary biology - purpose in nature Denis Noble - Ray Noble

for - paper - Physiology restores purpose to evolutionary biology - Denis Noble - Raymond Noble - year - 2023

from - youtube - IAI interview - Why Dawkins is wrong - Denis Noble - https://hyp.is/eqKOYhVVEe-XVKuwMtOTTg/docdrop.org/video/dCLRKP9NW8I/

The podcast's purpose is to educate and amuse listeners about Bad Bunny's most recent album, "Un Verano Sin Ti." The hosts want to spark a vibrant conversation with the audience while offering evaluation, observations, and appreciation for the creative aspects of the record.

"..man's task, is...to become conscious of the contents that press upward from the unconscious...As far as we can discern, the sole purpose of human existence" Carl Jung

Human beings, at some level, need bias to survive. So, are we biased? Of course. Virtually every one of us is biased toward something, somebody, or some group.

https://www.blyberg.net/darien-statements

The Darien Statements on the Library and Librarians<br /> Written by John Blyberg, Kathryn Greenhill, and Cindi Trainor<br /> Originally published April 3, 2009

reply to u/chasemac_ at https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/19ep9rc/comment/kjempeu/

I'm curious from where you draw your "original purpose" claim? This presupposes having identified a zettelkasten progenitor who has clearly made such a statement. (If you're thinking Luhmann, you're missing the mark by centuries. And even if you're thinking Luhmann, where did he say this specifically?) While Konrad Gessner seems to have been an early progenitor in 1548, the broader idea goes much further back. Even in the early days of the commonplace book, the primary analogy was using them as "storehouses" for collecting treasure (thesaurus) aka knowledge or wisdom.

Even Luhmann's framing of his zettelkasten as his "second memory" was old by the time he wrote it:

In a short academic dissertation on the art of excerpts, Andreas Stübel described the card index as a ‘secondary and subsidiary memory’ (‘memoria secundaria and subsidiaria’), summing up in just three words the dilemma scholars had been struggling with for two centuries with respect to the use of commonplace books. As far as I know, Stübel was the first among contemporaries to speak of secondary memory. —Alberto Cevolini in “Where Does Niklas Luhmann’s Card Index Come From?” Erudition and the Republic of Letters 3, no. 4 (October 24, 2018): 390–420. https://doi.org/10.1163/24055069-00304002.

If we look even further back we read Seneca the Younger in Epistulae morales, writing positively about collecting with respect to classic rhetoric:

"We should follow, men say, the example of the bees, who flit about and cull the flowers that are suitable for producing honey, and then arrange and assort in their cells all that they have brought in;

Without a clear originator, I might suggest that historically the first purpose was for memory followed closely by learning and then accumulating wisdom and knowledge (sententiae). Using them for output only came much later.

Why is there so much bad ink in the zettelkasten space about about "collecting"? (a la the "collector's fallacy") If you collect nothing, you'll have nothing. You have to start somewhere. Collecting happens first before anything useful comes out of the enterprise. Where are all these "people [who] do nothing but boast about the amount of cards in their box"? I'm not seeing lots of evidence of them in fora or online certainly. Show us your collection of examples of those to back up the claim. Are there index card hoarders out there who honestly have tens of thousands of notes with absolutely no purpose? I suspect it's rare.

If you're a collector, collect away! Take solace in the words of historian Keith Thomas:

Unfortunately, such diverse topics as literacy, numeracy, gestures, jokes, sexual morality, personal cleanliness or the treatment of animals, though central to my concerns, are hard to pursue systematically. They can’t be investigated in a single archive or repository of information. Progress depends on building up a picture from a mass of casual and unpredictable references accumulated over a long period. That makes them unsuitable subjects for a doctoral thesis, which has to be completed in a few years. But they are just the thing for a lifetime’s reading. So when I read, I am looking out for material relating to several hundred different topics.

