Shilpa Shah
https://www.facebook.com/groups/4212771105411319/posts/27689793753949057/
Tom Hanks' love of typewriters by [[CBS Sunday Morning]] by Lee Cowan
https://www.youtube.com/live/biGALFxtits?si=Ho_8f94REtZ5SAiD&t=3889
Advice for type-ins
LIVE: Joe Van Cleave at Typewriter Muse
Attended in person 2026-06-13 at Typewriter Muse in Riverside, CA
A bundle is conformant with OKF v0.1 if: Every non-reserved .md file in the tree contains a parseable YAML frontmatter block. Every frontmatter block contains a non-empty type field
只有两条一致性要求,其中实质性的只有一条:每个概念文档必须有type字段。这个极简的conformance定义是深思熟虑的结果。强约束会阻止采用(谁愿意为了符合规范而重写现有的知识库),弱约束会导致互操作失败(消费方不知道如何解析)。type字段是这个平衡点:它足够告诉消费方「这是什么类型的概念」,从而实现基本的路由和过滤,同时不限制生产方在其他维度上的自由。一个只有一个必填字段的规范,是格式能够得到广泛采用的重要前提。
Get things covered up. Gloves on and fan cranking. Pre wipe as much as you can off the top. You want to keep gunk out of the segment. This one is not going to be too hard, as the typebars don't run downhill. Brush, blow, repeat. Swap out for clean brushes often. Time for the brass, And save the "you're going to damage the slugs" bs. A brass wheel will do nothing to the slugs except make your life easier. Inspect and time for the pick. Use your phone and take a pic. Inspect the vowels closely. Brush, blow and repeat. Are they clean? If you are looking at a FBM "professionally serviced machine," look those slugs over. If they can't clean the slugs, what can they do? Now you are ready to wipe each typebar with the solvent rag. Cleaning the slug under the typeface is the worst part of it. People will clean the typeface and let years of junk build up underneath. Now you are ready to tackle the segment.
via James Grooms at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1tsct5a/lets_clean_some_slugs/
https://www.typewritersanonymous.com/about<br /> Typewriters Anonymous
Tom Hanks delivers autographed typewriter to Portland shop<br /> by [[Devon Haskins]]<br /> accessed on 2025-09-18T20:31:03h
Thank you very much for publishing this manuscript on bioRxiv. I consider it regrettable to continue promoting the existence of the type III effector XopAZ, as the only evidence reported to date comes from a poster abstract at the 2017 APS Annual Meeting. This protein, which is thought to be an FKBP-like peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, is even conserved in Escherichia coli K-12, a bacterium lacking a type III secretion system. I doubt that this is a type III effector.
https://www.acmetypemachines.com/restoration-process<br /> archive copy
a reasonably nice list of typewriter adjustments for a restored machine
Mayer then provided an address where you can write to him: P.O. Box 3784, Beverly Hills, CA 90212, United States.
Katie Fetterly, Typewriter Alliance <br /> Typewriter Collector<br /> eBay: https://www.ebay.com/usr/typewriter_alliance<br /> Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/typewriter_alliance/<br /> TWdB: https://typewriterdatabase.com/typewriters.php?hunter_search=5797
Has a collection of over 300+ typewriters in her home.
Various typewriter type foundries and foundry marks, excerpt from the Haas Atlas.
https://archive.org/details/typewriter-foundry-marks-haas/mode/1up
https://www.facebook.com/groups/1794856020751839/posts/4424498594454222/
Royal Canterbury pica - PC<br /> Royal Semi-Gothic pica - P SG
https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/posts/10163497490649678/
Royal Pica Italic typeface example with P1 as a foundry mark on the slugs.
I've had the same issue after taking mine completely apart. I can see the the a is too high, and the o and p are too low. This will happen the the type guide isn't in the correct position, and on your machine, it looks like it needs to be adjusted to the right, to bring the left side of the kb down, and the right side up. It's a fiddly process, and a small adjustment makes a big difference, so take it slow. Use the q and p keys as they are further apart on the segment. Give it a try and come back here to show the results.
via u/guneeyoufix at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1s6irjx/can_someone_help_me_with_unaligned_letters_on_my/
as a reply to u/Fit_Artichoke_8668 with respect to unaligned letters on a Corona 3 typewriter. The typing line of the lowercase was very wavy (up and down), so not simply a case of on feet or motion.

Any patient with chest or back pain with a known or suspected thoracic aorta aneurysm must be brought to the hospital and undergo urgent imaging studies to rule out the aneurysm as a cause of the pain
elective surgical repair is suggested at 5.5 cm in patients without underlying connective tissue disorders, with earlier intervention at 4.5-5.0 cm in patients with connective tissue disorders or bicuspid aortic valve
Raymonds Office Machines<br /> Darwin Raymond 1 (970) 945-5872
example of a slug swap from a Montgomery Ward 440 to a Smith-Corona Clipper https://www.facebook.com/groups/TypewriterCollectors/posts/10163202931304678/
My typewriter was already repaired by Ruben of US Office Machines, but it'd be nice to stop by Muse, maybe pick a ribbon or a mat up and look around.
u/loveucrispina at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1qtbwq3/comment/o365fib/?context=1
6:22 "what I think a lot of people don't understand is, when you take all of these different datasets, and you start to overlay them on top of each other, pattern recognition, calculator brain being one of the things that I'm gifted with, is you get to the conclusions that one must draw when you start layering all the different datasets on top of each other like lasagna, is, this place is going to shit, and it's going to shit pretty quickly. There's a lot of information being thrown out as far as 2027 is concerned with the timeline."
general intelligence versus special intelligence. maximum abstraction. global view. wholistic view. element fire @ alchemy. intuiting @ carl jung. role model @ Martin Gerlach 2018. communist @ hans eysenck.
The biggest misconception about information is that information is truth and information isn't truth. Most information is not truth. The truth is a very rare and costly and expensive type of information.
for - comparison - information and truth - truth is a very special type of information
Symptom: Ghosting lines overlaying typed text:
This is assuredly not a type slug cleaning issue and the secret is that the loops in the letters like "a", "e", "o", etc. are clear. The lines are caused by the paper not being held to the platen, so when the slug hits, you're getting ink from the other part of the slug transferring to the paper. The remedy is to tuck the paper underneath the paper bale and rollers.
