- Mar 2021
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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github.blog github.blog
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We added the X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff header to our raw URL responses way back in 2011 as a first step in combating hotlinking. This has the effect of forcing the browser to treat content in accordance with the Content-Type header. That means that when we set Content-Type: text/plain for raw views of files, the browser will refuse to treat that file as JavaScript or CSS.
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developer.mozilla.org developer.mozilla.org
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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How is it that https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_theory links to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_(model_theory) but the latter does not have any link to or mention of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_theory
Neither mentions the relationship between them, but both of them should, since I expect that is a common question.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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In fact categories can themselves be viewed as type theories of a certain kind
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The distinction in computer programming between classes and objects is related, though in this context, "class" sometimes refers to a set of objects (with class-level attribute or operations) rather than a description of an object in the set, as "type" would.
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The distinction is important in disciplines such as logic, linguistics, metalogic, typography, and computer programming.
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The sentence "they drive the same car" is ambiguous. Do they drive the same type of car (the same model) or the same instance of a car type (a single vehicle)?
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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In the simple biology example, dog is a hypernym and Fido is one of its hyponyms. A word can be both a hyponym and a hypernym. For example, dog is a hyponym of mammal and also a hypernym of Fido.
I wish they hadn't used tokens/objects in this example. Wouldn't it be just as clear or clearer if they had stuck to only comparing types/classes?
It may be okay to mix them like that in some contexts, but in other cases it seems like this would be suffering from ignoring/conflating/[better word?] the Type–token distinction.
Does linguistics just not make the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%E2%80%93token_distinction ?
This statement seems to reinforce that idea:
words that are examples of categories are hyponyms
because an example of a category/class/type could be either a sub-class or an instance of that category/class/type, right?
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words that are examples of categories are hyponyms
So linguistics doesn't make the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%E2%80%93token_distinction ?
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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a class is an implementation—a concrete data structure and collection of subroutines—while a type is an interface
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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Blakemore, E. (n.d.). New diabetes cases linked to covid-19. Washington Post. Retrieved February 11, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/02/01/covid-new-onset-diabetes/
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www.theverge.com www.theverge.com
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“There is very little incentive for Microsoft to make a significant change to features that are used extremely widely by the rest of the massive community of Excel users.”
Microsoft did the right thing here. Most users are not geneticists and they rely on automatic date conversion.
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dry-rb.org dry-rb.org
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Dry::Types::Undefined
Cool! I workaround for the fact that Ruby has no undefined type distinct from nil.
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- Feb 2021
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Jin, H., Jia, L., Yin, X., Wei, S., & Xu, G. (2020, December 18). The influence of information relevance on the continued influence effect of misinformation. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/uatjd
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trailblazer.to trailblazer.to
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You may use keyword arguments in your filters for type safety and better readable code.
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github.com github.com
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Or you can use Maybe container! It consists of Some and Nothing types, representing existing state and empty (instead of None) state respectively.
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Make your functions return something meaningful, typed, and safe!
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sobolevn.me sobolevn.me
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And we can specify types of wrapped values in a function return annotation, for example Result[float, ZeroDivisionError] returns either Success[float] or Failure[ZeroDivisionError].
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Now you can easily spot them! The rule is: if you see a Result it means that this function can throw an exception. And you even know its type in advance.
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So, despite your code is type safe it is not safe to be used.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The exception can be avoided by using ? operator on the nullable value instead:
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The @ ? annotation can be used to denote a nullable value.
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dry-rb.org dry-rb.org
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this implies direct work with nil-able values which may end up with errors.
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To get the final value you can use value_or which is a safe way to unwrap a nil-able value.
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In other words, once you've used Maybe you cannot hit nil with a missing method. This is remarkable because even &. doesn't save you from omitting || "No state" at the end of the computation. Basically, that's what they call "Type Safety".
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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A type constructor M that builds up a monadic type M T
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Monads achieve this by providing their own data type (a particular type for each type of monad), which represents a specific form of computation
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To emphasize how Just acts on the underlying value by wrapping it, it can be redefined as a function too, called eta for now
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Maybe T can be understood as a "wrapping" type, wrapping the type T into a new type with built-in exception handling
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github.com github.com
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Trailblazer offers you a new, more intuitive file layout in applications.