27.09 be consumed by the system, or serve it purposefully

Live in the system, don't try to change it, resisting it (Joseph Campbell)

for: purpose - computational boundary of self - it's utility is to have one idea that can help define intelligence non-anthropomorphically, not just of humans

This is the difference between acting excellence and purposeful.

It is about energy and purpose, and not about time.

59:00 Purpose and belonging as drivers for happiness. Try to balance both. Purpose can easily cannibalise belonging.

16:00 passion is selfish, so, like an alchemist, turn it into purpose

32:00 "passion and purpose gives focus for free" Steven Kotler

reply to u/Admirable_Discount75 at https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/17beucn/knowledge_that_is_excluded_from_synthesis/

What is your purpose/need/desire to turn all this material into individual zettels or atomic ideas? If you've read the material, taken some literature notes, and reviewed them a bit, don't you broadly now know and understand the methodology? If this is the point and you might only need your notes/outline to review occasionally, then there's nothing else you need to do. If you're comparing other similar methodologies and comparing and contrasting them, then perhaps it's worth breaking some of them out into their own zettels to connect to other things you're working on. Perhaps you're going to write your own book on the topic? Then having better notes on the subject is worthwhile. If you don't have a good reason or gut feeling for why you would want or need to do it, taking hundreds of notes from a book and splitting them all into interconnected atomic notes is solely busy work.

It's completely acceptable to just keep your jumble of literature notes next to your bibliographic entry for potential future reference or quick review if necessary. Perhaps you've gotten everything you need from this source without creating any permanent notes? Or maybe only one or two of the hundreds are actually valuable to your potential long term goals?<br /> It's really only the material you feel that is relevant to your longer term goals, research, and synthesis needs that's worthwhile breaking out into permanent notes/zettels.

syndication link: https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/17beucn/comment/k5lr0mz/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

Just as Adler and Van Doren (1972) suggest that most books are only worth a quick inspectional read and fewer are worth a deeper, analytical read, most (fleeting) notes, highlights, and annotations you make are only worth their quick scribble while vanishingly few others are worthy of greater expansion and permanent note status. You might also find by extension that some of the most valuable work you'll do is syntopical reading and the creation of high value syntopical notes which you can weave into folgezettel (sequences of notes) that generate new knowledge.

Don't fall into the trap of thinking that everything needs to be a perfect, permanent note. If you're distilling and writing one or two good permanent notes a day, you're killing it; the rest is just sour mash.

As ever, practice to see what works best for your needs.

Adler and Van Doren's minimal bar of a college education is that it produce competent syntopical readers.

During the interview, the host explains that Bad Bunny creates songs like "El Apagon" with the intention of both entertaining and informing his audience. Sayre points out that Bad Bunny desires for his fans to dance and enjoy themselves, which is why he creates songs with upbeat tempos. However, he also seeks to bring attention to societal injustices and incorporates politically charged lyrics into his music that still maintain a club-like beat.

03:33 5 intrinsic motivators 04:20 curiosity 04:50 purpose 05:30 mastery 06:00 autotelic: enjoyment of the activity itself (Doris his enjoyment of the topic, and previous three was fairly high, but he didn’t like spreadsheets etc.) 07:00 autonomy

Aligning these 5 as driving tremendous intrinsic motivation

First flow trigger is passion, purpose, curiosity

• see zk: on how discernment of these is important to achieve flow (discoverable in many sections), and how we have to figure these out in a bottom-up manner, with tools that aid us

welcome stillness (to discern purpose)

• see: discernment happens to you, you don't do it) (movement happens to you, you don't force it)

purpose as not my purpose, what does the greater purpose want (power of now written through Eckhart) "what does god/life want from me, rather than what do I want from life" (finding place in the whole)

• for: social organization - evolutionary purpose,
• paraphrase
  • human social organization exists to maximize
    • the extraction of energy from the environment to the group and individual (X), and
    • the efficiency of the conversion of extracted energy into offspring (E). -This is identical to the claim that
    • social organization exists to maximize the fitness of the group (Wilson and Sober 1994) and/or the individuals which compose the group (Nowak et al. 2010),
  • given an energetic definition of fitness.