If one still sees issues after this then check your manual to ensure that the ribbon is properly threaded followed by a check that the ribbon vibrator isn't bent too far away from the typing point and too close to the platen and causing the ribbon to rub against the paper.
https://www.facebook.com/groups/721704878218903/posts/2896289730760396/
Cleaning Type Slugs Fast ! Removing Clogged Dirty Ink Typewriter Service How to Shine Those Faces by [[Phoenix Typewriter]]
Duane cleans type slugs by draping the typewriter with cloths and then using a metal bristle brush and lacquer thinner. Small picks or an X-Acto knife can help to remove gunk from the interiors of the closed letters.
He also uses tape to cover up the red paint on the word "De Luxe" so that the lacquer thinner doesn't damage it.
He finishes off with a small shot of Nu-trol, which is a degreaser with some lubrication, and then follows up with a shot of compressed air to thin it out.
Type Townsend Studio<br /> https://www.typetownsendstudio.com/
Maybe we will look it over at the next SoCal type-in.
https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1n5ytpl/yet_another_typeface_inquiry/
u/HumorPuzzleheaded407 is in/near SoCal
ABQ Museum Type In - YouTube<br /> by [[Joe Van Cleave]] <br /> accessed on 2025-08-29T18:30:27
Soldering Typeface to Typebar & Use of Type Gauge S-221<br /> by [[Ted Munk]]<br /> accessed on 2025-08-05T07:58:31
https://www.typewriterfeet.com/<br /> Antony Valoppi
you can adjust the strike of individual typebars by either filing or peening the ring-stop tab, file to hit harder & peen to lighten it. for your situation, you will want to file the ring-stop down a bit; make sure to tilt the machine up(or on its side) so the debris created doesn’t fall down into the pivot segment, then blow the area out with compressed air. if you go to Hobby Lobby or an RC model shop, you should be able to get a cheap set of needle files which will do the job; follow up with 600-800 grit sandpaper to remove burrs
via u/TypewriterJustice at https://reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1m1w6s2/tune_up_key_strokes/n42glpz/

roller pliers are for adjusting the height of individual letters(increasing the arc to lower & decreasing arc to raise, which in extreme case can then require adjustment of the slug to put it ‘square’ again relative to the platen) adjusting the strike for most models is done by either filing or peening the ring-stop tab near the base of the typebar(as is the case for OP’s smith corona)
via u/TypewriterJustice https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1m1w6s2/tune_up_key_strokes/
San Diego, California.
https://typewriterdatabase.com/typewriters.php?hunter_search=7870
GK Mandigo
also u/HumorPuzzleheaded407 <br /> with link via https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1m10qih/comment/n3hni2q/
jbird8550 0 points1 point2 points an hour ago (0 children)also, Idk where you are, I am quoting Southern California prices
https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1m0majf/is_it_worth_it_underwood_for_99/
u/jbird8550 is in Southern California
https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1lyef05/slug_work/
James Grooms use a brass wheel brush on his Dremel tool for cleaning his typeslugs.
Event by Indy Type Shop, Siren Hand and 2 others2621 Shelby St, Indianapolis, IN, United States, Indiana 46203Duration: 9 hrPublic · Anyone on or off Facebook14 MAY | 11a-8p | GRAND OPENING!2621 Shelby Street, Indianapolis 46203Indy Type Shop opens its doors for regular business hours, starting 11am May 14th.
grand opening of Indy Type Shop in Indianapolis, IN on 2025-05-14<br /> https://www.facebook.com/events/9811716722250635/
I saw one last week at Gary’s Typewriters in Long Beach, Ca. - someone just gave it to him as a joke or something - his review: “They ought to be ashamed of themselves!” I tried it, and he was being generous. It’s a piece of garbage. For the money you can get a nice restored machine. Or you could just light your money on fire. Either way it’d be a better experience.
u/georgeisamonkey is in the LA area https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1lenfgq/why_does_every_new_typewriter_look_like_garbage/
typewriter repairman here - with magnification & needle files it is sometimes possible to reshape the squashed portion of the slug(which usually requires repositioning it afterwards to get an even print) but my advice is to embrace it as part of what makes that particular machine unique…there’s literally no such thing as perfection, and twenty years from now you’ll be able to look at something you wrote & go “ohhhh this was done on that Olivetti…” (and yes, you could also replace the slug completely, but that’s a whole different can of worms)
via TypewriterJustice at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1lb8brp/type_slug_question/
Spring 2025 ABQ Type-In by [[Joe Van Cleave]]
Public libraries are an excellent place and resource for hosting type-ins.
Joe uses slips of paper so as not to be as wasteful of paper.
Develop a mailing list to be able to contact people for future events.
Joe having his other hip replacement surgery in July 2025, so perhaps not as much activity for him just after.
https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1kvhyol/anybody_else_used_these/
NOS Scotch Typewriter Cleaner No. 575
May 2025 Cherry Hills Library Type-In by [[Joe Van Cleave]]
marcivogel2
tinyrooster[S] 0 points1 point2 points 2 hours ago (2 children)Also, did you do the type in yesterday? The heat was brutal in Pasadena. I meant to go but the heat kept me inside.
u/tinyrooster is in the Pasadena, CA area
https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1kk35vo/comment/mrsd3yc/?context=3
antiphony 0 points1 point2 points 4 days ago (0 children)count me in - i will bring my flying fish 200
u/antiphony has a Flying Fish 200 typewriter
whiteyak41[S] 2 points3 points4 points 15 days ago (0 children)Oh cool, that's right by the train station. My Olympias and I may have to make an appearance.
u/whiteyak41 from San Diego with Olympias
LaPierre, Suzanne S. “BiblioTech: Typewriters in Libraries.” Computers in Libraries 45, no. 2 (March 2025): 24–26. https://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/mar25/index.shtml.
The store offers maintenance and repair lessons to the public (including Philadelphia school students). The shop hosts poetry nights, open mics, comedy shows and other events. It even offers typewriters to public places such as bookstores, libraries and coffeeshops to bring the machines back into the collective consciousness.
Humble_Tomorrow_7677
RSVP'd for 2025-05-10 with possibly a couple of others (via chat)
https://www.reddit.com/user/lou_spirito/
Lives in OC near Angels Stadium
Two poets to open a typewriter and book shop in Garfield Park by [[Sophie Young]]
recently opened typewriter repair shops, 2025
Don't use the timestamp type to store timestamps, use timestamptz (also known as timestamp with time zone) instead.