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Instead of grouping by technology, classes and views are structured by concept, and then by technology. A concept can relate to a model, or can be a completely abstract concern such as invoicing.
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github.com github.com
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For now I've worked around this by putting all the key-value pairs into an array before passing them into the interaction, then re-building the hash inside the interaction. It works, but it requires some extra code
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You can use it by allowing a hash with arbitrary keys, but that loses type-safety one that object.
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10.11.66.200 10.11.66.200
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For Outbound Calls
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For Inbound Calls
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alistapart.com alistapart.com
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div:nth-of-type(3n+1) { grid-column: 1; } div:nth-of-type(3n+2) { grid-column: 2; } div:nth-of-type(3n+3) { grid-column: 3; } div:nth-of-type(-n+3) { grid-row: 1; }
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#ttt > * { border: 1px solid black; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0; display: flex; /* flex styling to center content in divs */ align-items: center; justify-content: center; } #ttt > *:nth-of-type(3n) { border-right-width: 0; } #ttt > *:nth-of-type(n+7) { border-bottom-width: 0; }
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- Nov 2020
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www.proctoru.com www.proctoru.com
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keystroke biometrics, ID capture, and facial analysis
I feel like I'm seeing various responses to what data is actually captured. To me, it doesn't seem like they are consistent in their responses about the types of data collected.
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dlholf.wordpress.com dlholf.wordpress.com
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Reviewing pre-prints with hypothes.is?
After conversion using the hypothes.is API tool: https://jonudell.info/h/CopyAnnotations/ , this annotation has been copied to a public annotation (which I subsequently edited).
Drawback: you can only use it with one user log-in and on a single web domain (so you'd have to run it for every single article someone has reviewed).
Original annotation (see in group—that one stays there, usefully!)
This annotation should be private to the group only.
Tags are permitted, they can be any free text.
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- Oct 2020
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Informative data about objects that are considered prototypes for the role. Base concept is similar to type, but without inheritance of limitations and properties. Base concepts are designed as a substitute for inheritance for external concepts. A base concept is like a related concept except that the base concept is almost identical to the role definition.
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beta.theleagueofmoveabletype.com beta.theleagueofmoveabletype.com
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losttype.com losttype.com
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13683/.
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13673/.
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- Sep 2020
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css-tricks.com css-tricks.com
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It’s become increasingly common to divide code into components, rather than by file type. React, for example, allows for the collocation of a components markup and JavaScript. In Svelte, this is taken one logical step further: the Javascript, markup and styling for a component can all exist together in a single `.svelte` file
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svelte.dev svelte.dev
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Components with TypeScript can be type-checked with the svelte-check command
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- Aug 2020
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www.journalofsurgicalresearch.com www.journalofsurgicalresearch.com
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Bababekov, Y. J., Hung, Y.-C., Hsu, Y.-T., Udelsman, B. V., Mueller, J. L., Lin, H.-Y., Stapleton, S. M., & Chang, D. C. (2019). Is the Power Threshold of 0.8 Applicable to Surgical Science?—Empowering the Underpowered Study. Journal of Surgical Research, 241, 235–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2019.03.062
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- Jul 2020
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osf.io osf.io
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Halford, E., Dixon, A., Farrell, G., Malleson, N., & Tilley, N. (2020). Crime and coronavirus: Social distancing, lockdown and the mobility elasticity of crime [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4qzca
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www.hspsweden.eu www.hspsweden.eu
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Många upplever sina största svårigheter i relationer med andra särskilt med de mest nära, kära och intima. Lev livet fullt ut visar oss hur våra relationer kan vara en ingång till ett andligt uppvaknande, om vi använder oss av dem på ett klokt och vist sätt.
Och här låter det som att den som TÄNKER för mycket behöver balansera det med motsatsen att KÄNNA, vilket man har god nytta av i relationer exempelvis.