For any action, habit, and belief you have, ask yourself: "Does this help toward my goals and future self or not?", if the answer is no, it is a distraction and part of the 80% you need to let go in order to reach 10X

Your future self and 10X (or 100X) vision and goals serve as a massive filter for action and belief.

Note: You should not 10X everything! Just 3 priorities.

Counterintuitively, the 10X mindset and goal setting is not about goals. It is about identifying the essential PROCESSES that lead to significant progress.

What is the game you want to play? What is the game you could play? What is a game you could go all in on and succeed at and be really good at?

This defines your pathways and strategies within your 20%

The path can change and adjust over time.

Power of purpose: When the why is big enough, you can handle almost any how.

Something to introduce into your yearly review is to reflect on the period and find out what your 10x cycles were.

A 10x mindset is defined by letting go of the 80% that isn't useful, and focusing on the 20% that is essential while building 80% new skills or standards that benefit your purpose. A lot of true progress requires sacrifice (stripping down that which is not beneficial or essential).

Related to what Mihaly Csikszentmihaliy, author of Flow, calls the Ulterior purpose, where the purpose serves as a big filter to focus on what actually matters. Antonin Sertillanges gives a similar account in The Intellectual Life

The solid maxim: Big change requires great sacrifice.""

Likely, identifying the essential 20% (and the 80% to learn) requires a lot of introspection and reflection. Something that will help significantly is Kolb's.

source?

https://elizabethfilips.podia.com/validation-cohort-muse

Elizabeth Filips is running a validation cohort for a course (presumably called MUSE, the marketing name for her "system" as well) on how to take notes and build a zettelkasten (or a second brain—there's evidence that she's taken Tiago Forte's course). She's got some indications that she's using a zettelkasten-like method for creation, but her burgeoning empire also appears to be firmly centered in the productivity porn space. I'm curious how she views her Muse system being different from a zettelkasten?

She's got an incredibly focused sales funnel web presence here.

https://wildrye.com/tools-for-thought-need-a-purpose/

sustainable, equitable future! Yay!

We don't talk about the art of reading or the art of note making often enough as a goal to which students might aspire. It's too often framed as a set of rules and an mechanical process rather than a road to producing interesting, inspiring, or insightful content that can change humanity.

This reminds me of the purpose of reading at CAA. If you tell no one about it, then it wasn't worth the effort. What new did you learn and how did you pass that on to improve your friends, colleagues, and society?

Every studio has a slate.

What is the source for this?

It's highly related to having a direction in life, or the famous example of Feynman's 12 Favorite Problems that he always kept in mind to slowly be working at.

Part of having a list of purpose dovetails to how one builds their identity too.

Historically the vast majority of zettelkasten didn't have the sort of structure and design of Luhmann's, though with indexing they certainly create a network of notes and excerpts. These examples are just subsets or excerpts of someone's reading of these books and surely anyone else reading any book is going to have a unique set of notes on them. These sets were specifically honed and curated for a particular purpose.

The interesting pattern here is that someone is selling a subset of their work/notes as a set of cards rather than as a book. Doing this allows different sorts of reading and uses than a "traditional" book would.

I'm curious what other sort of experimental things people might come up with? The "novel" Cain's Jawbone, for example, could be considered a "Zettelkasten mystery" or "Zettelkasten puzzle". There's also the subset of cards from Roland Barthes' fichier boîte (French for zettelkasten), which was published posthumously as Mourning Diary.

This quote explains how suffrage shouldn't be just for men or it wouldn't be "universal" it should be for both men and women.

Shows the staute of men and women during the time. Men would fight , women would take care. the only way they were the same or similar is that they went through similar things. But back then it wouldn't have seen it that way. they would only see the men fighting.

Clearly during this time, we know women and African Americans were not included in anything. So only white men would be included in this statement.

This phrasing imo instrumentalises those fascinating people you find. Interesting stuff is a byproduct of interacting with those fascinating people, a result from fascinating conversation, a residue of the construct you've built together in conversation.

