- Feb 2024
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Local file Local file
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the Nazis recognized only Volkskameraden, people’s com-rades, and Volksfeinde, enemies of the people, whom they sub-jected to deliberate and refined cruelties in a “willful transgressionof norms.
volkskameraden - people's comrades
volksfeinde - enemies of the people
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The state of permanent emer-gency declared by the National Socialists helps explain the tremen-dous efforts that they and their followers made to reconstruct thecollective body and the satisfaction they took in images of unityand solidarity. It also helps explain the violent exclusions they ac-cepted as part of the rebuilding process.
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National Socialism offered acomprehensive vision of renewal, which many Germans found ap-pealing, but they combined it with the alarming specter of nationaldisintegration.
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. It was the experience of conversion, which left peoplelike Dürkefälden and Ebermayer isolated, that was new and pro-vided the Third Reich with legitimacy and energy.
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He repeatedly described Ger-many as a nation that had come home to itself. While Erich hatedthe Nazis, he loved the Third Reich.
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the desire to be part ofnational unity was so strong that it pulled even an anti-Nazi such asErich into the new political community
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“he doesn’t want to take part in any waragain,” Karl reported; “he has had enough.”
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the prospect of a new war, a topic Germanfamilies discussed frequently in the years after 1933
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restricting their rep-resentation in the professions to their proportion in the population:“that is one percent.” Moreover, she explained, “Jews want to rule,not serve.” The proof: “have you ever heard of a Jewish maid or aJewish laundry woman?”
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In the national broadcast, selected party members spoke out thescripted reactions of “ordinary citizens,” who, appearing from allwalks of life, expressed support for Hitler.
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The strong presence of the police,who tended to sympathize with the National Socialists, restrictedthe mobility of opponents, while Nazi toughs broke into SocialDemocratic or trade union offices and Nazi officials banned so-cialist newspapers.
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Held on 21 March 1933 in Potsdam’s Garnisonkirche, whereFrederick the Great lay buried, the Day of Potsdam aligned Hit-ler with revered Prussian traditions, the Hohenzollern dynasty andthe founding of the German Reich some sixty years earlier, andthe heroic sacrifices of the Great War, represented by the “hero ofTannenberg,” President Paul von Hindenburg,
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“I was overcomewith a burning desire to belong to these people for whom it was amatter of life and death.” Maschmann herself was drawn to the“socialist tendency” of the Nazi movement, the idea of the people’scommunity,
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the “August Days” of 1914, when thou-sands of Germans rallied in the streets to support the national causein time of war, revealed extraordinary emotional investment in thepromise of national unity.
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The enduring popularity of the Nazis rested on the idea of theVolksgemeinschaft, or people’s community.
volksgemeinschaft - people's community
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the officially organized boycott of Jewish businesses on 1April 1933 required a more considered answer. Elisabeth beganwith a concession, contrasting the “happiness” of the world-histor-ical events taking place in Germany with her “sympathy” for “thefate of the individual.”
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ample, “is now a Nazi because of his job, but only for show.”Peine’s barber was in the SA, but Karl thought for “professionalreasons” only.
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what he saw was an increas-ingly Nazified community in which neighbors now took notice ofKarl’s behavior and club members adjusted their own. What Karlwas resisting as he stood alongside his wife was the pressure to con-form, if only for the sake of appearances.
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sincediscussions about Jewish suffering frequently switched to the sub-ject of German suffering: “Versailles” had taken the “opportunitiesfor life” away from Germans, who were now “completely under-standably” fighting back on behalf of their “own sons.”
"versailles" refers to the treaty of versailles, which placed the debt of ww1 on germany and tanked the economy.
