The plan is to create a pool of learning and documents so that any one of us can apply for funding to create an FSC with a 501c3 as the legal entity with FSC bye laws that can be adapted

The emergenrt natur eis that we are holding spoace for the creation of an eco system of 501c3's with FSC bye laws

Klimapolitik spielt in der Kampagne von Kamala Harris fast keine Rolle. Stattdessen versucht sie konservative Wähler:innen mit Statements für Öl- und Gasproduktion zu gewinnen. Klimaplitiker:innen, Klimabewegungen und Fachleute für Klimakommunikation kritisieren, dass Harris die Sorgen vieler Wähler:innen wegen der Folgen der globalen Erhitzung nicht ernst genug nimmt https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/oct/18/kamala-harris-climate-change-plan-environment

for - quote / critique - it is upon us, beyond our power to alter, and therefore to be accepted and made the best of. It is a waste of time to criticize the inevitable. - Andrew Carnegie - The Gospel of Wealth - alternatives - to - mainstream companies - cooperatives - Peer to Peer - Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) - Fair Share Commons - B Corporations - Worker owned companies

quote / critique - it is upon us, beyond our power to alter, and therefore to be accepted and made the best of. It is a waste of time to criticize the inevitable. - Andrew Carnegie - The Gospel of Wealth - This is a defeatist attitude that does not look for a condition where both enormous inequality AND universal squalor can both eliminated - Today, there are a growing number of alternative ideas which can challenge this claim such as: - Cooperatives - example - Mondragon corporation with 70,000 employees - B Corporations - Fair Share Commons - Peer to Peer - Worker owned companies - Cosmolocal organizations - Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)

If you collect everything, you collect nothing.

for - scientists warning - 2024 state of the climate report - adjacency - 2024 US election - Trump - scientists warning - state of the climate - cognitive dissonance - 4P knowledge framework - Johan Rockstrom, Michael Mann, William Ripple, Christopher Wolf, Timothy Lenton, Jillian Gregg, Naomi Oreskes, Stefan Rahmstorf, Thomas Newsome

adjacency - between - 2024 state of the climate report - scientists warning - political polarization - Trump reelection - climate communication - cognitive dissonance - adjacency relationship - The scientists warning are having limited effect as a tool for mass climate communications - The fact that so many people are supporting climate denying candidates like Trump demonstrates the cognitive dissonance and lack of effective climate communications strategy - It is insightful to analyze from 4P knowledge framework: - propositional knowledge - perspectival knowledge - participatory knowledge - procedural knowledge - Every person is situated and located somewhere unique and specific in life - 4 P knowledge is concurrent - When climate scientists communicate propositional knowledge via mass media, it is a kind of broadcast message that can lose salience if the other 3 types of knowledge have a mismatch: - without perspectival knowledge context, the knowledge can have no meaning or priority - without procedural knowledge, the knowledge is theoretical and does not lead to a better life - without participatory knowledge, the receiver feels alienated

1:04:44 Debt mirrors in NATURE as the seeds, plants, trees, flowers, roots, soil, water, nutrients, pollinators, worms, rock and minerals - WE ARE IN DEBT TO NATURE - NATURE GIVES US SURPLUS

1:02:29 The national debt is a historical record of the cumulative money that a government spent dollars than it took out which were transformed into US Treasuries

50:32 Currency is the governments I.O.U. 52:04 When the government gets its tax, it no longer has the debt so it burns the currency which was an I.O.U.

they all seem to use the "fake it till you make it" strategy (mentalism, mind over matter)<br /> but most are stuck in the "fake it" phase, because the british/US empire is too strong

for - quote - Stephen Wolfram - being the kind of observer we are causes us to construct the kinds of laws we construct - quote - truth - physical laws - relative to species? - Stephen Wolfram

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/article/2024/aug/16/biden-inflation-reduction-act-tax-benefit-wealthy

Subdivision 2- summary- Whitman says if I do it, you should do it too because we are all humans, we are all made up of atoms and are connected to each other.

for - quote - Johan Rockstrom - lack of keadership should concern us

for - neuroscience - human understanding - what makes us excel? - forgetting and getting distracted!