Don't use the type varchar(n) by default. Consider varchar (without the length limit) or text instead.
LogInternational2253 0 points1 point2 points 2 hours ago (0 children)Chandler AZ https://typecast.munk.org/2025/03/23/type-in-report-chandler-public-library-local-author-fair-type-in/?unapproved=214363&moderation-hash=308ce10a9ad2d68dea04b55046cf88e1#comment-214363
Based on this comment and link,
u/LogInternational2253 is Jared C Riddle from Arizona.
Be sure to invite to Los Angeles type-ins.
79 View upvote and downvote totals. This answer is not useful Save this answer. Show activity on this post. Generally, there is no downside to using text in terms of performance/memory. On the contrary: text is the optimum. Other types have more or less relevant downsides. text is literally the "preferred" type among string types in the Postgres type system, which can affect function or operator type resolution.
Don't add a length modifier to varchar if you don't need it. (Most of the time, you don't.) Just use text for all character data. Make that varchar (standard SQL type) without length modifier if you need to stay compatible with RDBMS which don't have text as generic character string type.
I rant against 255 occasionally. Sure, there used to be some reasons for '255', but many are no longer valid, and even counter-productive.
Beyond the Type-In by [[Woz Flint]]
Matthew also introduced the Type-Away—quiet, dedicated time and space to work on writing projects without distraction. These once-a-month gatherings take place in a library meeting room, as opposed to a coffee shop, to provide an atmosphere for focused writing.
before the internet it was impossible really I mean getting coring people into town halls regularly that would have been a hard thing to do anyway online made a bit easier but now with aii we can actually all engage with each other AI can be used to harvest the opinions of millions of people at the same time and distill those opinions into a consensus that might be agreeable to the vast majority
for - claim - AI for a new type of democracy? - progress trap - AI - future democracy
The pair have organized several typewriter “petting zoos,” public events allowing people to try out the machines, and Diven said they have been popular across generations, drawing curiosity and suggesting an alternative to the dominance of digital media.
The Hermes 3000 repair manual has a really good section on type alignment including tools, according to Joe Van Cleave. (9:17)
serve files from source code hostings with proper Content-Type headers
Spirited-Poem15
Disease: Von-willebrand Disorder Type 2B, Noncanonical
Patient: 55 YO, Italian male
Note: these heterozygous variants are in cis mutations
Variant1: VWF NM_000552.5 c.2771G>A p.(R924Q), in exon 21, D'D3 domain affected
Variant2: VWF NM_000552.5 c.6532G>T p.(A2178S), in exon 37, D4 domain affected
Phenotypes: Mucosal and cutaneous bleeding, low VWF antigent and VWF activity, mild thrombocytopenia, increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, deficiency in high-molecular-weight multimers. Epistaxis, repeated GI bleeding, easy bruising, ISTH BAT score of 7.
Note: Proband initially diagnosed with VWD type 1 in 2010 but later re-diagnosed as VWD-Type 2.
Family: No reported family history of bleeding, parents unable to be included in family work-up as they were deceased by time of study. Paternity test was performed for family, parental link established. Patient's daughter does not present the same mutation noted in proband but has heterozygous polymorphic variant inherited from mother which is: VWF NM_000552.5 c.3379C>T p.(P1127S), in exon 25. Daughter did not show menorrhagia or hemorrhagic disorder except for large hematoma on the thigh after trauma of moderate intensity.
Molecular workup: Paternity test, Sanger-sequencing to validate genetic variants, multimer analysis with electrophoresis, platelet aggregation analysis with Ristocetin, electron micrographs to observe conformation differences.
Prediction workup: Structural analysis with I-TASSER modeling program to identify perturbed structure. A2178S is predicted as tolerated in all in-silico systems used.
Database Information: Effect of the R924Q mutation is noted in literature database but has contradicting reports of effects altering VWF levels. Some studies do report it as a polymorphic variant
Variant is present in dbSNP database (rs33978901). MAF in European population 0.01< MAF< 0.02
Effect of A2178S variant is present in dbSNP database (rs34230288), MAF = 0.02 in European population.
Disease for patient 1: Von Willebrand Disease Type1, transmitter VWD-type 3
Disease for patient 2: Von Willebrand Disease Type 3
Patient1: 90 YO female (Afro-Caribbean)
Patient2: 40 YO female (Afro-Caribbean)
Notes multiple variants in the VWF gene but have focused on variants in the D4 domain. However cannot discount the impact of some other variants.
Variant 1: VWF NM_000552.5: c.6647del p.(Cys2216Phefs*9), results in VWF protein missing D4 domain and C-terminal end of molecule
Phenotype patient 1: Reduced VWF levels in VWF:Ag, VWF:ristocetin cofactor, FVIII:C, FVIII(VWF:FVIIIB). Bleeding score 0, required Helixate treatment before and after receiving surgery.
Variant 2: VWF NM_000552.5: c.6432dup p.(Pro2145Thrfs*5)
Three sequence variations in family study showed other variants highlighted p.(Cys1149Arg) and p.(Pro2145Thrfs*5) are not on the same allele.
Does have other variants in VWF but they are stated by authors to not be detrimental. p.(Val510=) is noted to be potentially deleterious.
Phenotype patient 2: severely reduced VWF levels, absence of multimers, bleeding score 32, epistaxis, bruising, oral cavity bleeding, prolonged bleeding from minor wounds, menorrhagia, hemarthrosis, ankle arthropathy.
Suggests premature termination codons in these variants may lead to NMD but that this mechanism was found to be PTC position-dependent. Degradation was not 100% and need to perform cellular experiments.
inode71 1 point2 points3 points 13 hours ago (1 child)Which city? I’m in LA so if it’s northern OC I’m interested.
Disease: Von-willebrand Disorder Type 3
Patient: 26 yo, female
Variant: VWF NM_000552.5 c:997+118 T>G g.(6073501 A>C), homozygous, intronic
Phenotypes: No detectable VWF in plasma, early onset bleeding complications, epistaxis, easy bruising, bleeding following injury, menorrhagia, iron-deficient anemia
Note: underwent prophylaxis replacement therapy, on-demand antihemorrhagic treatments, oral contraceptives, and replacement therapy.
Family: not mentioned
Predictions:
VEP SpliceAI tool predicted variant likely deleterious (delta score 0.95)
Used Polyphen-2 and SIFT which determined pathogenic likelihood.
