98 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2024
    1. Erstmals wurde genau erfasst, welcher Teil der von Waldbränden betroffenen Gebiete sich auf die menschlich verursachte Erhitzung zurückführen lässt. Er wächst seit 20 Jahren deutlich an. Insgesamt kompensieren die auf die Erhitzung zurückgehenden Waldbrände den Rückgang an Bränden durch Entwaldung. Der von Menschen verursachte – und für die Berechnung von Schadensansprüchen relevante – Anteil der CO2-Emissione ist damit deutlich höher als bisher angenommen https://www.carbonbrief.org/climate-change-almost-wipes-out-decline-in-global-area-burned-by-wildfires/

    1. Die Niederschläge im Verlauf des Sturms Boris sind durch die globale Erhitzung zweimal wahrscheinlicher geworden. Die Niederschlagsmenge lag um ca. 7% höher, als sie es in der vorindustriellen Zeit gewesen wäre. Das sind die Ergebnisse einer Attributionsstudie von World Weather Attribution. Ähnlich hohe Niederschlagsmengen waren in den betroffenen Gebieten nie zuvor gemessen worden.

      https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/tempete-boris-les-pluies-diluviennes-en-europe-centrale-ont-ete-rendues-deux-fois-plus-probables-par-le-rechauffement-20240925_NUD2FMRCD5F67KQV4264EX4UOQ/

      Meldung von World Weather Attribution: https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/climate-change-and-high-exposure-increased-costs-and-disruption-to-lives-and-livelihoods-from-flooding-associated-with-exceptionally-heavy-rainfall-in-central-europe/

  2. Sep 2024
  3. Aug 2024
  4. Jul 2024
  5. Jun 2024
    1. This enables an extremely beneficial property of TELs; that is, the verifiability of transaction events in the TEL persists in spite of changes to Key States in the sealing KEL. In other words, the verifiability of transaction events persists in spite of changes in the Key State
  6. May 2024
    1. 81 View upvote and downvote totals. This answer is not useful Save this answer. Show activity on this post. Most people are focused on attribution (and rightfully so), but it seems that not much attention is being paid to the share alike part of the CC license. In AI contexts, copyright law is still being tested in court and many things are uncertain. There is a very real risk that training an AI on this site's data will not necessarily be considered "fair use" (it fails the "serves as a substitute for the original" test, among other things), which means there's a risk that the trained model will be considered a derivative work and thus required to carry a license similar to CC-BY-SA 4.0.
    2. One of the key elements was "attribution is non-negotiable". OpenAI, historically, has done a poor job of attributing parts of a response to the content that the response was based on.
    3. I feel violated, cheated upon, betrayed, and exploited.
    4. What could possibly go wrong? Dear Stack Overflow denizens, thanks for helping train OpenAI's billion-dollar LLMs. Seems that many have been drinking the AI koolaid or mixing psychedelics into their happy tea. So much for being part of a "community", seems that was just happy talk for "being exploited to generate LLM training data..." The corrupting influence of the profit-motive is never far away.
  7. Apr 2024
    1. Eine extreme Hitzewelle hat in der Sahelzone Hunderte, wahrscheinlich Tausende Menschenleben gefordert. World Weather Attribution zufolge ist die Höhe der Temperaturen eindeutig auf die globale Erhitzung durch Treibhausgase zurückzuführen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/18/lethal-heatwave-in-sahel-worsened-by-fossil-fuel-burning-study-finds

      Zur Studie: https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/extreme-sahel-heatwave-that-hit-highly-vulnerable-population-at-the-end-of-ramadan-would-not-have-occurred-without-climate-change/

  8. Mar 2024
  9. Feb 2024
    1. there's 00:16:20 something that in Psychology is called the fundamental attribution error

      for - definition - fundamental attribution error

      definition - fundamental attribution error - a psychological condition in which an individual attrbutes a human behavior to an internal characteristic instead of environmental circumstances

  10. Dec 2023
    1. CITIZEN LAUNCH
      • for: SRG - community strategy, TPF - community strategy, epiphany - Indyweb Coalition fair attribution map for all stakeholders

      • comment

        • for SRG and TPF, the citizen launch is the optimal choice as it gives citizens the greatest autonomy.to get the correct framework established before approaching institutional partners for support
      • epiphany: Indyweb generates detailed and fair attribution and contribution map for all coalition member involved