for - new term - curiosity trap - When distractions take us out of the concentration and focusing zone

for - climate crisis - psychology - wrong approach

summary - Climate scientist professor Mojib Latif explores why our best efforts at rapid intervention to deal with the climate crisis are failing - Near the end of the program, he interviews professor Henning Beck, a neuroscientist who suggests that human brains have evolved to be rewarded for securing more. - Dopamine is released when we get more and we have not designed our intervention strategies aligned with this basic property of our brains

for - quote - unfortunately, I think we need a near miss to wake us up - Ronald Wright

comment - But the problem is that we can't count on that because it may very well be too late by then - Is the extreme weather events now happening regularly enough to wake us up?

for - stats - whites become minority percentage of US working class by 2032

stats - whites become minority percentage of US working class by 2032 - From Economic Policy Institute

to - People of color will be a majority of the American working class in 2032 -

for - types of jobs lost to China - adjacency - job losses of white working class - far-right support for nationalism and protectionism

types of jobs lost to China - mostly white working class - upper management jobs did not suffer much job loss

adjacency - between decimated white working class - far-right - nationalism - protectionism - adjacency relationship - The decimated white working class are strong supporters of far-right politics - Pain and suffering of the white working class is a root cause for voting against perceived neoliberalism, which they blame for their loss of livelihood Protectionism and nationalism is a desire to bring the jobs back home

for - stats - US trade deficit with China

stats US trade deficit with China - Due to the cheaper cost of manufacturing in China, many U.S. companies have outsourced their labor abroad. - This has resulted in - a massive trade deficit between the U.S. and China and - has led to a loss of around 2.4 million jobs since 2013, or - almost two-thirds of all U.S. manufacturing jobs

for - NAFTA impacts - US - Mexico

NAFTA impacts - US - Mexico - NAFTA was a neoliberal trade deal brokered between the US, Canada and Mexico to promote "free trade" - 10 years after signing NAFTA, Mexico reduced tariffs of US agricultural products<br /> - This resulted in a form of subsidizing US farmers, who outcompeted Mexican farmers, - causing many Mexican farmers to move or illegally migrate to the U.S.

for - AI evolution - nightmare scenario - US govt may seize Open AI assets if it arrives at superintelligence

AI evolution - projection - US govt may seize Open AI assets if it arrives at superintelligence - He makes a good point here - If Open AI, or Google achieve superintelligence that is many times more intelligent than any human, - the US government would be fearful that they could be overthrown or that the technology can be stolen and fall into the wrong hands

for - quote - unconscious patterns locking us into colonial and industrial violence - Nora Bateson

quote - unconscious patterns locking us into colonial and industrial violence - Nora Bateson - (see below) - It's actually I think important in this moment of trying to get out of orientation to these - structures and - habits, - semantics and - epistemological patterns - that that lock us into the kind of thinking - that is the source of - the colonial violence and - the industrial violence - that we're living within

Dem Global Energy Monitor zufolge sollen in den kommenden Jahren 1,5 Billionen Dollar in LNG Terminals und Pipelines investiert werden. 20% dieser Summe sind für Europa geplant und hier wiederum ein großer Teil für Anlagen in Griechenland. Die USA lobbyieren in Mittel- und Südosteuropa intensiv, um ihr LNG dort zu verkaufen. Der subventionierte Aufbau von Gasinfrastruktur übersteigt den europäischen Bedarf bei weitem. Reportage in der New York Times zum Gasboom in Griechenland. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/31/climate/greece-europe-natural-gas-lng.html

for - key insight - why US geopolitics installed dictatorships - progress trap- US foreign policy that shaped modernity

key insight - why US geopolitics installed dictatorships - This was the US's rationale to justify the geopolitical mess it created this century: - If you allow democracy in the age of Communism - people might vote for communism, then - kill all the rich people, then - take their stuff, then - redistribute it - You can get a majority support for that in an impoverished country and that was perceived as a threat - So the United States was suppressing Democratic movements around the world - because if an authoritarian if a communist can win an election fairly one time, - that's the end of free and fair elections - So for decades, the US foreign policy agenda was to install dictators to suppress the threat that democracy could produce communism. - But after "communism was defeated" - all these installed dictators around the world that are the direct result of the pathological US foreign policy posed a new, unexpected quagmire - The decades of US foreign policy had created an enormous progress trap that we are all living through now - The US now had to normalize relations with the new world of dictators it had helped created out of its own fears<br /> - A new US foreign policy rule emerged to deal with this fiasco - Stay in your own country - If you want to kill, imprison, brutalize or subjegate your own people, it is fine with the US government as long as it is done within your own state borders - As long as a nation state abuses their own people, the US will continue to: - buy your oil - trade with you - show up at the UN - even have an occasional State event for you - However, Russia broke that rule