Tags
- supporter
- propaganda
- gebenslebens
- concept: victimhood
- maschmann
- ebermayer
- concept: nationalism
- main idea
- event
- sub idea
- claim
- nazi strategy
- concept: resistance
- concept: german future & progress
- hitler
- dürkefäldens
- primary source
- 1933
- concept: justification
- concept: fear
- concept: belief
- antisemitism
- concept: conformity
- concept: pressure
- vocab
- viewpoint
- date
- factors
- nonsupporter
- concept: complicity
- 1914
Annotators
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- Jan 2024
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by far the most illuminating to me is the idea that mental causation works from virtual futures towards the past 00:33:17 whereas physical causation works from the past towards the future and these two streams of causation sort of overlap in the present
for - comparison - mental vs physical causation - adjacency - Michael Levin's definition of intelligence - Sheldrake's mental vs physical causation
key insight - comparison - mental vs physical causation - mental causation works from virtual futures to past - physical causation works from past to future - this is an interesting way of seeing things
adjacency - between - direction of mental vs physical causation - Michael Levin's definition of intelligence (adopting WIlliam James's idea) and cognition and cognitive light cones of living organisms:: - having a goal - having autonomy and agency to reach that goal - adjacency statement - Levin adopts a definition of cognition from scientific predecessors that relate to goal activity. - When an organism chooses one specific behavioral trajectory over all other possible ones in order to reach a goal - this is none other than choosing a virtual future that projects back to the present - In our species, innovation and design is based on this future-to-present backwards projection
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- Dec 2023
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sonec.org sonec.org
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collectively solve a local environ-mental problem
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for: community organization - proof of concept
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comment
- Solving a particular problem that is salient in the community is the best entry point into demonstrating the benefits of such a community organization.
- The particular problem needs to be:
- salient
- feasible to solve with existing resources
- Having solved this using the emergent, new methodologies, they can have more confidence to tackle bigger and more complex problems _ This gradually eases them into tackling rapid whole system change.
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- Oct 2023
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www.technologynetworks.com www.technologynetworks.com
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- for: language - concept formation, language - formation of abstract concepts
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fr.wikipedia.org fr.wikipedia.org
- Sep 2023
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www.linkedin.com www.linkedin.com
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Sweden Poised to Miss the Long-Term Climate Target It Pioneered
- for: Indyweb test
- title:Sweden Poised to Miss the Long-Term Climate Target It Pioneered
- comment
- for an indyweb test on mapping thought vectors in idea space
- various perspectives on this thread
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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structure
The concept of structure really stands out to me. There is the everyday structure as I would call it in what this article is referring to, but what does it really mean by structure and if the structure is consider right or wrong. Everyone has a multitude of structure and what that looks like. For instance it reminds me of two set of parents where the kids have to figure out the structure in both houses. It shard because they go from one to another, but ending up becoming accustomed to both forms of structure. The author states, "structure gives rise to some patterns of observable evidence rather than others" Bad, & Olusegun, S (2015). Constructivism Learning Theory: A Paradigm for Teaching and Learning.
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- Jun 2023
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patents.google.com patents.google.com
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There is a format for recording information based around connections called a concept map. Concept maps are spatial representations of knowledge, in which a concept is represented as a circle (node) and a connection/statement is represented as a line connecting two circles (edge). But concept mapping is limited in its current forms. Making a concept map is messy and often when handwritten. It is very difficult to have enough foresight in making a concept map as to prevent lines (representing edges) from crossing each other all over the page. Moreover, though concept maps have advantages over bullet points and other linear note-taking techniques in their ability to store and model nonlinear knowledge, existing software that is meant for creating concept maps is meant more for presentational purposes, e.g., creating a diagram that might be included in a report, than for recording notes in real time and understanding, organizing, or manipulating notes.
Concept map software could definitely be improved. It would be nice if a index of concepts could be derived from ones notes or highlights and then the user could select index concepts to drag into a canvas and begin to map out the connections. Selecting a concept could then surface all related notes and highlights or other concepts that are tangential.
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healthyselfesteem.org healthyselfesteem.org
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It is quite “normal,” and human, to not enjoy making mistakes! That is why we often feel embarrassed, deny their existence, and/or blame others for our errors. We believe that the best way is to admit your mistakes, learn from them and take corrective action. After all, a mistake is a mistake – no more, no less.
some thoughts i have on this:
- personally, i find that the biggest challenge on admitting mistakes is people defining you by a single mistake and constantly bringing it up in similar future situations. there is this fear of being stuck with this identity or perception from others and it can be quite daunting.
i wonder if this is so because we often derive our understanding of ourselves through other people's perspectives. consequently, when they see us as failures in certain departments, we might easily adopt that belief too.
this is in connection with the "spyglass self" where we view ourselves through others' eyes and shape and our identities accordingly.
- a fascinating detail i noticed when faced with admitting a mistake is how we often shift the blame or focus onto others to avoid this uncomfortable and inconvenient situation. this behavior is interesting to me considering our pursuit of self-improvement and goodness. in these instances, empathy and compassion seem to vanish as self-preservation takes priority.
this is a great instance in which we become trapped in our own thoughts, creating a dangerous bubble where only our well-being seem to matter. the contrast between this self-centered mindset and our usual desire for growth presents an interesting aspect of human nature.