        • Indyweb features will allow for granular attribution to all stakeholders and organizations within a collaborative project
        • All contributions are automatically tracked as part of Indyweb workflow via the provenance feature and can be automatically surfaced in granular detail as metadata emergent from the group Indyweb mindplex, the intertwingled shared mindplexs of all participants
          • In particular, by using Indyweb's provenance feature, it allows for automatically tracking the exact nature of the contribution
        • For a multi-stakeholder coalition like Living Cities Earth, this takes care of fair automatic attribution
        • The result is a fair attribution map that shows exactly who contributed and what they contributed
  11. Nov 2023
    1. The collection at the Newberry includes a bound copy of “The Federalist” once owned by Thomas Jefferson. Besides penciling his initials in the book, Jefferson wrote those of the founding fathers alongside their essays, which had originally been published anonymously.

      Thomas Jefferson wrote the names of the previously anonymous authors of The Federalist next to their essays in his personal copy.

  12. Oct 2023
  13. Sep 2023
  14. Aug 2023
      • for: extreme weather, realtime extreme weather analysis, World weather attribution
      • description
        • the World Weather Attribution organization is a group of research institutes that provides robust scientific answers to the question:
          • is climate change to blame?
        • when an extreme weather event has occurred
        • This is usually available days to weeks after the event and informs discussions about climate change while the impacts of the events are still fresh in the minds of the public and policymakers.
  15. Jul 2023
  16. Jun 2023
    1. Prof Kris Ebi from the University of Washington started off the third day of the conference with a presentation on heatwaves and early action plans. She pointed to the 2021 Pacific north-west “heat dome” event, which resulted in around 800 excess deaths and was later found to be a 1-in-10,000 year event. The rarity of that event means, in effect, “these people died because of climate change,” Ebi said. She added: “Every heat-related death is preventable.”

      I hadn't realised the attribution was so clear like this. Wow.

  17. May 2023
  18. Apr 2023
  19. Feb 2023
  20. Jan 2023
    1. Daten des britischen Wetterdiensts: 2022 war das bisher wärmste Jahr in England und Großbritannien. Die hohen Temperaturen wurden durch die Treibhausgase in der Atmosphäre um den Faktor 160 wahrscheinlcher gemacht. Ausführliche Datenanalyse bei Carbon Brief.

    1. Die Rekordtemperaturen in UK in diesen Sommer wurden durch die globale Erhitzung 160 Mal so wahrscheinlich gemacht wir vor der Industrialisierung. Mit ähnlichen Temperaturen ist jetzt alle drei bis vier Jahre zu rechnen, am Ende des Jahrhunderts bei einem mittleren Emissions-Szenario jährlich.

  21. Aug 2022
    1. Paleography is the study of the history of handwriting. It involves 3 skillsets: attribution (establishing date/place of origin by comparison); literacy (learning to read unfamiliar scripts); and description (distinguishing between scribes).
  22. Jul 2022
    1. Otto sagt zu den Ergebnissen: „Hitzewellen sind die Extreme, die in einer sich erwärmenden Welt am stärksten zunehmen. Solange der Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen anhält, werden solche Ereignisse zu immer alltäglicheren Katastrophen.“

      Kurze und gute Darstellung der Attributions-Studie zur Hitzewelle in Indien und Pakistan. Wichtig ist sich die Aussage zu Hitzewellen als.der schlimmsten unmittelbaren Folge der Erhitzung.

  23. May 2022
  24. Oct 2021
  25. Jul 2021
    1. ARinterventiontypicallyconsistsoftwomainphases:ARinduc-tionandARconsolidation.UsuallyARinductionisaninformationalsession(e.g.,viaavideotapeoranoral/handoutpresentation)aimingatpresentingandsummarizingthebenefitsoffunctionalattributions(e.g.,loweffort),theopportunityandtheadvantagesofchangingdysfunctional,self-defeatingcausalattributions(e.g.,lowability)tomoreadaptiveones,andofferingsuggestionscon-cerningstudents’causalthinkingaboutfailure.ARinductionisusuallyreinforcedbyaconsolidationphase,aimingatworkingindepthontheattributionalinformation.Consolidationactivitieshaveincludedseveralactivitiessuchasgroupdiscussion(e.g.,Perry&Struthers,1994)orwritingassignmentsincludingprimarilycog-nitiveoraffect-orientedcontent(e.g.,Halletal.,2006,Halletal.,2007;VanOverwalle&Metsenaere,1990).