for - US 2024 election - why Trump flipped to support Ukraine aid bill

for - November US 2024 election - Ukraine Aid - hot potato

for - new synthetic opiod - nitazene produced by Chinese labs

to - The Conversation - Nitazenes are a powerful class of street drugs emerging across the US - https://hyp.is/aeMEIBYeEe-VK49zALV-KA/theconversation.com/nitazenes-are-a-powerful-class-of-street-drugs-emerging-across-the-us-222244

Vorschau der New York Times auf die wichtigsten Klimathemen 2024. Erwartet werden viele Extremwetterereignisse duch die Kombination von weiterer Erhitzung durch Treibhausgase mit dem aktuellen El Niño. Zu den wichtigen Themen gehören die Präsidentschaftswahlen, weitere fossile Expansion in den USA und weltweit, darunter die LNG-Expansion, das Wachstum der Erneuerbaren, globale Finanzreformen, Klimaprozesse und Klima-Aktivismus. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/02/climate/the-big-climate-stories-in-2024.html

for - oil industry lobby - adjacency - wicked problem - climate crisis - fossil fuel lobby - 2024 US elections - citizen power

adjacency - between - wicked problem - climate crisis - energy industry lobby - 2024 US elections - adjacency relationship - US fossil fuel companies are making record profits under the Biden administration - The Biden administration is not bragging about this because it will hurt their re-election efforts with young people - The government is still under the power of the fossil fuel lobby - Michael Mann states that Trump 2024 win would spell disaster for the earth's climate system - It is clear however that this is a situation of the lesser of two evils - The Fossil fuel lobby has still hamstrung the Biden administration's efforts, introducing dangerous delay - The majority of citizens face the challenge that they are kept in precarity to the existing system - so are afraid to rock the boat - This is a wicked problem - A Biden 2024 win is a necessary but NOT a sufficient condition for avoiding planetary tipping points - What is needed is true citizen power, direct citizen action, not just voting

In den USA besteht seit langem eine Netzwerk, in dem PR-Firmen mit Unternehmen der Fossilindustrie zusammenarbeiten, Dabei werden u.a. durch gefakete Kampagnen und die Gründung von Umweltgruppen die eigentlichen Stakeholder der Desinformation versteckt. In einem Hearing eines Unterausschusses des Repräsentantenhauses wurden die Praktiken von PR-Firmen aufgedeckt. https://www.desmog.com/2022/09/14/house-committee-pr-climate-disinformation/

Verantwortliche der großen US-Fossilunternehmen haben vertraulich die öffentlichen Statements der Firmen zur Dekarbonisierung relativiert und in ihrer Öffentlichkeitsarbeit gegen die von ihnen selbst offiziell vertretene Politik agiert. Das geht aus Dokumenten hervor, deren Herausgabe der Ausschuss des Repräsentantenhauses für Oversight und Reform erzwungen hatte. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/14/climate/oil-industry-documents-disinformation.html

Der Finanzausschuss des amerikanischen Senats hat über einen Bericht zur Klima-Desinformation durch die Öl- und Gasbranche debattiert. Der Bericht führt detailliert auf, wie die Öffentlichkeit über Jahrzehnte manipuliert wurde. Inzwischen hätten „Täuschung, Desinformation und Doppelzüngigkeit“ die Klimaleugnung abgelöst. In der Debatte verwendeten republikanische Senatoren die traditionelle Rhetorik der Klimaleugnung. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/may/01/big-oil-danger-disinformation-fossil-fuels

Bericht; https://www.budget.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/fossil_fuel_report1.pdf

Verantwortliche der großen amerikanischen Ölfirmen haben auch nach 2015 privat zugegeben, dass sie die Gefahren fossiler Brennstoffe heruntergespielt haben. Sie haben internationale Pläne gegen die globale Erhitzung nach außen hin unterstützt und nach innen kommuniziert, dass ihre Firmenpolitik diesen Plänen widerspricht. Und sie haben gegen politische Maßnahmen lobbyiert, hinter die sie sich offiziell gestellt haben. Das alles ergibt sich aus dem neuen Bericht des amerikanischen Kongresses über die Desinformations-Politik von Big Oil. Ausführlicher Bericht mit Informationen über mögliche juristische Konsequenzen. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/apr/30/big-oil-climate-crisis-us-senate-report