Similiarly, the intrinsic purpose of a society as an individual organism, a superorganism is to maintain vitality and sustain a flourishing of itself, including its extended self through its cognitive architecture - sensing, evaluating, modeling, anticipating and taking action.

Individual organism's intrinsic purpose is to maintain vitality and sustain a flourishing of itself, including its extended self (ie. the environment) through sensing, evaluating states and take actions based on anticipation through models of reality.

This is a space where we might ask ourselves:

1. What might emerge from these annotations?
2. How might we sum up the annotations?
3. What are fav responses and why?

Please add to this so we can have a larger purpose and purview. In other words, how can we put the social into social annotation?

Purpose of the article

Group projects require that learners be present on a particular schedule, reducing the flexibility and convenience factor in online study and possibly causing anxiety and/or resentment, particularly if the purpose of the group work is not clear and the group experience is not positive.

looking for a callback that you can register to happen after current transaction is committed, not just after_commit of model -- though actually, that might fire precisely when current transaction is committed, too (except that it might only get triggered for nested transactions, not the top-most transaction), so it could maybe go there ... but I think the problem is just that it doesn't belong there, because it's not specific to the model...

I guess the OP said it best:

I am not looking for model based after commits on update/create/etc, I want to be able to dynamically define a block that will be executed only if the current (top-most) transaction passes:

Here James (1907) Is trying to distinguish study of the mind and the treatment of the mind. With structural the organizational study how the mind work, alternatively functional how are mind functions.

I seem to recall a book or two like this that were on the best seller list in the 1990s and early 2000s based on a best selling Christian self help book, but with an edition that had a journal like reflection space. Other than the old word rapiaria, is there a word for this broad genre besides self-help journal?

An example might be Rhonda Byrne's book The Secret (Atria Books, 2006) which had a gratitude journal version (Atria Books, 2007, 978-1582702087).

Another example includes Rick Warren's The Purpose Driven Life (Zondervan, 2002) with a journal version (Zondervan, 2002, 978-0310807186).

There's also a sub-genre of diaries and journals that have these sort of preprinted quotes/reflections for each day in addition to space for one to write their own reflections.

Has anyone created a daily blogging/reflection platform that includes these sorts of things? One might repurpose the Hello Dolly WordPress plugin to create journal prompts for everyday writing and reflection.

Ikeda, A., Yonemitsu, F., Yoshimura, N., Sasaki, K., & Yamada, Y. (2022, January 27). The Open Science Foundation clandestinely abused for malicious activities in unintended manners. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xtuen

While placing our ideas into external memory devices like notebooks or zettelkasten may allow us to forget them, mnemotechniques allow us to perform a similar task, but provides us hooks upon which they might be hung by means of association with other ideas. These hooks and association can be reactivated at later times when the ideas may be needed.

The zettelkasten allows us to do multiple things. It encourages us to clarify our ideas by writing them down, we extend them by linking them to other contexts, we actively write towards a multitude of interesting goals, by writing, we can forget the original ideas which we can later serendipitously re-link to new concepts.

Look at their life and how it can bring opportunities and then if you will be exposed and streched.

Yes ... and "Fitter, happier, more productive". Where is the systems change.

Please provide a thoughtful reply.

I think it’s a good idea to have a fall break. Also a mental day. But the mental day has to be productive. A roundtable discussion is a really good idea. Maybe even some group therapy sessions if that’s even a thing. And with students with disabilities. We should also have classes that talk about serious subjects. And also give The students with disabilities a chance to air their grievances. And also have teachers explain to them what’s going on and how they can make a change. Or have some additional counseling. Maybe we can even have a way to make sure everybody is safe both physically mentally. And educationally. Students with disabilities have a right to. It’s harder for students is with mental challenges to grasp at serious subject. Maybe we should have a class maybe at the Achieve center like a roundtable class or a class and teaching us how to be more resilient. How to deal with trauma and PTSD and she CPTSD.

Improve Arnstein's model by layering on Fraser.