      Brief summary of what AR Intervention and AR Induction means.

    2. peoplelookforcausestoexplainoutcomesandeventsintheirlives,especiallyifunexpected,important,ornegative.ManyinvestigationsconductedbyWeiner(e.g.,Weiner,1985,1995,2005)revealedathree-dimensionalstructureofcausalthinkingwhosecomponentsarethelocus,thestability,andthecontrol-labilityofcauses.

      three locus of focus

    1. While Phyllis Diller created much of her own material, she also used jokes from other writers. Sometimes she purchased several jokes at a time from one writer, while in other circumstances fans mailed her jokes. Many of these contributors were wives and mothers from across the country who had similar experiences to share with Diller. When a gag was contributed by a writer other than Diller, the index card with the gag notes the name of the writer and often how many jokes were obtained and at what price.
  26. Jun 2021
    1. History of Computer Aided Language Learning Infographic by E-learning Infographics is included on the basis of fair use as described in the Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Open Education 

      Attributions for non original content can be handled many ways - due to the brevity and simulated nature of this example, I managed them this way. But as in the original OER, a full attributions page would eventually become necessary for clean attribution and decluttered document layout.

    2. Consider the following infographic

      This would have been selected with SME. I wanted to demonstrate multiple means of representation and use an insert to demonstrate use of Code of Best Practices for Fair Use in OER.

    1. Chapter 4 Revision by Colleen Sanders is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

      This is where I would work out, with instructor, what license this revision should bear. I opted for CC BY for now, but that could change depending up on whether the instructor wanted to move into remixing more copyrighted/openly licensed content.

    2. Reference List

      I culled the in-text citations to create a structured reference list, then placed it with the conclusions. Students are one click away from the extensively cited works while reading.

    3. Attribution

      Providing attribution for source material

    1. References

      Full list of sources cited in this chapter. In real life, these would all be properly formatted citations with links to articles.

    1. CMC gives language learners access to more knowledgeable individuals, either native speakers of the target language or more advanced nonnative speakers, than they might be able to encounter in a face-to-face environment, thus increasing their potential ability to learn. Indeed, in some environments, CMC provides the only possibility for access to NSs. (p. 12)

      Indented and italicized to offset the quote for navigability and readability.

  27. May 2021
  28. Apr 2021
  29. Feb 2021
    1. However, we are unable to support one route to compliance offered by Plan S,

      The publishers below will not support the Plan S rights retention strategy (RRS). In its simplest form the RRS re-asserts the authors' rights as the rights holder to assign a copyright license of their choice (CC BY informed by their funding agency) to all versions of their research/intellectual output. In the case of the RRS states that the author should apply a CC BY license to their accepted manuscript (AAM) if they cannot afford to pay article processing charges or choose not to apply a CC BY license to the Version of Record (VoR), which they are free to do. Therefore, this statement is either saying the undersigned will not carry publications forward to publication (most appropriate approach), or they will not support the same copyright laws which fundamentally protects their rights and revenue after a copyright transfer agreement is signed by the rightsholder.

      Academy of Dental Materials

      Acoustical Society of America

      AIP Publishing

      American Academy of Ophthalmology

      American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

      American Chemical Society

      American Gastroenterological Association American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

      American Medical Association

      American Physical Society

      American Society for Investigative Pathology

      American Society for Radiation Oncology

      American Society of Civil Engineers

      American Society of Hematology

      American Society of Clinical Oncology

      American Association of Physicists in Medicine

      American Association of Physics Teachers

      AVS – The Society for Science and Technology of Materials, Interfaces, and Processing

      Brill

      British Journal of Anaesthesia

      Budrich Academic Press

      Cambridge Media

      Cambridge University Press

      Canadian Cardiovascular Society

      De Gruyter

      Duncker & Humblot

      Elsevier

      Emerald

      Erich Schmidt Verlag

      French Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

      Frommann-Holzboog Verlag

      Future Science Group 

      Hogrefe

      International Association for Gondwana Research

      IOP Publishing

      Journal of Nursing Regulation

      Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT).