Neural Network Splicing, Alternative Splice Site Predictor, plug-in MaxEnt(For 5' donor site) of Human Splicing Finder all concur this variant can create a new donor splice site in intron 8. Contains premature stop codon and susceptible to NMD.
Functional work:
qRT-PCR performed to identify levels of VWF in IP-derived endothelial cells.
histochemical immunostaining for IP-derived endothelial cells confirm no VWF production, only a residual amount present. Suggests leaky mutation.
performed RNA sequencing to assess co-regulated gene networks
Disease: Von-willebrand Disorder Type 2M
Patient1: 13 YO male
Patient2: 16 YO female
Note they are siblings
Variant: VWF NM_000552.5: c.5192C>T p.(Ser1731Leu), heterozygous variant, in A3 domain in exon 30
Phenotype patient 1: several bleedings after tosillectomy, recurrent epistaxis, decreased VWF:CB ratio, decreased VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio
Phenotype patient 2: menorrhagia, intermittent gum bleeding, easy bruising, decreased VWF:CB ratio, decreased VWF:CB/VWF:Ag ratio
For both patients: VWF:CB ratio corresponds to collagen type 1, multimer analysis was normal, VWF:Ag, VWF:Ac, and factor VIII activity was normal.
Family: Not listed
Present in dbSNP (rs764077750)
Present in gnomAD, rare MAF (ALL: 0.0012%)
Predictions:
SIFT- predicted deleterious (Score 0.01, median 3.34)
MutationTaster- Predicted disease causing (probability score 1)
PolyPhen2- Predicted probably damaging (Score 0.983)
CADD score- 26.5
Authors mention similar AA substitutions at the p.1731 position which leads to reduced binding of VWF to collagen in other patients.
Authors also cite a functional human cell experiment in COS7 cell line which resulted in functional VWF defect.
Authors conclude this novel variant as likely pathogenic.
endomorph body type = good weight gainers = bad weight losers.<br /> thats the whole secret of the "fat acceptance" tragedy / comedy.
Disorder studied: Type 1 von Willebrand disease (T1-VWD).
Type of study: Translational
Model organism: Mouse (inbred strains) Obtained from Jackson Laboratory
Analyses:
VWF plasma protein quantitation (ELISA)
Hertiability calculations
PCR genotyping
QTL analysis
Allele-specific primer extension analysis
Results:
Identified new modifier of VWF known as (Mvwf5). Also found two loci unliked to Vwf known as (Mvwf6-7)
Mice with this variant displayed statistically significant decrease in VWF levels, recapitulating the decreasing patterns displayed in humans.
However, another strain of inbred mice with a different mutation did not show an age-dependent decrease in VWF. Suggests strain-specific differences in regulation of VWF levels over time.
Mvwf5 is a cis-regulatory variant altering Vwf mRNA expression.
This is a natural variant of the Vwf allele among inbred strains of mice. Found this variant causes elevation in steady-state levels of Vwf mRNA.
Authors state findings show equivalent of of type 1 VWD is remarkably common in mice and humans. ALso state the Mvwf1 analysis in wild mouse populations suggest this locus is under selective pressure.
Of the 5 potential modifier loci identified, 3 display conservation of synteny with potential human modifier loci.
On most real life projects, the speed of development is easily worth an occasional corner case bug with an unexpected nil value … except when it isn’t.
speed of development vs. safety
If you've been dreaming of plunging into this profession, consider the success of Paul Lundy, who took over Bremerton Office Machine Company from nonagenarian Bob Montgomery; or Antony Valoppi, creator of Portland's Type Space, which combines a traditional typewriter shop with a cultural center; or Trevor Brumfield, a young man in his late twenties who has quickly built Dayton's TB Writers Plus into a busy enterprise.
Hulse Manufacturing Co.<br /> 15 Lewis Street<br /> Geneva, NY
manufactured steel type for typewriters, adding machines, check protectors, etc.
https://discord.com/channels/639936208734126107/639939010541649951/1288998274916683886
Typewriter Basics: Carriage Locks by [[Sarah Everett]] of [[Just My Typewriter]]
Sarah describes having a common spacebar issue when repairing a typewriter, bending the spacebar down which causes the machine not to work/advance as a result when it's put back into the typewriter shell.
Sarah also shows some type bar benders, but doesn't demonstrate how she (or her father) used them to do the repair.
ROYAL KMM Replacing Type Bar Link Remove Arm Repaired Typewriter by [[Phoenix Typewriter]]
This is roughly what I expected to be the case. I've got to shift the fulcrum pivot wire so I can reattach my Q and @ on a Royal KMG.
Roughly similar to Gerren's video on swapping out typefaces, but with a slightly different technique for speed of doing that. See: https://hypothes.is/a/I_-9rBV2Ee-eMotzy9_Z-Q
How To Guide- Swapping Type Bars on a Manual Typewriter -Full tips and tricks by [[The HotRod Typewriter Co.]]
Usually the keys on most typewriters are friction fit on and come off pretty easily. The tougher part is that the slugs are soldered onto the typebars, so you'll need to remove them and swap them with a soldering arm. Even if you have the soldering tools, the more trying part is aligning them properly when putting them back on. Many old school shops have/had custom jigs made for properly aligning slugs when soldering them on.
If you don't have the tools, patience or facility, this is usually something best left to your favorite shop: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-repair.html
reply to u/fontinalispluma at https://old.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1gb3dwc/change_the_keys_and_type_slugs/
Smith Corona Typewriters 1935 - 1980 Type Alignment / Shift Motion Upper Lower Case Adjustment by [[Phoenix Typewriter]]
Duane starts out by showing the two adjustment screws for the upper and lower case motion adjustment on a 5 Series Smith-Corona portable. (This should be the same across several decades of machines and include the 4 and 6 series as well.)
Type bar plier adjustments up and down demonstrated at about 7:00
Dolettersin alinesometimesstart nicely,thenrundownhill?Thiscan’thappenifyouuse theline-spacinglever,insteadofrollingthepaper throughwiththecylinderknob.Inthelatter case, the rollerthatlocksthespacingofthe linesmaycometorest on topofaratchettooth,insteadofsettlingbetweentwoofthem.Whenthemachinestarts, thevibration graduallyjarsthecylinderarounduntilitreachesitsnormal position—droppinglettersasitturns.