I would think that it is more about saying kind things to yourself, but you affirm yourself doing things that align with your purpose and values, that's interesting

The author is using past research developed from the theory of dynamics of social practice in order to prove her point. She also later references interviews that were conducted (it wouldn't let me highlight all the way down for some reason). It seems she is using older information to prove her more modern point.

purpose...how are we really living our lives?

What a great about page. Reminds me in part of some of the underlying ethos of the IndieWeb.

Shows the relationship between a "terminal emulator" and a pseudoterminal, as alluded to in the intro:

is a pair of pseudo-devices, one of which, the slave, emulates a hardware text terminal device, the other of which, the master, provides the means by which a terminal emulator process controls the slave.

This clarifies that (one of) the terminal's responsibility is:

• provides line editing

The author ends by claiming that Lodge's bill was not the only thing that delayed African American rights, a common misconception to his article. By ending the article like this, the audience understands that the Lodge's bill was stopped by senators filibustering. Only in the previous article did the author establish how filibustering is harmful to the society and he once again brings this topic to let the public be more aware of this prevalent issue.

Why use Reddit?

He ends with his purpose by contrasting the two parties. He praises the Democrats for their ability to stop this nonsense, and he gives an example of a hypothetical situation where Republicans are in control. However, from his diction and negative connotation, one can predict that that society would be dangerous for the public. Overall, he enforces that although Republicans are trying to suppress the voters from voting, the Democrats can succeed if extra support is provided.

This word filibuster is talked throughout the essay and how it is an impedance to enacting a law or right quickly. The author senses that the person reading this article is educated about political terms and therefore does not feel a need to clarify the term. Also, using previous knowledge, filibusters are one example of what the Congress uses to drag on the bill without coming to a solution. Therefore, the readers are aware that the author is taking a criticizing perspective on either the Congress or parts of the congress.

Friedman ties in his purpose once again at the end. He accentuates that the nation as a whole cannot develop or reach its full potential until the two political parties work together; until they both place importance to the diversity of the nation. This allows him to demonstrate that without change occurring in the Republican party, change cannot occur in the nation. He shows that the Republicans need to change and the parties need to work together to make nation better. He places emphasis to show that we are well into the 21st century and yet we are still not treating everyone equally, showing the importance of what his point of view is. Then he ends with a sentence that is almost demoralizing to emphasize that we cannot become diverse until the Republican party changes.

He illustrates an image of a world where everyone is included. He forces the readers to imagine a world where politics was helping the people and not working against some of them. He shows how there would be changes within many of the topics and how the people would see an improved society: one that put the needs of the people at the highest.

This is almost a call to action. He shows that there are people that are willing to make a change and have ideas that will benefit society, but they are being suppressed. Their ideas are not given importance and they are not being evaluated. Friedman shows that the time to act is now and that we need to do something to prevent this from occurring. He shows that there are people that believe in changes and that they need to become more prominent.

Friedman highlights how the Republican party has been taking the easy way out. Instead of working to support the rights of the minority and get them more representation, the party is simply trying to deal with their grievances. He then asks a rhetorical question forcing the reader to really consider the impact of the Republican party. After giving various examples of what the Republican party has done and how they are really helping the nation, Friedman is able to emphasize their lack of change. He then brings up democracy, stating that if we want change, then we cannot allow them to have that easy path. Things that are worth doing and that are right for the people are hard, but in the end they are necessary.

To develop his point of view further, Friedman brings up how in the past, the Republican Party was supposed to become inclusive to all people regardless of race, sexual orientation, and nationality. However, instead of doing that, the Party went back to white supremacy and stopped being inclusive. Through this, he once again emphasizes how our democracy has been breached. He brings attention to how everyone is not being treated equally and that change needs to come.

