We added the X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff header to our raw URL responses way back in 2011 as a first step in combating hotlinking. This has the effect of forcing the browser to treat content in accordance with the Content-Type header. That means that when we set Content-Type: text/plain for raw views of files, the browser will refuse to treat that file as JavaScript or CSS.

In fact categories can themselves be viewed as type theories of a certain kind

The distinction in computer programming between classes and objects is related, though in this context, "class" sometimes refers to a set of objects (with class-level attribute or operations) rather than a description of an object in the set, as "type" would.

The distinction is important in disciplines such as logic, linguistics, metalogic, typography, and computer programming.

The sentence "they drive the same car" is ambiguous. Do they drive the same type of car (the same model) or the same instance of a car type (a single vehicle)?

In the simple biology example, dog is a hypernym and Fido is one of its hyponyms. A word can be both a hyponym and a hypernym. For example, dog is a hyponym of mammal and also a hypernym of Fido.

words that are examples of categories are hyponyms

a class is an implementation‍—‌a concrete data structure and collection of subroutines‍—‌while a type is an interface

“There is very little incentive for Microsoft to make a significant change to features that are used extremely widely by the rest of the massive community of Excel users.”

Dry::Types::Undefined

You may use keyword arguments in your filters for type safety and better readable code.

Or you can use Maybe container! It consists of Some and Nothing types, representing existing state and empty (instead of None) state respectively.

Make your functions return something meaningful, typed, and safe!

And we can specify types of wrapped values in a function return annotation, for example Result[float, ZeroDivisionError] returns either Success[float] or Failure[ZeroDivisionError].

Now you can easily spot them! The rule is: if you see a Result it means that this function can throw an exception. And you even know its type in advance.

So, despite your code is type safe it is not safe to be used.

The exception can be avoided by using ? operator on the nullable value instead:

The @ ? annotation can be used to denote a nullable value.

this implies direct work with nil-able values which may end up with errors.

To get the final value you can use value_or which is a safe way to unwrap a nil-able value.

In other words, once you've used Maybe you cannot hit nil with a missing method. This is remarkable because even &. doesn't save you from omitting || "No state" at the end of the computation. Basically, that's what they call "Type Safety".

A type constructor M that builds up a monadic type M T

Monads achieve this by providing their own data type (a particular type for each type of monad), which represents a specific form of computation

To emphasize how Just acts on the underlying value by wrapping it, it can be redefined as a function too, called eta for now

Maybe T can be understood as a "wrapping" type, wrapping the type T into a new type with built-in exception handling

Trailblazer offers you a new, more intuitive file layout in applications.

Instead of grouping by technology, classes and views are structured by concept, and then by technology. A concept can relate to a model, or can be a completely abstract concern such as invoicing.

For now I've worked around this by putting all the key-value pairs into an array before passing them into the interaction, then re-building the hash inside the interaction. It works, but it requires some extra code

You can use it by allowing a hash with arbitrary keys, but that loses type-safety one that object.

For Outbound Calls

For Inbound Calls

div:nth-of-type(3n+1) { grid-column: 1; } div:nth-of-type(3n+2) { grid-column: 2; } div:nth-of-type(3n+3) { grid-column: 3; } div:nth-of-type(-n+3) { grid-row: 1; }

#ttt > * { border: 1px solid black; border-width: 0 1px 1px 0; display: flex; /* flex styling to center content in divs */ align-items: center; justify-content: center; } #ttt > *:nth-of-type(3n) { border-right-width: 0; } #ttt > *:nth-of-type(n+7) { border-bottom-width: 0; }

keystroke biometrics, ID capture, and facial analysis

Reviewing pre-prints with hypothes.is?

Informative data about objects that are considered prototypes for the role. Base concept is similar to type, but without inheritance of limitations and properties. Base concepts are designed as a substitute for inheritance for external concepts. A base concept is like a related concept except that the base concept is almost identical to the role definition.

It’s become increasingly common to divide code into components, rather than by file type. React, for example, allows for the collocation of a components markup and JavaScript. In Svelte, this is taken one logical step further: the Javascript, markup and styling for a component can all exist together in a single `.svelte`​ file

Components with TypeScript can be type-checked with the svelte-check command

Många upplever sina största svårigheter i relationer med andra särskilt med de mest nära, kära och intima. Lev livet fullt ut visar oss hur våra relationer kan vara en ingång till ett andligt uppvaknande, om vi använder oss av dem på ett klokt och vist sätt.

Collective agency occurs when people act together, such as a social movement

Type labels are very important. They define what kind of issue this is. Every issue should have one and only one.

Alert: New office locations are now accepting reservations for license and permit transactions at the Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building in Harlem, Empire State College in Selden, and Shirley A. Chisholm State Office Building in Brooklyn.

with perhaps a dash of British formality and wit

created a Greek alphabet carefully honed to convey scientific meaning rather than typical Greek-language prose

When you request a file from raw.githubusercontent.com, gist.githubusercontent.com, bitbucket.org or gitlab.com, they are usually served (in the case of JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and some other file types) with a Content-Type of text/plain. As a result, most modern browsers won't actually interpret it as JavaScript, HTML, or CSS.

Let's make the example even easier. function convertDate<T extends string | undefined>(isoDate?: string): T { return undefined } 'undefined' is assignable to the constraint of type 'T' Means: What you return in the function (undefined), matches the constraints of your generic type parameter T (extends string | undefined). , but 'T' could be instantiated with a different subtype of constraint 'string | undefined'. Means: TypeScript does not consider that as safe. What if you defined your function like this at compile time: // expects string return type according to generics // but you return undefined in function body const res = convertDate<string>("2019-08-16T16:48:33Z") Then according to your signature, you expect the return type to be string. But at runtime that is not the case! This discrepancy that T can be instantiated with a different subtype (here string) than you return in the function (undefined) is expressed with the TypeScript error.