Igen, Carl Jungs typteori. Medicinhjulets väderstreck, elementens eld (tänkande) och dess motsats vatten (känslor)
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- Jun 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Kitamura, S., & Yamada, K. (2020). Social Comparisons and Cooperation During COVID-19 [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rsbmz
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- May 2020
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Collective agency occurs when people act together, such as a social movement
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gitlab.com gitlab.com
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Type labels are very important. They define what kind of issue this is. Every issue should have one and only one.
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- Mar 2020
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dmv.ny.gov dmv.ny.gov
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Alert: New office locations are now accepting reservations for license and permit transactions at the Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building in Harlem, Empire State College in Selden, and Shirley A. Chisholm State Office Building in Brooklyn.
General information types of products Location of service
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- Nov 2019
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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with perhaps a dash of British formality and wit
type design is cultural
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created a Greek alphabet carefully honed to convey scientific meaning rather than typical Greek-language prose
type design as a means to convey scientific meaning
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- Oct 2019
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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raw.githack.com raw.githack.com
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When you request a file from raw.githubusercontent.com, gist.githubusercontent.com, bitbucket.org or gitlab.com, they are usually served (in the case of JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and some other file types) with a Content-Type of text/plain. As a result, most modern browsers won't actually interpret it as JavaScript, HTML, or CSS.
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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Let's make the example even easier. function convertDate<T extends string | undefined>(isoDate?: string): T { return undefined } 'undefined' is assignable to the constraint of type 'T' Means: What you return in the function (undefined), matches the constraints of your generic type parameter T (extends string | undefined). , but 'T' could be instantiated with a different subtype of constraint 'string | undefined'. Means: TypeScript does not consider that as safe. What if you defined your function like this at compile time: // expects string return type according to generics // but you return undefined in function body const res = convertDate<string>("2019-08-16T16:48:33Z") Then according to your signature, you expect the return type to be string. But at runtime that is not the case! This discrepancy that T can be instantiated with a different subtype (here string) than you return in the function (undefined) is expressed with the TypeScript error.
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www.typescriptlang.org www.typescriptlang.org
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Based on examples given in https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/29049
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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Both of the below are valid as far as T extends (...args: any[]) => any goes logFn((a, b) => a + b) logFn((a, b, c) => c) But if you refer back to the example I gave, the inner definition as: return (a, b) => fn(a, b); So option 2. will throw an error here, which is why typescript is warning you about it.
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github.com github.com
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In the body of the function you have no control over the instantiation by the calling context, so we have to treat things of type T as opaque boxes and say you can't assign to it. A common mistake or misunderstanding was to constraint a type parameter and then assign to its constraint, for example: function f<T extends boolean>(x: T) { x = true; } f<false>(false); This is still incorrect because the constraint only restricts the upper bound, it does not tell you how precise T may really be.
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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P can't be assigned {}, since the Generic Type P can be a more defined (or restricted) type.
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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isFieldB
Somewhat strange type guard. Maybe not the best example.
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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you can have a Type that is more specific than a boolean like this
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github.com github.com
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The value 10 is assignable to the constraint of T, but it is not assignable to this particular instantiation of T. If there was no error I would passing 10 where 3 is expected!
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www.typescriptlang.org www.typescriptlang.org
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These typeof type guards are recognized in two different forms: typeof v === "typename" and typeof v !== "typename", where "typename" must be "number", "string", "boolean", or "symbol". While TypeScript won’t stop you from comparing to other strings, the language won’t recognize those expressions as type guards.
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Type Guards
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microsoft.github.io microsoft.github.io
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typeof type guards
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- Sep 2019
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ia800908.us.archive.org ia800908.us.archive.org
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Itwasprobablyowingtoourbeinghereticsthatwewerenotbetterreceived.
calls himself heretic
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- Jun 2019
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varsellcm.r-forge.r-project.org varsellcm.r-forge.r-project.org
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missing values are managed, without any pre-processing, by the model used to cluster with the assumption that values are missing completely at random.