Now he ties them all in together. But his main point is Trump's administration. He states that deer and the school board are local problems, but the Republican party is national, making it much more influential. By making this small distinction, Friedman brings attention to how Trump's actions affect our country as a whole. This allows him to establish how Trump's administration is negatively affecting the country. To support this, he references the mob that ransacked the Capitol, demonstrating just how harmful their actions were. He even goes on to compare it to cancer, accentuating that this is no small thing. By specifically comparing the political party to cancer, he is showing the readers that this is not just bad, but it is dangerous. By slowly introducing the party's incompetence by comparing it to deer, then showing how Trump could do anything, and then comparing the party to cancer, Freidman effectively demonstrates his point of view to the audience in a way that is hard to deny.

Donald Trump is a famous politician who was the President of the United States. By describing Trump and even using quotes from him, he utilizes with what the audience already knows and then connects it to his claim. This improves the author's credibility as he is providing many examples of different esteemed individuals to assert his claim to the audience and make them understand the government's role in a crisis.

The author is asking a rhetorical question and answering it immediately. He is doing this not only to clear one of the audience's questions regarding the consequences of Texas situations, but also to make the government officials more guilty for leaving Texas in this situation.

Rather than taking charge of the action, the governor blamed the fault on the renewable energy and claims that he did the best possible thing he could do for the country. This once again develops the author claim as this now emphasizes that the author wants to criticize these officials for not only ignoring the crisis as a whole, but also blaming the crisis on other people or things.

This is twitter. What is its purpose? It is a general-purpose electronic communication medium on the Internet, accessible via web and apps, comprising a high-volume global stream of written thoughts of people, attached with pics, gifs, links and audio- & video-embeds.

MIT Study Mechanical skills: larger reward leads to better performance Cognitive skills: larger reward leads to poorer performance

Pay people enough to not think about money, it is no longer a factor

Autonomy/Mastery/Self-Actualization If want engagement, self-direction is better Atlassian, work on whatever you want for 24 hours Allow learners to guide their own learning

Mastery--we want to get better at stuff because it's satisfying; people have jobs, and for free people do lots of hard work; challenge, mastery and making a contribution: purpose motive

We are purpose motivated and want to be self-directed

The purpose of this article is to inform and entertain.

Content is focused on news, trends, products, or development of the specific field or industry.

The purpose of the textbook is inform college students attending CNM, the resources available to them and to educate the conventions of writing.

This is the conclusion to Part one of the textbook, and it includes the purpose for all the Chapters. This also brings us to what we will see next in Part 2 of the textbook.

The purpose of this chapter is to inform the reader that the way you used to write in high school is going to just be the foundation and assignments are going to be different going forward.

One of the goals for this chapter was to inform students that if they needed help there are resources available for them at CNM

The purpose of this chapter is to educate students on how to develop strong reading strategies that will help with other classes and writing.

Wyman, O. (2020 May 05). Empowering Displaced Teams in the Time of COVID. https://www.oliverwyman.com/our-expertise/insights/2020/may/humanitarian-organizations-teach-us-to-empower-during-coronavirus.html

Filer, T. & Kaminer, R. How governments can engage digital resources to manage their Covid-19 response. (2020, March 9). StateUp. https://stateup.co/how-governments-can-engage-digital-resources-to-manage-their-covid-19-response/

This statement reveals how people have spent much money and time preparing for the hurricane, but the simile undercuts the heavy subject with humor. The author's purpose could be to provide comic relief in a time of fear and panic, a way to distract those in Florida from the hurricane.

This anecdote provides comic relief to the serious situation with Irma. It describes a reaction that many have to impending disasters, which is stocking up on food they usually would never eat. This is a relatable example told in way that lightens the situation by making it seem more funny.

Uses humor to keep his audience grateful for what they have as parents and grandparents instead of focusing on time and age

Barry reveals that grandparents are much more aware of how little time they have left with their grandchildren as opposed to parents and their children. Gets a bit dark, but Barry lightens the mood a bit at the end while remaining sentimental.

Barry explains one of the best parts of being a grandparent, seeing your children become good parents and knowing that you raised them to be good parents.

Barry provides facts the way a child would. Does he do this to emphasize the impact his grandchildren have had on him and how they make him take things less seriously?