Check the alignment of the type by striking eachcharacter between the straight-sided letter "N"
Cakedinkmayberemovedwithtypeputty,alcohol,carbontetrachloride,oroneoftheproprietarydry-cleaningfluids,appliedwithabrush.Pressthetypeputtyontothetype,peelitoff,andthecakedinkcomeswithit.Ifyouusealiquid,firstliftthetypeandputpaperunderitto prevent dirt from dripping into the machine. When using type-cleaning fluid, be sure toWipe the type dry with a cloth before using the place paper under type to prevent dirt frommachine again.
dry cleaning solvents in 1941 were likely Varsol or Stoddard's Formula.
compare to trichloroethane<br /> https://hypothes.is/a/EyBIAFXAEe-AcP-Atlj_aQ
Note discontinuation of carbon tetrachloride<br /> https://hypothes.is/a/bfdi_I90Ee-OQLN0HpsE7Q
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride or carbon tet is a non-flammable, dense, colorless liquid which was often used as a cleaning agent in the mid 1900s, but was phased out due to safety and environmental concerns. High exposure can affect the central nervous system and cause damage to the liver and kidneys. Prolonged exposure can be fatal.
Hints for a Happy Typewriter<br /> Bryan Kravitz, Nancy Gorrell, 1983<br /> https://typewriterdatabase.com/1983-Hints4HappyTypewriter.index.manual
Some good, basic home care and use from 1983. Home mechanics in 2024 are probably capable of a bit more without the backstop of a typewriter mechanic.
This guide suggest the use of solvents like alcohol or trichloroethane for cleaning type slugs and internals. Note that trichloroethane manufacture and use has diminished significantly since 1996 when it was identified by the Montreal Protocol as a contributor to ozone depletion.
When doing type alignment, Duane Jensen was taught to use an old/used ribbon instead of a new, wet/dark ribbon for better performance in testing. New ribbons don't show the differences as well.
He's noticed that ribbon from Around the Office are dreadful.
New Selectric Type Elements by [[Joe Van Cleave]]
JVC tries out a new 3D printed type element in an IBM Selectric he got from David Hayden
David Hayden <br /> Austin Selectric Rescue<br /> https://selectricrescue.org/
Custom type elements for the IBM Selectric
ᔥ[[Joe Van Cleave]] in New Selectric Type Elements<br /> (accessed:: 2024-10-19 11:42:15)
Custom 3D Printed Selectric Elements are HERE! (Vogue! Papyrus!) by [[Theodore Munk]]
Advanced Typing: Duplicating and Manuscript. Vol. MN-1512d, 1943. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ve5JnTUzvo.
Before writing stencils, be sure to clean your type. (Don't use liquid solvent.)
Be sure to place the cushion sheet properly behind the stencil.
Place the paper bail rollers at the extreme left and right of the stencil to prevent them from marking the master.
For errors, rub individual characters separately with a burnisher using a circular motion.
Hectograph masters, Hectograph ribbon (ditto ribbon)
Wax pencils
20% more type on a page with elite than 10 inch pica.
Pica allows approximately 26-40 lines on standard letterhead giving 300-450 words to a page.
Special characters: - o for degrees ' and " for feet and inches or minutes and seconds along with superscript - division: - backspace colon - pound sterling: L backspace f - exclamation point: period backspace ' - equal sign: hyphen backspace variable hyphen - paragraph mark: P backspace I
proofreaders' marks<br /> # followed by a number is used to mean insert that number of spaces
Centering timestamp 19:37
Basic Typing: Machine Operation. 16 mm. Vol. MN-1512b, 1943. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-REJEArnjE.
Type pacer timestamp 4:12
"Your head is the most important part of your typing." - Lenore Fenton
"Your typewriter does exactly what you make it do, but it does no more" - Lenore Fenton <br /> This is very similar to quotes about computer programs at the end of the 20th century too.
The touch characteristics for the manual, the noiseless, and the electric are all slightly different.
1962 Vintage IBM Typewriter Training Film IBM Selectric Proper Typing Procedures, w/ Bud McDole by [[Computer History Archives Project]]
Right at the Typewriter. 16 mm. San Francisco, CA: KQED, 1962. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPfHAW_OfGo.
On manual typewriters one "snaps" the keys while on an electric keyboard one "taps" the keys for maximum speed and accuracy.
Overview of functionality of an IBM typewriter.
To add longevity to one's carbon papers they should be rotated both top to bottom and front to back within one's packs.
Use plastic type cleaner, meant for cleaning type slugs, to clean the excess ink from a typewriter. Form it into a point and press it to the letter to erase several times. Then erase with eraser shield and eraser.
To type to the very bottom of the page, particularly with a carbon pack, to prevent slippage at the bottom, insert a "trailer sheet" about halfway down the first page. Insert it at the back of the pack just behind the original and between the first carbon sheet.
For typing small sheets of paper (index cards) fold a pleat into a regular sheet of paper and use the lip to hold the smaller sheet you're typing on.
To more quickly type envelopes, do the first then reverse the platen so that only about an inch of the top of the envelope is visible. Then insert the next envelope behind the first and continue reversing the platen. This will allow the finished envelopes to stack at the paper table and speed the threading and typing of envelopes in rapid succession.
Use of the divots on the typing guide for making horizontal or vertical lines while moving the carriage or rotating the platen respectively.
How to change the typeball and the ribbon cartridge on the IBM selectric.
Disease: Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) type 1
Patient(s): 13 yo, female and 14 yo, female, both Italian
Variant: VWF NM_000552.5: c.820A>C p. (Thr274Pro)
Dominant negative effect
Heterozygous carrier
Variant located in the D1 domain on VWF
Phenotypes:
heterozygous carriers have no bleeding history
reduced VWF levels compatible with diagnosis of VWD type 1
increased FVIII:C/VWF:Ag ratio, suggests reduced VWF synthesis/secretion as possible phathophysiological mechanism
Normal VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio
Modest alteration of multimeric pattern in plasma and platelet multimers
plasma VWF showed slight increase of LMWM and decrease of IMWM and HMWM
Platelet VWF showed quantitative decrease of IMWM, HMWM, and UL multimers
In silico analysis:
SIFT, ALIGN, GVD Polyphen 2.0, SNP&GO, Mutation Taster, Pmut all suggest damaging consequences.