VarSelLCM
package
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- May 2019
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www.samszo.univ-paris8.fr www.samszo.univ-paris8.fr
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Laboratoire Paragraphe
laboratoire de recherche
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- Mar 2019
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www.myersbriggs.org www.myersbriggs.org
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The Myers Briggs Type Indicator can be one way to learn about oneself as a student or teacher and can be a way to help teachers consider how they should present information so as to reach learners of all types (and/or how they should be careful to present information for types other than their own). This is the main site; others can be found that focus specifically on education, but I thought their own site should be featured. Rating 3/5
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- Feb 2019
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realpython.com realpython.com
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The Ultimate Guide to Python Type Checking
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mypy.readthedocs.io mypy.readthedocs.io
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Type hints cheat sheet (Python 3)¶ This document is a quick cheat sheet showing how the PEP 484 type annotation notation represents various common types in Python 3.
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- Jan 2019
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hal.inria.fr hal.inria.fr
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Denition of the evolution model by SPL main-tainer.
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Validations provided bySPLEmmainclude structural veri-cations onfms and mappings (YourCastdenes a meta-model for the denition of relationships) as well as correctconstruction ofContributions. As the previous evolutions in-volvefmchanges, we use generic preconditions related tofmconsistency
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roblem Space(PS),containing feature models, can also need modicationson theConguration Knowledge(CK) or mappingsand theSolution Space(SS)
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Currently, as soonas we let anyone contributing, we have to ensure thecorrectness of the code through continuous integrationservices.
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- Oct 2018
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www.chi2005.org www.chi2005.org
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a design briefing a development methodology or tools an interaction technique an interactive system a reflective analysis results from fieldwork and ethnography, e.g., findings, guidelines, etc. results from laboratory studies, e.g., findings, techniques, methods, etc. theory or model.
type of contributions
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clinical.diabetesjournals.org clinical.diabetesjournals.org
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Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
ADA-EASD Consensus Report reflects current treatment recommendations as endorsed by the ADA and the PPC.
On October 5, 2018, the consensus report “Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: ADA-EASD Consensus Report 2018” was published. The consensus report was developed by a writing group consisting of representatives from the ADA and EASD. The consensus report addresses approaches to glycemic management in adults with type 2 diabetes with the goal of reducing complications and maintaining quality of life in the context of comprehensive cardiovascular risk management and patient-centered care. The ADA Professional Practice Committee (PPC) was involved in the review and approval of the final consensus report. The consensus recommendations and approach to glycemic management in adults with type 2 diabetes presented within the report reflects the current view of the ADA. Please find a link to the consensus document here: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dci18-0033
Reference:
Davies MJ, D’Alessio DA, Fradkin J, Kernan WN, Mathieu C, Mingrone G, Rossing P, Tsapas A, Wexler DJ, Buse JB: Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018: a consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care Oct 2018; DOI: 10.2337/dci18-0033
Rationale/Reason for Change:
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: ADA-EASD Consensus Report 2018 reflects current treatment recommendations as endorsed by the ADA and the PPC.
Annotation published: October 5, 2018. Annotation approved by PPC: September 20, 2018.
Suggested citation: American Diabetes Association. 8. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018 [web annotation]. Diabetes Care 2018;41(Suppl. 1):S73–S85. Retrieved from https://hyp.is/1p2zesvFEeioRdNqCoou5A/clinical.diabetesjournals.org/content/36/1/14
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runestone.academy runestone.academy
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You have to tell Java the type of the variable because Java needs to know how many bits to use and how to represent the value.
Why do we have to include the type when declaring a variable?
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- Mar 2018
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www.futuremedicine.com www.futuremedicine.com
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Cell-type deconvolution in epigenome-wide association studies: a review and recommendations
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Limits of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Gene Expression-Based Biomarkers
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URL
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- Nov 2017
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Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles
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- Aug 2017
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www.biovista.com www.biovista.com
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The first note in Biovista Vizit the free unbiased visual pubmed search tool using hypothes.is
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- Jul 2017
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redditblog.com redditblog.com
- Jan 2016
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Neurons within a type also tended to have the same dendritic arborization pattern and electrophysiological properties, but as for L23 interneurons, these properties were often not cell type–specific (figs. S3, C and F, and S4).