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- Feb 2023
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Chris, Chris... concepts and propositions are not nebulous dictionary definitions unless you're joining the Frankfurt School :) :).Click here to get some clarity about these basic terms as applied to learning: https://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/concept.phpAbout systems and emergence, I prefer Mario Bunge's book: https://www.amazon.com/Emergence-Convergence-Qualitative-Knowledge-Philosophy/dp/1442628219Irony? No way. You are always bringing new information about the historical roots of Zettelkasten. Keep doing that, please! Thanks!
reply to u/New-Investigator-623 at https://www.reddit.com/r/antinet/comments/10r6uwp/comment/j784srg/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3
I meant nebulous for my initial purposes. They obviously have very concrete meanings in more specific contexts, though even there they can vary. I saw your other post on concept maps where I imagine they matter more; some of that reminds me about some of my initial explorations into category theory (math) a few years back. I'm curious what the overlap of those two looks like...
On systems, complexity, and emergence, I'm probably closer to the school of thought and applications coming out of the Santa Fe Institute. I'll have to look at Bunge's work there, I've only glanced at some of his math/physics work but never delved into his philosophical material.
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First, I am a big fan of Chris’ posts. He is our best historian. Second, I did not challenge his ideas but asked for clarification about some terms which I believe are of general interest. Chris is well-positioned to answer my questions. Third, statistical mechanics is more about microscopic systems that do not evolve. As we know, ideas (from concepts to theories) evolve and generally emerge from previous ideas. Emergence is the key concept here. I suggested Phenomics as a potential metaphor because it represents well the emergence of some systems (phenotypes) from pre-existing ones (genotypes).
reply to u/New-Investigator-623 at https://www.reddit.com/r/antinet/comments/10r6uwp/comment/j6wy4mf/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3
Ideas, concepts, propositions, et al. in this context are just the nebulous dictionary definitions. Their roots and modern usage have so much baggage now that attempting to separate them into more technical meanings is difficult unless you've got a solid reason to do so. I certainly don't here. If you want to go down some of the rabbit hole on the differences, you might appreciate Winston Perez' work on concept modeling which he outlines with respect to innovation and creativity here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGQ-dW7yfPc.
I debated on a more basic framing of chemistry or microbiology versus statistical mechanics or even the closely related statistical thermodynamics, but for the analogy here, I think it works even if it may scare some off as "too hard". With about 20 linear feet of books in my library dedicated to biology, physics, math, engineering with a lot of direct focus on evolutionary theory, complexity theory, and information theory I would suggest that the underlying physics of statistical mechanics and related thermodynamics is precisely what allows the conditions for systems to evolve and emerge, for this is exactly what biological (and other) systems have done. For those intrigued, perhaps Stuart Kauffman's Origins of Order (if you're technically minded) or At Home in the Universe (if you're less technically oriented) are interesting with respect to complexity and emergence. There's also an interesting similar analogy to be made between a zettelkasten system and the systems described in Peter Hoffman's book Life's Rachet. I think that if carefully circumscribed, one could define a zettelkasten to be "alive". That's a bigger thesis for another time. I was also trying to stay away from the broad idea of "atomic" and drawing attention to "atomic notes" as a concept. I'm still waiting for some bright physicist to talk about sub-atomic notes and what that might mean... I see where you're going with phenomics, but chemistry and statistical mechanics were already further afield than the intended audience who already have issues with "The Two Cultures". Getting into phenomics was just a bridge too far... not to mention, vastly more difficult to attempt to draw(!!!). 😉 Besides, I didn't want Carol Greider dropping into my DMs asking me why didn't I include telomeres or chancing an uncomfortable LAX-BWI flight and a train/cab ride into Baltimore with Peter Agre who's popped up next to me on more than one occasion.
Honestly, I was much less satisfied with the nebulousness of "solution of life"... fortunately no one seems to be complaining about that or their inability to grapple with catalysis. 🤷🏼
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cmap.ihmc.us cmap.ihmc.us
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https://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/learn.php
<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>u/New-Investigator</span> in Concepts maps and Zettelkasten : Zettelkasten (<time class='dt-published'>02/07/2023 10:12:44</time>)</cite></small>
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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Prof. Joseph Novak (Cornell) developed conceptual maps based on David Ausubel's subsumption (aka meaningful learning) theory and Piaget's concept of conceptual schemes. Conceptual maps have been proven successful across all levels of education worldwide (check Google Scholar).