PROVEAN and Effect suggest neutral effect
according to ACMG guidelines this variant was classified as pathogenic
The 2024 Phoenix Type-In by [[Joe Van Cleave]]
Bob had a machine that was supposed to be 1.27 but was measured at 1.259 when pulled off. So shrinkage of platens can be roughly fifteen hundredths of an inch (0.015" or about 0.4mm)
Bob at Typewriter Muse custom tunes platens to the typewriter. Only place doing platens outside of JJ Short.
JVC's partner took him to the Phoenix Type-in for her birthday.
grandfather started in the 40s<br /> bill started in 73<br /> part time help to 92 and now by himself<br /> does his benchwork after hours and chats during the day
adding machine database consideration
looking for service manuals for: - royal portables 50-59<br /> - skyriter 40s / 50s<br /> - sm9 service manual
Royal Mercury manual is a clear, well-written manual. The Smith-Corona series 5 typewriter manuals are great too, though a bit more dense.
Brian Goode and Christy organized this year's Phoenix Type-In.
this article reveals howcommon themes are being discursively constructed in relation to the future of public libraries,maker cultures, and informal learning. The analysis highlights tensions and questions thatemerge through the discursive construction of making, makers, and makerspaces in the field oflibrary and information studies. The article employs discourse analysis to examine professionallibrary journal articles and blog posts published from 2011–14 that focus on makerspaces inpublic libraries.
This section of the abstract highlights that the article is a literature review that will be looking at other published articles on Maker education
Disease: Von-willebrand Disorder, type 1
Patient 1 Variant: VWF NM_000552.5: c.4135C>T p.(Arg1379Cys) Exon 28
Family: History not mentioned
Patient 1 phenotype: near normal VWF:Ag and WVF:RCo levels RIPA within normal range Platelet VWF levels were normal normal pattern for multimeric analysis of plasma Slightly reduced VWF levels
In silico predictions available:
I-Mutant 3.0 value = -1.36 PYMOL prediction = substitution of ARG 1379 with a cysteine results in the loss of hydrogen bonds with Lys1407 and Lys1408, predicted change in secondary structure of A1 domain
heterozygous c.G380A variant in GP1BA (NM_000173.7) (Figure 1B), resulting in a missense substitution of an arginine with a glutamine at position 127
Disease: platelet-type von Willebrand disease (PT-VWD)
Patient: 14 yo, Male
Variant: GP1BA NM_000173.7:c.389G>A p.(Arg127Gln), Heterozygous, Gain-of-Function (GOF)
Located in LRR5 domain of GP1BA
Family: Mother did not refer any bleeding symptoms (variant absent in mother) Father not available for collection of clinical history or platelet function testing
Smith Corona Typewriter Changeable Type Slugs Faces Styles Demo by [[Phoenix Typewriter]]
Short demo of changing the typeface on the Smith-Corona 6 series+ using the Smith-Corona Changeable Type functionality.
Type-in activities:<br /> - learning about typewriters, both using and how they work;<br /> - demonstrations of typewriter maintenance, cleaning, how to change a ribbon, and small repairs for common problems - typewriter tool showcases - what tools might you need to maintain, clean, and repair your typewriter? - lots of machines to try out, which might best suit your writing style, and typing touch? If you don't have a typewriter, this is a great way to try some out before buying your first one - typewriter purchasing and collecting advice - encouraging typing as a distraction and screen-free writing tool - writing (fiction, non-fiction, poetry) along with potential writing prompts (this could dovetail in with other library-related writing endeavors); - A group story: A single typewriter is reserved to one side upon which each participant can contribute by typing a single sentence to create a collaborative/group story "exquisite corpse"-style; - typewriter art and arttyping - Speed typing contest (with small prizes) - We'll bring stationery (paper, envelopes, stamps) to encourage participants to type letters to friends or family (bring an address for someone you'd like to write to); - typewriter swap and sale (optional depending on the venue's perspective; sales are not the primary purpose here) - typewriter repairs using 3D printing or designing replacement parts (if the venue can support this) - typewriter handicrafts (typewriter covers and sewing/repairing cases) - typewriter resources (repair shops, where to find ribbon, how old is my machine?, et al.) - a possible typewriter mystery game? - share stories - encourage community
For a local library-specific type in:<br /> - library card applications which can be typewritten for potential patrons who don't have a library card - typewriter books (particularly if hosted at a library; place a hold on several typewriter-related books which attendees can browse through at the event and check out afterward) - 3D printing typewriter keys, spare parts; design of replacement parts for 3D printing
Attendees are encouraged to bring one (or many more of their own favorite manual typewriters) to use, showcase, or demonstrate to others, but having your own typewriter is NOT a requirement for attendance.
Here's example code which works around the lack of a ??= operator in the wild:
However, this idiom is only an approximation, and introduces subtle bugs when we try to allow false values:
false is a perfectly non-nil object, and you're excluding it out of convenience!
Joe Van Cleave hypothesizes that the slightly blurry and/or ghosting letters on typewriters may be the result of the typebar just hitting the typing guide and moving slightly as they do thereby creating issues with the type clarity.
blackgermansheperd40
in the LA area for potential type-ins
I visited the Supply Sergeant store on Hollywood Blvd yesterday, and for $15 they were selling a "regulator bag." This was 11 3/4" x 11 3/4" x 3". Perfect for carrying a Hermes Baby/Rocket! Here is another, but more expensive: https://www.akona.com/products/product?productId=11406
u/pbasch is in the LA area
fiels :tags, Array, of: String
https://www.typepals.com/<br /> Pen pals with typewriters
QWERTYFEST MKE 2024 by [[Richard Polt]]
Type bar bender<br /> https://www.rrtypewritermart.co.in/product/29583290/Type-Bar-Bender
A tool with degree measurements for bending typebars for placement into a basket. Could be used for bending bars for swapping QWERTY to QWERTZ.
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https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/14szjp/decided_to_share_one_of_mine/
Description and tools for swapping out typewriter slugs by soldering.
Typewriter / Typeface: The Legacy of the Writing Machine in Type Design by [[María Ramos]] on July 12, 2016
A.M. Cassandre and Imre Reiner designed two typefaces that included four different widths for the Olivetti Graphika. And W.A. Dwiggins worked on the design of proportional type for Remington Rand.
I love that Joe is helping out with a local school's analog typewriter club.
As for having a professional do the job, ask jewellers. If they do repairs on-site, they're likely used to doing precision welding and braising.
https://new.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/8t6ym5/dvorak_typewriters/
Joe Van Cleave shows how to raise/lower individual type slugs by bending the typebars, particularly the ones out toward the end, without using custom typewriter repair tools.