Die G7 Staaten haben sich beim Treffen ihrer Energieminister in Turin darauf geeinigt, ab 2035 keinen Strom mehr aus Kohlekraftwerken zu produzieren – es sei denn, es werde Carbon Capture and Storage verwendet. Länder, die auf Kohlestrom angewiesen seien, werden nicht zum Verzicht auf Kohle aufgefordert. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/30/g7-agree-to-end-use-of-unabated-coal-power-plants-by-2035

This sort of worship of objects extends to those who overbuy notebooks (or other stationery). It's nice to "own" them, but it's even more valuable to write your thoughts in them and use them as the tools they were meant to be.

cross-reference: https://hypothes.is/a/sSgxLMGoEe6j8ccyyMeDTw

Perhaps the letting go of one's responsibilities, one's expectations and civility (as a woman) leads to her death, meaning that all life shallowly is, is the battle between ourselves and society's imposing constructs, and once this conflict is overcome, we are at peace -- we can ascend into heaven. This alignment between our inner clarity and our actions is what leads her to die "peacefully".

Zwei neue Studien aufgrund einer genaueren Modellierung der Zusammenhänge von Erhitzung und Niederschlagen: Es lässt sich besser voraussagen, wie höhere Temperaturen die Bildung von Wolkenclustern in den Tropen und damit Starkregenereignisse fördern. Außerdem lässt sich erfassen, wie durch die Verbrennung von fossilen Brennstoffen festgesetzten Aerosole bisher die Niederschlagsmenge in den USA reduziert und damit einen Effekt der globalen Erhitzung verdeckt haben.

https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000208852/klimawandel-sorgt-fuer-staerkeren-regen

Bold

Studie: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adj6801

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-45504-8

another variation of Thoreau on tools... source?

It's Walden. (see: https://hypothes.is/a/b10mJsGoEe6rgteMdxbwKQ)

Joy may have more profitably quoted the earlier Walden piece from p.41: "But lo! men have become the tools of their tools."

There also seems to be the idea of our slow evolution into cybernetic or Borg-like beings hiding not only in Joy's argument, but in Thoreau's. If we integrate so closely with our tools, where do they stop and we end and vice versa?

Compare this with the infamous problem of the ship of Theseus.

p100

This fits into the same sort of framing as Thoreau's earlier quote "men have become the tools of their tools." (p41)

see: https://hypothes.is/a/vooPrPkwEe2r_4MIb6tlFw

p41

This quote is fascinating when one realizes that the Thoreau family business was manufacturing pencils at John Thoreau & Co., one of the first major pencil companies in the United States. Thoreau's father was the titular John and Henry David worked in the factory and improved upon the hardness of their graphite. https://hypothes.is/a/sm7LUpazEe2tTq_GhGiVIg

One might also then say that the man who manufactured pencils naturally should become a writer!

This quote also bears some interesting resemblance to quotes about tools which shape us by Winston Churchill and John M. Culkin see: https://hypothes.is/a/6Znx6MiMEeu3ljcVBsKNOw

reminiscent of the quote:

Life imitates art. We shape our tools and thereafter they shape us.<br /> —John M. Culkin, “A Schoolman’s Guide to Marshall McLuhan” (The Saturday Review, March 1967) (Culkin was a friend and colleague of Marshall McLuhan)<br /> (see: https://hypothes.is/a/6Znx6MiMEeu3ljcVBsKNOw)

or the earlier version:

But lo! men have become the tools of their tools. The man who independently plucked the fruits when he was hungry is become a farmer; and he who stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper.<br /> —Henry David Thoreau, Walden, p41 <br /> (see: https://hypothes.is/a/vooPrPkwEe2r_4MIb6tlFw)

Zwei der Reports, die zum Weltwirtschaftsforum 2024 publiziert wurden, betonen die Bedeutung von Risiken, die mit der globalen Erhitzung, der Zerstörung der Biodiversität und der lebenserhaltenden Systeme des Planeten verbunden sind. Der Artikel der Repubblica zählt klimapolitisch wichtige Ereignisse des Jahres 2024 auf.https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/2024/01/17/news/world_economic_forum_2024_cambiamento_climatico-421899576/