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Zettelkasten can be described as a collection of conceptual maps in a written format.
What are the connections between zettelkasten and conceptual maps?
How are they different/similar to Tony Buzan's mind maps?
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
- Dec 2022
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humansandnature.org humansandnature.org
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Sustainability is inadequate as a concept
!- inadequacy : concept of sustainability - too vague and can be gamed - appropriated and coopted by industry to continue moving in the direction of ecological degradation
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- Nov 2022
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annehelen.substack.com annehelen.substack.com
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And yes: that’s certainly how a lot of capitalist cultures think about time — as something that can be wasted or optimized. It’s often predicated on the idea that you should be focused on doing one thing, and one thing only, very efficiently: time is money, etc. etc. But that itself, sometimes referred to as a “monochronic” understanding of time, is no more or less “natural” than other ways of conceiving of time, like “polychronic” culture, which understands time as dynamic, flexible, and filled with several tasks at once, each of which will take the time that they need. Monochronic cultures may be more “efficient” in their use of time, but in their treatment of time as a commodity, they lose the richness that comes with allowing tasks, conversations, and interactions to move forward at a more natural and sustainable pace.
Monochronic: the Greek ‘Chronos’ Polychronic: the Greek ‘Kairos’
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A workspace is a collection of modules on disk that are used as the main modules when running minimal version selection (MVS).
A workspace is a collection of modules on disk that are used as the main modules when running minimal version selection (MVS).
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- Oct 2022
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If you give a title to your notes, "claim notes" are simply notes with a verb. They invite you to say: "Prove it!" - "The positive impact of PKM" (not a claim) - "PKM has a positive impact in improving writer's block" (claim) A small change with positive mindset consequences
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>If you give a title to your notes, "claim notes" are simply notes with a verb.<br><br>They invite you to say: "Prove it!"<br><br>- "The positive impact of PKM" (not a claim)<br>- "PKM has a positive impact in improving writer's block" (claim)<br><br>A small change with positive mindset consequences
— Bianca Pereira | PKM Coach and Researcher (@bianca_oli_per) October 6, 2022Bianca Pereira coins the ideas of "concept notes" versus "claim notes". Claim notes are framings similar to the theorem or claim portion of the mathematical framing of definition/theorem(claim)/proof. This set up provides the driving impetus of most of mathematics. One defines objects about which one then advances claims for which proofs are provided to make them theorems.
Framing one's notes as claims invites one to provide supporting proof for them to determine how strong they may or may not be. Otherwise, ideas may just state concepts which are far less interesting or active. What is one to do with them? They require more active work to advance or improve upon in more passive framings.
link to: - Maggie Delano's reading framing: https://hypothes.is/a/4xBvpE2TEe2ZmWfoCX_HyQ
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- Sep 2022
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www.smithsonianmag.com www.smithsonianmag.com
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fictional ecologies
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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the problem with docker builds is the made-up concept of "context". Dockerfiles are not sufficient to define a build, unless they are placed under a strategic directory (aka context), i.e. "/" as an extreme, so you can access any path (note that that's not the right thing to do in a sane project either..., plus it makes docker builds very slow because docker scans the entire context at start).
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- Jul 2022
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chriswere.wales chriswere.wales
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Good use case for an LP doc.
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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let me make a few comments if i may about time from nagarjuna's perspective there is no 01:25:52 time i don't think i can be more brief and how does he support that he says well when you're in the present moment there's no past and there's no future 01:26:06 if you dissect the present moment even to a more granular present moment some of that's going to be passed some of that's going to be yet to come and then you have even a finer more 01:26:18 granular present moment if you keep going on with that granularity you end up having no time you have no past no future and no presence so that's kind of in a nutshell some of the arguments or 01:26:32 logic that knock arjuna nagarjuna uses to establish no time now of course what he means is there's no absolute time there's no time on a some there's no essence of time um there is you know 01:26:46 time from the perspective of of of conventionality um cause and effect is reciprocal so when we have a cause we have an effect or we know there's 01:26:59 going to be an effect but also from the point of view of the effect the result we know that there must have been a cause so this reciprocality is something unique to the highest 01:27:10 school of prasannika majamaka uh within the fourth highest school of majamaca i just wanted to mention that to to round out one of our previous discussions
Barry points out Nagarjuna's analysis of time leads to the conclusion that there is no absolute present, past or future.