Two "5" keys (?!?) (SC Poweriter)
reply to u/Deep-Seaworthiness48 at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1e5gh4p/two_5_keys_sc_poweriter/

Things like that happened on alternate language/region typewriters. I've got a Dutch keyboard layout that repeats a % symbol twice.
It's likely that the pound symbol was needed/required so they pulled one from a pre-existing typeslug and key cap on a keyboard where the £/5 key was common and replaced the 1/! which in the era was widely known could be done by alternate means (aka lower case 'l' and '.' backspace '''.
The value of the £ was more important to the typist and because of typeface manufacture was probably easier to do in the £/5 existing combination from something like the English No. 1028, International No. 1060 keyboard, the Brazilian No. 1065, or the Danish No. 1047 all of which paired the £/5. See also: https://munk.org/typecast/2023/02/03/1954-smith-corona-scm-typewriter-type-styles-and-keyboards-catalog/
Off hand, I don't see another S-C keyboard combination from that time period that had a £ paired with any other glyph/character. In the "change-a-type" time period they likely wouldn't have done a custom black key for the £/5 when they were already manufacturing one in a matching white. If they didn't also swap out the key at the far right end of that bank, I would expect it to be a standard black '+/=' key cap and slug.
ribbon carrier (vibrator) not moving
reply to u/67comet at https://www.reddit.com/r/typewriters/comments/1e4hu0s/smith_corona_electra_120_ribbon_carrier_not_moving/
That piece is called a ribbon vibrator which moves the ribbon up and down. They generally operate on gravity and as a result they need to be clean and free from oil, gunk, hair, dust, etc. Usually they slide up and down freely. There's a colloquial saying in the typewriter space that "A typewriter isn't really broken unless it's clean and broken."
Occasionally ribbon vibrators can become bent which makes them inoperable and this can be remedied with some light forming (bending) with an appropriate screwdriver or needle nosed plier. You can search YouTube and you'll find a variety of videos for cleaning and forming these back into shape so that they slide cleanly.
As for your missing 1/! slug, it's unlikely that you'll find someone selling just the slug itself and then you'll need to solder it on perfectly and/or adjust it slightly with appropriate tools to get the right alignment. Far better is to check around with repair shops that might have the same or similar machines which they're parting out and then you could request one. Your best bet is to purchase the entire typebar and slug assembly from a donor machine which you can then swap out into your machine and skip the soldering. For this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFMu6dUROGA can give you tips.
To find donor machines, try repair shops on this list: https://site.xavier.edu/polt/typewriters/tw-repair.html
Royal Model "O" Typewriter Adjust Ribbon Lift for each Type Bar Lever, Works on Quite Deluxe too. by [[Phoenix Typewriter]]
Forming individual type bars, particularly for capital letters to get the tops to print evenly when they're more faint than other similar typefaces.
Watch Phoenix Typewriter in Remington Quiet-Riter Typewriter, Skipping Letters, Adjust Escapement, Type Bar Trip
Bruder, Jessica. “Click, Clack, Ding! Sigh ...” The New York Times, March 30, 2011, sec. Fashion. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/fashion/31Typewriter.html.
“Like a jam session for people who like typewriters,” said Michael McGettigan, 56, a local bike shop owner who came up with the idea. “You had unions do sit-ins and hippies do be-ins, so I thought, ‘We’ll do a type-in.’ ”
Notable is the fact that no top-level type fields exist in an ACDC. This is because the Schema, s, field itself is the type field for the ACDC and its parts
Polt, Richard. The Typewriter Revolution: A Typist’s Companion for the 21st Century. 1st ed. Woodstock, VT: Countryman Press, 2015.
annotation URL: urn:x-pdf:65fe580cf845ed035c4e57ad02a987cf

The term "Type-Out" was coined by Tom at Cambridge Typewriter in MA to refer to the practice of having a Type-In outside in the sunshine. The first such Type-Out was held in front of Cambridge Typewriter on Oct 22, 2011.
One of the first thing I noticed was the rubber on this foot was sticking. This is the resting spot for the basket shift. Moving it up or down will adjust where the lower case letters strike the platen. I removed the old sticky rubber. There are two adjustments here, you can’t see the other one, but it’s looks the same. One is for lower case letters the other is for upper case. This is called the “on feet” adjustment. If you ever have the top of an upper case letter not imprinting or not level with the lower case letters, look at this adjustment. A good way to tell is to type HhHh, and see if the bottoms of the letters line up.
TWVS Episode 20 - Adjusting Upper and Lower Case Positions by [[Joe Van Cleave]]
https://archive.org/details/run-de-1986-10/page/120/mode/2up
"RUN – Unabhängiges Commodore Computermagazin", Ausgabe 10/Oktober 1986, which has a hexdump code listing of a C64 Zettelkasten
ᔥ[Michael Gisiger[]] in mastodon: (@gisiger@nerdculture.de)
Lust auf #Retrocomputing und #PKM mit einem #Zettelkasten? Bitte schön, in der Oktober-Ausgabe 1986 des #Commodore Magazins RUN findet sich ein Listing für den #C64 dazu. Viel Spass beim Abtippen 😅
https://archive.org/details/run-de-1986-10/page/120/mode/2up
See additional conversation at: https://www.reddit.com/r/c64/comments/1bg0ja1/does_anyone_have_the_zettelkasten_program_from/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x&context=3
Try the TOSEC archive for C64. You will also find that in the archive. I think they have a lot of those type-ins as .prg files so you can mount them in VICE and run them.
https://www.reddit.com/r/c64/comments/1bg0ja1/does_anyone_have_the_zettelkasten_program_from/
taste. its a matter of taste, aka personality type.<br /> some people see life as a game of patience, they seek security, stability, monotony, linearity.<br /> some people see life as a game of luck, they seek freedom, dynamics, variation, chaos.