So, dendritic patterns not unique but axonal patterns unique.
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The remaining five types have not been previously described in L5, and we named them as follows: neurogliaform cells (L5NGCs), basket cells (L5BCs), shrub cells (SCs), horizontally elongated cells (HECs), and deep-projecting cells (DCs)
New classifications for layer 5 interneurons
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L23 Martinotti cells
Layer-based classification
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owever, many of them (~60%) had atypical axonal projection patterns compared to those previously described for SBCs, and their axon arborized mostly within L1, with only one or two side branches extending to deep layers (not deeper than L4). Despite their variable axonal projection patterns, non-neurogliaform L1 neurons shared similar dendritic and electrophysiological features (tables S1 and S2) and similar connectivity profiles (table S3) that correspond to SBCs in rat somatosensory cortex (5, 12). We thus refer to this group as SBC-like cells
Qualification: SBC-like cells
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neurogliaform cells
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- Dec 2015
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math.mit.edu math.mit.eduCT4S.pdf4
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Since ducks can both swim and fly, each duck is found twice inC, once labeled as aflyer and once labeled as a swimmer. The typesAandBare kept disjoint inC, whichjustifies the name “disjoint union.”
The disjoint union reminds me of algebraic datatypes in functional programming languages, whereas a set-theoretic union is more like a union in CS: the union has no label associated with it, so additional computation (or errors) may arise due to a lack of ready information about elements in the union.
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An aspect of a thingxis a way of viewing it, a particular way in whichxcan be regardedor measured. For example, a woman can be regarded as a person; hence “being a person”is an aspect of a woman. A molecule has a molecular mass (say in daltons), so “havinga molecular mass” is an aspect of a molecule. In other words, byaspectwe simply meana function. The domainAof the functionf:A—Bis the thing we are measuring, andthe codomain is the set of possible “answers” or results of the measurement.
Naïvely (since my understanding of type theory is naïve), this seems to mesh with the concepts of inheritance for the "is" relationships, and also with type-theory more generally for "has" relationships, since I believe we can view any object or "compound type", as defined here, as being a subtype of another type 'o' if one of its elements is of type 'o'. Though we have to be careful for functional mapping when thinking of aspects: we can't just say Int is an aspect of Pair(Int, Int), since this is ambiguous (there are two ints) --- we must denote which Int we mean.
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We represent eachtype as a box containing asingular indefinite noun phrase.
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In 1980 Joachim Lambek showed that the types and programs used in computerscience form a specific kind of category. This provided a new semantics for talking aboutprograms, allowing people to investigate how programs combine and compose to createother programs, without caring about the specifics of implementation. Eugenio Moggibrought the category theoretic notion of monads into computer science to encapsulateideas that up to that point were considered outside the realm of such theory.
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- Jul 2015
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www.bramstein.com www.bramstein.com
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The line breaking algorithm can also be used to correct the line breaks made by the browser. The easiest way to do is to split a text up into lines and adjust the CSS word-spacing property. Unfortunately, Webkit based browsers do not support sub-pixel word-spacing. Alternatively, we can absolute position each word or split the line into segmants with integer word spacing. You can see the latter approach in action on the Flatland line breaking example.
Notes on how to apply TeX line-breaking algorithm to web content by using CSS word-spacing property
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- Apr 2015
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www.documentcloud.org www.documentcloud.org
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Min Dev Agreement
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- Feb 2014
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ubuntuone.com ubuntuone.com
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Chapter 1, The Art of Community We begin the book with a bird’s-eye view of how communities function at a social science level. We cover the underlying nuts and bolts of how people form communities, what keeps them involved, and the basis and opportunities behind these interactions. Chapter 2, Planning Your Community Next we carve out and document a blueprint and strategy for your community and its future growth. Part of this strategy includes the target objectives and goals and how the community can be structured to achieve them. PREFACE xix Chapter 3, Communicating Clearly At the heart of community is communication, and great communicators can have a tremendously positive impact. Here we lay down the communications backbone and the best practices associated with using it
Reading the first 3 chapters of AoC for discussion in #coasespenguin on 2013-02-11.
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