Eine neue Studie zeigt, dass große Teile der US-Ostküste langsam absinken, zusätzlich zu den etwa 4 mm Anstieg des Meeresspiegels pro Jahr. Hauptursachen sind die Verdichtung des Untergrunds, die Entnahme von Wasser und Bergbau. In Deutschland ist in einigen Gebieten eine. ähnliche Entwicklung beobachtet worden. https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/international/klimawandel-grosse-teile-der-us-ostkueste-sinken-langsam-ab-infrastruktur-gefaehrdet/100005206.html

its easy to get lost in complexity here, but i prefer to keep it simple: our *only* problem is overpopulation, which is caused by pacifism = civilization. *all* other problems are only symptoms of overpopulation. these "financial weapons of mass destruction" (warren buffett) have the only purpose of mass murder = to kill the 95% useless eaters. so yes, this is a "controlled demolition" aka "global suicide cult". most of us will die, but we are happy...

financial weapons of mass destruction: the useful idiots believe that they can defeat risk (or generally, defeat death) by centralization on a global scale. they want to build a system that is "too big to fail" and which will "live forever". they use all kinds of tricks to make their slaves "feel safe" and "feel happy", while subconsciously, everything is going to hell in the long run. so this is just another version of "stupid and evil people trying to rule the world". hubris comes before the fall, nothing new. their system will never work, but idiots must try... because "fake it till you make it" = constructivism, mind over matter, fantasy defeats reality, ...

the video and soundtrack are annoying, they add zero value to the monolog.

• for: polycrisis - US political election interference due to threat of net zero transition to Russian economy

Intergenerational mobility is, expectedly, lower in the US where social net is low and segregation high.

The US has slipped on the other side of power - begging Chineese government to help them through censorship.

reply to u/daneb1 and u/qnnnp at https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/17a0ze0/comment/k5pdgdf/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

Hans Blumemberg's zettelkasten click-bait is apparently a thing!?! 🤣🤪Thanks u/Idaneb1, I feel seen, but I'll bet I'm one of only two or three who would fall for it. I had already read all of the underlying linked source material, so the quote wouldn't have helped in my case.

u/qnnnp, you're going to have to go a lot deeper for those two clicks next time. Plow through https://www.zotero.org/groups/4676190/tools_for_thought/collections/EP7GRG2W (or better yet, sources that aren't on it) and get back to us with something exciting! We can't wait to see what pops out.

Only for fun, I'll raise your joker with my joker "flush". 🃏♦️♣️♥️♠️🗃️ #JokerZettelClickBaitWarningFTW #ShowUsAllYourCards

Das Meeeis um die Antarktis bedeckt in diesem September so wenig Ozean Fläche wie in keinem September der Messgeschichte. Im September erreicht es seine maximale Ausdehnung. In diesem diesem Jahr liegt sie 1,75 Millionen Quadratmeter Kilometer unter dem langjährigen Durchschnitt und eine Million Quadratmeter unter dem bisher niedrigsten September-Maximum. Im Februar wurde auch bei der geringsten Ausdehnung des antarktischen Meereises ein Rekord verzeichnet. Ob und wie diese Entwicklung mit der globalen Erhitzung zusammenhängt ist noch unklar. Die obersten 300 m des Ozeans um die Antarktis sind deutlich wärmer als früher. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/26/antarctic-sea-ice-shrinks-to-lowest-annual-maximum-level-on-record-data-shows

"Surrendering" by Ocean Vuong

1. He moved into United State when he was age of five. He first came to United State when he started kindergarten. Seven of them live in the apartment one bedroom and bathroom to share the whole. He learned ABC song and alphabet. He knows the ABC that he forgot the letter is M comes before N.

2. He went to the library since he was on the recess. He was in the library hiding from the bully. The bully just came in the library doing the slight frame and soft voice in front of the kid where he sit. He left the library, he walked to the middle of the schoolyard started calling him the pansy and fairy. He knows the American flag that he recognize on the microphone against the backdrop.