It is difficult to fathom the full import of what this means. If time exists conventionally but not absolutely, what are the implications of this?
Also, there are Buddhist arguments that hold that there is no causality because A and B are different, how could A ever cause B? This has not been discussed here yet.
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- May 2022
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news.ycombinator.com news.ycombinator.com
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suppose when you needed to make a permanent edit to the style sheet on your homepage, you opened up the CSS viewer, made the edit, and the result persists—not just in your browser, but by changing the very style sheet itself
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Local file Local file
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don't invest multiples of the original appetite on a concept that needs rethinking first.
(a concept that needs rethinking first)
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At the time I wasa a web designer with a focus on usability and user interfaces. I executed Json's design direction for key features of the app and collaborated with him to fill in details of the concept.
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- Feb 2022
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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I think they are a significant pedagogical idea because they help people understand how these sorts of thing work.
thought vectors in understanding
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Annotators
URL
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- Dec 2021
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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To test whether these distributed representations of meaning are neurally plausible, a number of studies have attempted to learn a mapping between particular semantic dimensions and patterns of brain activation
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thesephist.com thesephist.com
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Concept car projects explore the boundaries of current technologies or showcase what new designs and ideas enable. They are necessary to push the field forward, but usually too rough or incomplete for the rest of the world to depend on.
via Jess Martin https://jessmart.in/
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- Nov 2021
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signagen.com signagen.com
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Since ROX is a passive fluorescent dye, the main reason it is used in qPCR is for signal normalisation. By normalising the fluorescent signal, this can reduce the variability between technical replicates.
passive reference ROX purpose
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POC vs MVP: What to Choose to Build a Great ProductDmitryCEOMVPHomeBlogEntrepreneurshipPOC vs MVP: What to Choose to Build a Great ProductPublishedNov 10, 2021UpdatedNov 11, 202115 min readWhen it comes to creating a new product or implementing a new feature, you need to test it first. The best way to do so is to check your idea with the appropriate steps. There are several software product stages: PoC, prototype, MVP, etc. What is the difference between proof of concept vs. MVP? Why are these stages essential? When should you build a Minimum Viable Product? This article focuses on two fundamental approaches that help test your idea quickly and create a successful solution.
When it comes to creating a new product or implementing a new feature, you need to test it first. The best way to do so is to check your idea with the appropriate steps. There are several software product stages: PoC, prototype, MVP, etc.
What is the difference between proof of concept vs. MVP? Why are these stages essential? When should you build a Minimum Viable Product?
This article focuses on two fundamental approaches that help test your idea quickly and create a successful solution.
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- Sep 2021
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Motz, B., Fyfe, E., & Guba, T. P. (2021). Learning to Call Bullsh*t via Induction: Categorization Training Improves Critical Thinking Performance. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/65qfj
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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But it is always important to remember that those are not language concepts. Those are community concepts that only exist in our heads and in the names of some library methods.
I'm not sure about this. I get what he's saying and agree that singleton methods are nothing but a naming convention for the more fundamental/atomic construct called instance methods (which indeed are the only kind of method that exist in Ruby, depending how you look at it), but I think I would actually say that singleton methods are language concepts because those methods like
Object#define_singleton_method
, ... are always available in Ruby (without needing to require a standard library first, for example). In other words, I would argue that something belonging in the Ruby core "library" (?) by definition makes it part of the language -- even if it in turn builds on even lower-level Ruby language features/constructs. -
Note: when I wrote above that "there is no such thing as X", what I meant was that "there is no such thing as X in the Ruby language". That does not mean that those concepts don't exist in the Ruby community.
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- Jun 2021
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Right now, we are building a concept proofing prototype using Anycable.
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- May 2021
- Apr 2021
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towardsdatascience.com towardsdatascience.com
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A Gaussian process is a probability distribution over possible functions.
[[Gaussian process]] is a probability distribution over possible functions.
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store.steampowered.com store.steampowered.com
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Micromachines always focused on local multiplayer, and the fun their eccentric races of small toy vehicles competing on tracks made with everyday objects; and all that is present.