      Julius Klinkhardt KG

      La Découverte

      Laser Institute America

      Materials Research Forum LLC

      The Optical Society (OSA)

      Pearson Benelux

      SAGE Publishing

      Society of Rheology

      Springer Nature

      Taylor & Francis Group

      The Geological Society of America

      Thieme Group

      Uitgeverij Verloren

      Verlag Barbara Budrich

      Vittorio Klostermann

      wbv Media

      Wiley

      Wolters Kluwer

  30. Jan 2021
    1. Attribution is no longer required as of Font Awesome 3.0 but is much appreciated:
  31. Nov 2020
    1. We then estimate the relative weight each touch played in leading to a conversion. This estimation is done by allocating “points” to touches: each conversion is worth exactly one point, and that point is divvied up between the customer’s touches. There are four main ways to divvy up this point:First touch: Attribute the entire conversion to the first touchLast touch: Attribute the entire conversion to the last touchForty-twenty-forty: Attribute 40% (0.4 points) of the attribution to the first touch, 40% to the last touch, and divide the remaining 20% between all touches in betweenLinear: Divide the point equally among all touches

      [[positional attribution]] works by identifying the touch points in the lifecycle, and dividing up the points across those touches.

      There are four main ways to divvy up this pointing

      [[question]] What are the four main ways to divvy up positional attribution]]

      • [[first touch]]
      • [[last touch]]
      • [[fourty-twenty-fourty]]
      • [[linear]]
    2. Once you have pageviews in your warehouse, you’ll need to do two thingsSessionization: Aggregate these pageviews into sessions (or “sessionization”) writing logic to identify gaps of 30 minutes or more.User stitching: If a user first visits your site without any identifying information (typically a `customer_id` or `email`), and then converts at a later date, their previous (anonymous) sessions should be updated to include their information. Your web tracking system should have a way to link these sessions together.This modeling is pretty complex, especially for companies with thousands of pageviews a day (thank goodness for incremental models 🙌). Fortunately, some very smart coworkers have written packages to do the heavy lifting for you, whether your page views are tracked with Snowplow, Segment or Heap. Leverage their work by installing the right package to transform the data for you.

      [[1. Gather your required data sources]] - once we have data, we need to do two things [[sessionization]] - the aggregation of pageviews / etc into a session

      and [[user stitching]] - when we have a user without any identifying information, and then converts - kind of like the anonymous users / signups - and trying to tie them back to a source

    3. 1. Gather your required data sourcesSessions:Required dbt techniques: packagesWe want to use a table that represents every time a customer interacts with our brand. For ecommerce companies, the closest thing we can get to for this is sessions. (If you’re instead working for a B2B organization, you should consider using a table of interactions between your sales team and a potential customer from your CRM).Sessions are discrete periods of activity by a user on a website. The industry standard is to define a session as a series of activities followed by a 30-minute window without any activity.

      [[1. Gather your required data sources]]

    4. How to build an attribution model

      [[How to build an attribution model]]

      • [[1. Gather your required data sources]]
      • [[2. Find all sessions before conversion]]
      • [[3. Calculate the total sessions and the session index]]
      • [[3. Allocate points]]
      • [[4. Bonus Join in revenue value]]
      • [[5. Bonus Join with ad spend data]]
      • [[6. Ship it!]]
    5. The attribution data modelIn reality, it’s impossible to know exactly why someone converted to being a customer. The best thing that we can do as analysts, is provide a pretty good guess. In order to do that, we’re going to use an approach called positional attribution. This means, essentially, that we’re going to weight the importance of various touches (customer interactions with a brand) based on their position (the order they occur in within the customer’s lifetime).To do this, we’re going to build a table that represents every “touch” that someone had before becoming a customer, and the channel that led to that touch.

      One of the goals of an [[attribution data model]] is to understand why someone [[converted]] to being a customer. This is impossible to do accurately, but this is where analysis comes in.

      There are some [[approaches to attribution]], one of those is [[positional attribution]]

      [[positional attribution]] is that we are weighting the importance of touch points - or customer interactions, based on their position within the customer lifetime.