The data of the past is congruent with the current psychological trends that face the education system of today. Developmentalists have charted how children construct and revise intuitive theories. In turn, a variety of theories have developed because of the greater use of statistical information that supports probabilistic contingencies that help to better inform us of causal models and their distinctive cognitive functions. These studies investigate the physical, psychological, and social domains. In the case of intuitive psychology, or "theory of mind," developmentalism has traced a progression from an early understanding of emotion and action to an understanding of intentions and simple aspects of perception, to an understanding of knowledge vs. ignorance, and finally to a representational and then an interpretive theory of mind.

The mechanisms by which life evolved—from chemical beginnings to cognizing human beings—are central to understanding the psychological basis of learning. We are the product of an evolutionary process and it is the mechanisms inherent in this process that offer the most probable explanations to how we think and learn.

Bada, & Olusegun, S. (2015). Constructivism Learning Theory : A Paradigm for Teaching and Learning.

Link to the PDF has moved.

• for: Hiliary Clinton could have won, voting, democracy, voting - social media, democracy - social media, election - social media, facebook - election, 2016 US elections, 2016 Trump election, 2016 US election, 2016 US election - different results, 2016 election - social media
• interesting fact
  • If Facebook had sent a "Go out and vote" message on election day of 2016 election, Clinton may have had a boost of 450,000 additional votes
    • and the outcome of the election might have been different

• for: progress, progress trap, exponential growth - knowledge, exponential growth - technology, technology - exponential growth, US patents, patents, intellectual property -description: GIF graph of US patents from the start in 1825 to 2021

• Source
  • Big Think interview
• Book Title
  • Corruptible: Who Gets Power and How it Changes Us
• Book Author
  • Brian Klaas

What Reuters and other mainstream media systematically neglect tot write is that what predated the annexation of Crimea was a 2014 a violent US-backed coup d'etat replaced the russia-friendly elected government with a Western-affiliated one that banned russian language (30%-50% of population) and said political parties, arresting their leaders.

• target volume for lab grown meat in USA
  • 40 million pounds of meat across USA

Ruß Wolken von kanadischen Waldbränden haben über drei Tage an der US-Ostküste den Himmel verdeckt. In New York würde die weltweit schlechteste Luftqualität festgestellt. Die globale Erhitzung wird dafür sorgen, dass es in Zukunft regelmäßig zu solchen Entwicklungen kommt.

• comment
  • 24 billionaires each have more money than the US Treasury during this time when the US is trying to avoid defaulting on its debt

The problem with this approach is that Poland, while strategically important for the confrontation between the US and Russia, is not the EU's center -- France, Germany and the Benelux are. So Washington has to be very careful in terms of balancing its approach here so as to avoid exacerbating tendencies that are already centripetal, as reflected by Macron's reference to strategic independence.

• The supreme court is tilted in favor of the fossil fuel industry through these appointments.
• The battle to keep fossil fuel litigation away from state courts and in federal court is big oil's attempt to leverage their conservative allies

Vladeck Opinion

Immigration Court Practice Manual guidance on Motions to Advance hearing date.

Not anymore.

Protestant Paranoia: The American Protective Association Oath

In 1887, Henry F. Bowers founded the nativist American Protective Association (APA) in Clinton, Iowa. Bowers was a Mason, and he drew from its fraternal ritual—elaborate regalia, initiation ceremonies, and a secret oath—in organizing the APA. He also drew many Masons, an organization that barred Catholics. The organization quickly acquired an anti-union cast. Among other things, the APA claimed that the Catholic leader of the Knights, Terence V. Powderly, was part of a larger conspiracy against American institutions. Even so, the APA successfully recruited significant numbers of disaffected trade unionists in an era of economic hard times and the collapse of the Knights of Labor. This secret oath taken by members of the American Protective Association in the 1890s revealed the depth of Protestant distrust and fear of Catholics holding public office.

I do most solemnly promise and swear that I will always, to the utmost of my ability, labor, plead and wage a continuous warfare against ignorance and fanaticism; that I will use my utmost power to strike the shackles and chains of blind obedience to the Roman Catholic church from the hampered and bound consciences of a priest-ridden and church-oppressed people; that I will never allow any one, a member of the Roman Catholic church, to become a member of this order, I knowing him to be such; that I will use my influence to promote the interest of all Protestants everywhere in the world that I may be; that I will not employ a Roman Catholic in any capacity if I can procure the services of a Protestant.