Both of the below are valid as far as T extends (...args: any[]) => any goes logFn((a, b) => a + b) logFn((a, b, c) => c) But if you refer back to the example I gave, the inner definition as: return (a, b) => fn(a, b); So option 2. will throw an error here, which is why typescript is warning you about it.

In the body of the function you have no control over the instantiation by the calling context, so we have to treat things of type T as opaque boxes and say you can't assign to it. A common mistake or misunderstanding was to constraint a type parameter and then assign to its constraint, for example: function f<T extends boolean>(x: T) { x = true; } f<false>(false); This is still incorrect because the constraint only restricts the upper bound, it does not tell you how precise T may really be.

P can't be assigned {}, since the Generic Type P can be a more defined (or restricted) type.

isFieldB

you can have a Type that is more specific than a boolean like this

The value 10 is assignable to the constraint of T, but it is not assignable to this particular instantiation of T. If there was no error I would passing 10 where 3 is expected!

These typeof type guards are recognized in two different forms: typeof v === "typename" and typeof v !== "typename", where "typename" must be "number", "string", "boolean", or "symbol". While TypeScript won’t stop you from comparing to other strings, the language won’t recognize those expressions as type guards.

Type Guards

typeof type guards

Itwasprobablyowingtoourbeinghereticsthatwewerenotbetterreceived.

missing values are managed, without any pre-processing, by the model used to cluster with the assumption that values are missing completely at random.

Laboratoire Paragraphe

The Ultimate Guide to Python Type Checking

Type hints cheat sheet (Python 3)¶ This document is a quick cheat sheet showing how the PEP 484 type annotation notation represents various common types in Python 3.

Denition of the evolution model by SPL main-tainer.

Validations provided bySPLEmmainclude structural veri-cations onfms and mappings (YourCastdenes a meta-model for the denition of relationships) as well as correctconstruction ofContributions. As the previous evolutions in-volvefmchanges, we use generic preconditions related tofmconsistency

roblem Space(PS),containing feature models, can also need modicationson theConguration Knowledge(CK) or mappingsand theSolution Space(SS)

Currently, as soonas we let anyone contributing, we have to ensure thecorrectness of the code through continuous integrationservices.

a design briefing a development methodology or tools an interaction technique an interactive system a reflective analysis results from fieldwork and ethnography, e.g., findings, guidelines, etc. results from laboratory studies, e.g., findings, techniques, methods, etc. theory or model.

Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes

You have to tell Java the type of the variable because Java needs to know how many bits to use and how to represent the value.

Cell-type deconvolution in epigenome-wide association studies: a review and recommendations

Limits of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Gene Expression-Based Biomarkers

Robust enumeration of cell subsets from tissue expression profiles

Neurons within a type also tended to have the same dendritic arborization pattern and electrophysiological properties, but as for L23 interneurons, these properties were often not cell type–specific (figs. S3, C and F, and S4).

The remaining five types have not been previously described in L5, and we named them as follows: neurogliaform cells (L5NGCs), basket cells (L5BCs), shrub cells (SCs), horizontally elongated cells (HECs), and deep-projecting cells (DCs)

L23 Martinotti cells

owever, many of them (~60%) had atypical axonal projection patterns compared to those previously described for SBCs, and their axon arborized mostly within L1, with only one or two side branches extending to deep layers (not deeper than L4). Despite their variable axonal projection patterns, non-neurogliaform L1 neurons shared similar dendritic and electrophysiological features (tables S1 and S2) and similar connectivity profiles (table S3) that correspond to SBCs in rat somatosensory cortex (5, 12). We thus refer to this group as SBC-like cells

neurogliaform cells

Since ducks can both swim and fly, each duck is found twice inC, once labeled as aflyer and once labeled as a swimmer. The typesAandBare kept disjoint inC, whichjustifies the name “disjoint union.”

An aspect of a thingxis a way of viewing it, a particular way in whichxcan be regardedor measured. For example, a woman can be regarded as a person; hence “being a person”is an aspect of a woman. A molecule has a molecular mass (say in daltons), so “havinga molecular mass” is an aspect of a molecule. In other words, byaspectwe simply meana function. The domainAof the functionf:A—Bis the thing we are measuring, andthe codomain is the set of possible “answers” or results of the measurement.

We represent eachtype as a box containing asingular indefinite noun phrase.

In 1980 Joachim Lambek showed that the types and programs used in computerscience form a specific kind of category. This provided a new semantics for talking aboutprograms, allowing people to investigate how programs combine and compose to createother programs, without caring about the specifics of implementation. Eugenio Moggibrought the category theoretic notion of monads into computer science to encapsulateideas that up to that point were considered outside the realm of such theory.

The line breaking algorithm can also be used to correct the line breaks made by the browser. The easiest way to do is to split a text up into lines and adjust the CSS word-spacing property. Unfortunately, Webkit based browsers do not support sub-pixel word-spacing. Alternatively, we can absolute position each word or split the line into segmants with integer word spacing. You can see the latter approach in action on the Flatland line breaking example.

Chapter 1, The Art of Community We begin the book with a bird’s-eye view of how communities function at a social science level. We cover the underlying nuts and bolts of how people form communities, what keeps them involved, and the basis and opportunities behind these interactions. Chapter 2, Planning Your Community Next we carve out and document a blueprint and strategy for your community and its future growth. Part of this strategy includes the target objectives and goals and how the community can be structured to achieve them. PREFACE xix Chapter 3, Communicating Clearly At the heart of community is communication, and great communicators can have a tremendously positive impact. Here we lay down the communications backbone and the best practices associated with using it