    6. transparent attribution model. You’re not relying on vendor logic. If your sales team feels like your attribution is off, show them dbt docs, walk them through the logic of your model, and make modifications with a single line of SQL

      [[transparent attribution model]]

    7. The most flexible attribution model. You own the business logic and you can extend it however you want, and change it easily when you business changes

      [[flexible attribution model]]

    8. hat’s it. Really! By writing SQL on top of raw data you get: The cheapest attribution model. This playbook assumes you’re operating within a modern data stack , so you already have the infrastructure that you need in place: You’re collecting events data with a tool like Snowplow or Segment (though Segment might get a little pricey) You’re extracting data from ad platforms using Stitch or Fivetran You’re loading data into a modern, cloud data warehouse like Snowflake, BigQuery, or Redshift And you’re using dbt so your analysts can model data in SQL

      [[cheapest attribution model]]

    9. So what do you actually need to build an attribution model?Raw data in your warehouse that represents customer interactions with your brand. For ecommerce companies, this is website visits. For B2B customers, it might be conversations with sales teams.SQL

      to build an [[attribution model]] we need the raw data - this raw data should capture the [[customer interactions]], and in our case - also partner interactions, or people working with the partner?

    10. Modeling marketing attribution Marketing attribution has long been one of the stickiest problems in analytics. But with raw data, SQL, and dbt a previously complex problem can become beautifully simple.

      [[marketing attribution]]

  32. Oct 2020
    1. Clicking through to the photo, there is no mention of this image appearing on this important announcement. Perhaps the author privately contact the photographer about using his image. Since Ken Doctor is so incredible with his media experience (i’m being serious), I’m fairly certain someone from his team would have contacted the photographer to give him a heads up.

      I'm sure I've said it before, but I maintain that if the source of the article and the target both supported the Webmention spec, then when a piece used an image (or really any other type of media, including text) with a link, then the original source (any website, or Flickr in this case) would get a notification and could show—if they chose—the use of that media so that others in the future could see how popular (or not) these types of media are.

      Has anyone in the IndieWeb community got examples of this type of attribution showing on media on their own websites? Perhaps Jeremy Keith or Kevin Marks who are photographers and long time Flickr users?

      Incidentally I've also mentioned using this notification method in the past as a means of decentralizing the journal publishing industry as part of a peer-review, citation, and preprint server set up. It also could be used as part of a citation workflow in the sense of Maria Popova and Tina Roth Eisenberg's Curator's Code<sup>[1]</sup>set up, which could also benefit greatly now with Webmention support.

  33. Sep 2020
  34. Aug 2020
    1. Additional Resources

      I suggest an additional section titled tools. These tools really helped me in gaining a better understanding of structuring attributions etc.

      The Attribution Builder is really helpful when there is uncertainty as to how to proceed with citing sources, especially as citing CC Licenses seems different from scholarly practices.

      1. Open Attribution Builder, by WA SBCTC, [n.d.]. The Open Attribution Builder is licensed under CC BY 4.0.
      2. CC “Select your License” tool logic - Beta version, by Wyblib40, 2020. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. (Please note that this workflow logic diagram I created myself in order to get a feel for the new License Chooser tool (2020)

      CC “Select your License” tool logic - Beta version

    1. As a result, I end up quoting multiple people, sometimes quoting several people back-to-back, before even writing my reply. In those instances it feels like I'm not properly citing those individuals. I feel like it might seem I'm not providing new readers appropriate context for a given quote. It might also be implied that separate quotes are from the same person, leading to mis-attribution.
  35. Jun 2020
  36. May 2020
  37. Apr 2020
  38. May 2018
    1. Sara Couture, auxiliaire de recherche au Laboratoire et cyberjustice et étudiante à la maîtrise en droit des technologies de l’information s’est rendue à Miami afin de participer au concours international Law Without Walls, la fin de semaine du 20 avril! Son équipe, composée de trois autres étudiantes provenant d’universités situées dans différentes régions du monde, a défendu son titre de grande gagnante de LWOW-X, une version en ligne de la compétition.

      Surprenant que les collègues de Mme Couture ne soient pas nommés.

      Question de justice...

  39. Aug 2017
    1. This is a tool to help you build attributions. Click the About box to learn more. As you fill out the form, the app automatically generates the attribution for you.
    1. Authors also have the right to not be attributed if they no longer wish to be associated with the work.

      Interesting, to Dan's point. But does the Commons allow this?

  40. Mar 2017
    1. She was the same person. But her situation—her environment—was different, so she acted differently.
    2. No, one afternoon, she rearranged her office. Now, when people came to see her, she had to turn completely around to face them. Her computer was totally out of sight. No more email temptation.