I furthermore promise and swear that I will not aid in building or maintaining, by my resources, any Roman Catholic church or institution of their sect or creed whatsoever, but will do all in my power to retard and break down the power of the Pope, in this country or any other; that I will not enter into any controversy with a Roman Catholic upon the subject of this order, nor will I enter into any agreement with a Roman Catholic to strike or create a disturbance whereby the Catholic employes may undermine and substitute their Protestant co-workers; that in all grievances I will seek only Protestants and counsel with them to the exclusion of all Roman Catholics, and will not make known to them anything of any nature matured at such conferences.

I furthermore promise and swear that I will not countenance the nomination, in any caucus or convention, of a Roman Catholic for any office in the gift of the American people, and that I will not vote for, or counsel others to vote for, any Roman Catholic, but will vote only for a Protestant, so far as may lie in my power. Should there be two Roman Catholics on opposite tickets, I will erase the name on the ticket I vote; that I will at all times endeavor to place the political positions of this government in the hands of Protestants, to the entire exclusion of the Roman Catholic church, of the members thereof, and the mandate of the Pope.

To all of which I do most solemnly promise and swear, so help me God. Amen.

Source: "The Secret Oath of the American Protective Association, October 31, 1893," in Michael Williams, The Shadow of the Pope (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1932), 103–104. Reprinted in John Tracy Ellis, ed., Documents of American Catholic History (Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1956), 500–501.

This suggests the misinformation sharing elites may influence whether followers become more extreme. There is little incentive not to stoke outrage as it improves engagement.

Estimated ideological extremity is associated with higher elite misinformation-exposure scores for estimated conservatives more so than estimated liberals.

Political ideology is estimated using accounts followed10. b Political ideology is estimated using domains shared30 (Red: conservative, blue: liberal). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Estimated ideological extremity is associated with higher language toxicity and moral outrage scores for estimated conservatives more so than estimated liberals.

The relationship between estimated political ideology and (a) language toxicity and (b) expressions of moral outrage. Extreme values are winsorized by 95% quantile for visualization purposes. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

In the co-share network, a cluster of websites shared more by conservatives is also shared more by users with higher misinformation exposure scores.

Nodes represent website domains shared by at least 20 users in our dataset and edges are weighted based on common users who shared them. a Separate colors represent different clusters of websites determined using community-detection algorithms29. b The intensity of the color of each node shows the average misinformation-exposure score of users who shared the website domain (darker = higher PolitiFact score). c Nodes’ color represents the average estimated ideology of the users who shared the website domain (red: conservative, blue: liberal). d The intensity of the color of each node shows the average use of language toxicity by users who shared the website domain (darker = higher use of toxic language). e The intensity of the color of each node shows the average expression of moral outrage by users who shared the website domain (darker = higher expression of moral outrage). Nodes are positioned using directed-force layout on the weighted network.

Exposure to elite misinformation is associated with the use of toxic language and moral outrage.

Shown is the relationship between users’ misinformation-exposure scores and (a) the toxicity of the language used in their tweets, measured using the Google Jigsaw Perspective API27, and (b) the extent to which their tweets involved expressions of moral outrage, measured using the algorithm from ref. 28. Extreme values are winsorized by 95% quantile for visualization purposes. Small dots in the background show individual observations; large dots show the average value across bins of size 0.1, with size of dots proportional to the number of observations in each bin. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Exposure to elite misinformation is associated with sharing news from lower-quality outlets and with conservative estimated ideology.

Shown is the relationship between users’ misinformation-exposure scores and (a) the quality of the news outlets they shared content from, as rated by professional fact-checkers21, (b) the quality of the news outlets they shared content from, as rated by layperson crowds21, and (c) estimated political ideology, based on the ideology of the accounts they follow10. Small dots in the background show individual observations; large dots show the average value across bins of size 0.1, with size of dots proportional to the number of observations in each bin.

Notice that Twitter’s account purge significantly impacted misinformation spread worldwide: the proportion of low-credible domains in URLs retweeted from U.S. dropped from 14% to 7%. Finally, despite not having a list of low-credible domains in Russian, Russia is central in exporting potential misinformation in the vax rollout period, especially to Latin American countries. In these countries, the proportion of low-credible URLs coming from Russia increased from 1% in vax development to 18% in vax rollout periods (see Figure 8 (b), Appendix).