Conflict-free Replicated Data Type (CRDT) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict-free_replicated_data_type
1:10:00 identity politics: the only stable "identity" is personality type, which is inborn and constant for life.<br /> my heresy: i found a hypothesis for the question: how must we connect different personality types to create stable groups?<br /> "the system" likes my work so much, they are threatening to bust my door, steal my stuff, and throw me in jail for five years, as a punishment for publishing my radical answer to the question: who are my friends?<br /> my book: pallas. who are my friends. group composition by personality type
The thing most obvious about the type systems of Java, C, C++, Pascal, and many other widely-used “industry” languages is not that they are statically typed, but that they are explicitly typed.In other words, they require lots of type declarations. (In the world of less explicitly typed languages, where these declarations are optional, they are often called “type annotations”.) This has nothing to do with static types. continued
blah. this surveillance system is one big personality test.<br /> the problem is, they do not want a balance of all personality types or "natural order",<br /> but they do a one-sided selection by personality type.<br /> aka socialdarwinism, socialism, survival of the social, social credit score, civilization, high culture, progress, "made order", human laws, human rights, humanism, ...
where("period @> date ? ", shares_at)
a tuple { selector, private key, public key } is created
A record can be viewed as the computer analog of a mathematical tuple, although a tuple may or may not be considered a record, and vice versa, depending on conventions and the specific programming language.
An object in object-oriented language is essentially a record that contains procedures specialized to handle that record; and object types are an elaboration of record types. Indeed, in most object-oriented languages, records are just special cases of objects, and are known as plain old data structures (PODSs), to contrast with objects that use OO features.
A record type is a data type that describes such values and variables.
In type theory, product types (with no field names) are generally preferred due to their simplicity
Most typed functional programming languages implement tuples directly as product types
Modules do not add anything to the global (window) scope. Modules always are in strict mode. Loading the same module twice in the same file will have no effect, as modules are only executed once. Modules require a server environment.
Emphasizing lifetime-polymorphism can also make type inference untenable, a design choice that wouldn’t fit OCaml.
References or sources? Why? Presumably there's some research into this?
Marcin Wichary Typewriting, Type, and Keyboard Collection<br /> https://archive.org/details/wicharytypewriter
PDU Session types are defined: IPv4, IPv6, IPv4v6, Ethernet, Unstructured.
Typewriter Cleaning and Repair Basics #2 Type Bars, Case, and Crinkle Finish
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82O_iUAI5og
Segment comb cleaning - isopropyl alcohol (gentler solvent) - odorless mineral spirits - Lacquer thinner (maybe a bit too aggressive) - naphtha (lighter fluid) take care for flammability and ventilation
Work solvent into bearing between type bar and segment comb. To dry things out one can used compressed air when done or just air dry.
If sticking keys not due to being gummed up, bend portions slightly for better alighment.
Do not lubricate the segment comb.
Only lubricate the carriage rails when necessary.
Exterior cleaning
Brass bristle or nylon bristle brushes (toothbrushes) can be used to clean the exterior of the typewriter and/or cases with mild detergents or other solvents. Depending on the finish, try the brush and solvent on a small portion to determine colorfastness and potential scratching first.
Does not mention foam type
Does not mention foam type.
Does not mention foam type.
[Episode!]! represents an array of Episode objects. Since it is also non-nullable, you can always expect an array (with zero or more items) when you query the appearsIn field. And since Episode! is also non-nullable, you can always expect every item of the array to be an Episode object.
Note that this still allows an empty array, [].
It only disallows: null and [null].
If you want a workaround for the case where you can't just replace key with a string literal, you could write your own user-defined type guard function called hasProp(obj, prop). The implementation would just return prop in obj, but its type signature explicitly says that a true result should cause obj to be narrowed to just those union members with a key of type prop: function hasProp<T extends object, K extends PropertyKey>( obj: T, prop: K ): obj is Extract<T, { [P in K]?: any }> { return prop in obj; } and then in your function, replace key in a with hasProp(a, key): function f3(a: A) { const key = 'b'; if (hasProp(a, key)) { return a[key]; // okay } return 42; }
type switch 是一种固定的格式吗?还是基于 switch 条件控制的?
A type switch is a construct ``` func do(i interface{}) { switch v := i.(type): case int:
case string:
default:
} ```
Type switches
type switch 是一种固定的格式吗?还是基于 switch 条件控制的? A type switch is a construct ``` func do(i interface{}) { switch v := i.(type): case int:
case string:
default:
} ```
为什么JavaScript里面typeof(null)的值是"object"?
in this moment Chris and the deer have their owncoagulation: fusing into one “buck” (and obviously Peele was playing uponthis terminology associated with the Black male slave), they jointly chargeand kill their enemy. Together, the “vermin” strike back
Chris makes use of thedead deer; another (more mystical) analysis could posit that the deer takesrevenge on the hunter, using Chris’s body as a vehicle
First, the conflation of the deerwith the devaluation of Black life nods to the long-standing tradition of usinganimals to speak back to the power structures upheld by plantation slaveryin the form of animal folktales. And second, this deer comes roaring back tolife. He gets his revenge on the family that made his noble head into a trophy.The taxidermied deer is a speaking animal that has a kind of second life, andthere are multiple ways we might read its importance in Chris’s escape
back to life, revenge, trophy, head, speaking animal with second life, the deer also fights back
the deer strikes back
Like the trickster tales discussed above, the films we are lookingat here do not make animals the focal point, but use them as a means of“thinking with” humans.
The trickster is an animal low on the peckingorder (like a rabbit) who finds himself in a jam and must use his wits, charms,and other skill sets to outfox his more powerful enemies. He is an animalsurrogate that speaks softly of strategies for resistance
Wagner emphasizes thatsuch animal tales often provided coded ways of imparting strategies forresistance and that this story has historical connections not only to the tropeof the speaking animal from African trickster mythologies like the spiderAnansi, but also perhaps, to Aesop’s animal fable
educe animals to mere metaphors, similes, or symbolsdo not seem promising for theorizing ethical recognition of actual animals.Donna Haraway, for example, criticizes philosophical texts that show a “pro-found absence of curiosity about or respect for and with actual animals,even as innumerable references to diverse animals are invoked.” 15 SusanMcHugh, meanwhile, suggests that “the aesthetic structures of metaphor,though precariously supporting the human subject, seem unable to bearanimal agency.”16 An
She maybelieve the comparison reveals the moral horror of industrial animal agri-culture, but, as Bénédicte Boisseron argues, such comparisons “instrumen-talize” Blackness in a “self-serving” way, ignoring the complex and ongoingBlack struggle against dehumanizing discourses and institutions in order toframe “the animal” as “the new black.
remind us of the historical reduction of the human to the status of ananimal under transatlantic slavery, but also were used as a mode of resistancefor enslaved peoples
first half is type 1, first half is type 2