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/nov/30/herschel-walker-texas-home-georgia-senate-runoffr

Ton Οκτ του 1973 100 πολεμικά με πυρηνικά κυκλοφορούσαν από τα κύθηρα μεχρι το Ισραήλ.

2η επιβεβαιωση Καλλιβρετακη & Woodhous πως οι ΗΠΑ δεν ειχαν κανενα προβλημα με την Χουντα στο Γιον Κιμπούρ.

Υφυπουργός εξηγούσε την στηριξη στην Χούντα ως αναγκαία λογω του Γιον Κιμπούρ 12 μέρες μετά το Πολυτεχνείο.

Για τις διευκολύνσεις της Χούντας σε Αμερικανούς κατά τον Γιον Κιμπούρ.

Το αεροπλανοφόρο που στηριζε το Γιον κιμπουρ ξεκινησε & κατέληξε στον Πειραιά.

Το Ελληνικο Δικτατορικο Καθεστως Στη Συγκυρια Του Μεσανατολικου Πολεμου Του 1973

Επαιξε ρολο ο πολεμος του Γιον Κιπουρ στην πτωση της Χούντας?

• author: Λ.Καλλιβρετακης:
• EktMnimon.gr

George Washington believes that the states of America must pay taxes within the whole country. However, some times later all the states will have different tax rates and laws because every state is like another country. In this constitution, Indians are excluded from paying taxes as native Americans were not considered as humans at that period.

The author of the article tells the story of the Afro-American population from the times of slavery to the twentieth century. The non-white people had to face many difficulties and challenges to achieve the basic human and citizens' rights (right to vote, self-expression etc.).

!- example : annotation - work by 55 authors of the US Constitution demonstrate the power of annotation on the margins

annotation meta: may need new tag: codify a team's norms

Dean, N. E. (2021, September 21). Hmm okay. J&J two dose results are a bit more complicated, with different results globally versus within the US. https://t.co/prFUorU8LE [Tweet]. @nataliexdean. https://twitter.com/nataliexdean/status/1440318770665324560

Borger, J. (2021, October 29). Covid bioweapon claims ‘scientifically invalid’, US intelligence reports. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/29/us-intelligence-report-covid-origins

Cohen, J. (2021, August 27). COVID-19’s origins still uncertain, U.S. intelligence agencies conclude. Science. https://www.science.org/content/article/covid-19-s-origins-still-uncertain-us-intelligence-agencies-conclude

Atari, M., Reimer, N. K., Graham, J., Hoover, J., Kennedy, B., Davani, A. M., Karimi-Malekabadi, F., Birjandi, S., & Dehghani, M. (2021). Pathogens Are Linked to Human Moral Systems Across Time and Space. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tnyh9

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, November 26). vaccine equity has been a disaster, but I do wonder whether the exclusive focus on donations does the US/EU comparison justice. The EU allowed the export of huge numbers of EU produced doses at a time when the US did not (and EU itself was struggling to meet demand). [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1464255575416520749

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: “RT @BNODesk: BREAKING: U.S. reports 716,714 new coronavirus cases, setting world record for cases in one day” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved January 7, 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1478987541332348933

Kissane, E. (2021, December 23). We’re About to Lose Track of the Pandemic. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/12/were-about-to-lose-track-of-the-pandemic/621097/

CNN, I. K. (n.d.). Vaccine inequity and hesitancy made the Omicron variant more likely, scientists say. CNN. Retrieved December 23, 2021, from https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/28/world/omicron-coronavirus-variant-vaccine-inequity-intl-cmd/index.html

Trevor Bedford. (2021, December 11). We find that logistic growth of Omicron sequence fraction looks similar between the UK, the US and Germany with roughly 1% of sequenced cases in all three countries being Omicron on Dec 1. 3/10 https://t.co/De0t2xreU9 [Tweet]. @trvrb. https://twitter.com/trvrb/status/1469784757261127685

Perspective | Even the best-case scenario with omicron will still be bad. (n.d.). Washington Post. Retrieved December 23, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/12/21/omicron-mild-cases-numbers/

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, January 2). RT @trishgreenhalgh: A few tweets on masks for kids (thanks @dgurdasani1). US schools were 3.5 x more likely to have COVID-19 outbreaks if… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1477614232556515331

Bor, A., Jørgensen, F. J., & Petersen, M. B. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic Eroded System Support But Not Social Solidarity. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qjmct