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store.steampowered.com store.steampowered.com
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There's probably a thousand different directions you can go, but there just needs to be some kind of deeper hook to make this a full-fledged game.
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boardgamegeek.com boardgamegeek.com
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https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ccgame/carbon-control-a-boardgame-with-organic-chemistry-theme
Cool components
Too random, unrealistic for me. Would rather it was seriously about learning organic chemistry than just "loosely" themed about it.
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boardgamegeek.com boardgamegeek.com
- Mar 2021
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www.kickstarter.com www.kickstarter.com
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The question, 'What is library and information science?' does not elicit responses of the same internal conceptual coherence as similar inquiries as to the nature of other fields, e.g., 'What is chemistry?', 'What is economics?', 'What is medicine?' Each of those fields, though broad in scope, has clear ties to basic concerns of their field. [...] Neither LIS theory nor practice is perceived to be monolithic nor unified by a common literature or set of professional skills. Occasionally, LIS scholars (many of whom do not self-identify as members of an interreading LIS community, or prefer names other than LIS), attempt, but are unable, to find core concepts in common
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faastruby.io faastruby.io
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One day last August 2018, I stumbled upon an online petition that sparked my curiosity - We Want Serverless Ruby. At that time, none of the major cloud providers had first-class support for Ruby in their serverless products. There were ~1400 devs signing that petition, and I wondered if there was something about Ruby that made it unsuitable for FaaS. I decided to roll the sleeves and start building what would be the first PoC of faastRuby.
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URL
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boardgamegeek.com boardgamegeek.comDawn1
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Players try to build a village together. As the game goes on each player secretly chooses whether they want to go for a coop victory or a single-player win.
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www.kickstarter.com www.kickstarter.com
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www.kickstarter.com www.kickstarter.com
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Vision-based combat. The success of a ninja action is solely based on guards’ vision.
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- Feb 2021
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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The Quest for Truth
The quest for Truth is everywhere and not limited to the economic topics linked here. This is just a topic that started a thought process where I had access to a convenient tool (Hypothesis) to bookmark my thoughts and research.
Primary thought is: The Quest for Truth. Subcategories would provide a structured topic for the thought. In this case the subcategory would be: US Economy, Inflation
The TRUTH is a concept comprised of inconsistencies and targets that frequently move.
Targets (data, methods, people, time, semantics, agenda, demographic, motive, means, media, money, status) hold a position in time long enough to fulfill a purpose or agenda. Sometimes they don't consciously change, but history over time shines light and opens cracks in original narrative that leads to new truth's, real or imagined.
Verifying and validating certain Truth is very difficult. Why is That?
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github.com github.com
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Examples of different ways of defining forms
Wow, that's a lot of different ways.
The inline_form way in particular seems interesting to me, though it's worth noting that that method is just an example, not actually part of this project's code, so it's not really a first-class option like the other options.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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For the usage in society, see Second-class citizen.
Ironic that this reference is ostensibly about the usage of "first-class citizen" in society, yet it links to a seemingly-mismatched (by name only, that is) article, entitled "second-class citizen".
Ironic that the first-class (unqualified) article is about the figurative meaning of "citizen" used in computer science, and that the page describing first-class and second-class status of the more literal citizens in society is relegated to what I kind of think is a second-class position in the encyclopedia (because it takes the #2 position numerically, even though it is (at least as is implied in this reference) also about first-class citizens (though the word "first-class" does not appear a single time in that article, so maybe this reference is the one that is more ironic/incorrect).
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In programming language design, a first-class citizen (also type, object, entity, or value) in a given programming language is an entity which supports all the operations generally available to other entities. These operations typically include being passed as an argument, returned from a function, modified, and assigned to a variable.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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In computer science, a programming language is said to have first-class functions if it treats functions as first-class citizens.
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teachinghistory.org teachinghistory.org
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Teacher Preparation
Preparation steps for teaching a concept
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Shymko, V., & Babadzhanova, A. (2020, October 23). Short communication: Linguistic Semantics of the Covid-19 Quarantine Concept Perceived by Ukrainians. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.13102880.v1
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www.smashingmagazine.com www.smashingmagazine.com
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The key phrase here is “children of a grid container.” The specification defines the creation of a grid on the parent element, which child items can be positioned into. It doesn’t define any styling of that grid, not even going as far as to implement something like the column-rule property we have in Multi-column Layout. We style the child items, and not the grid itself, which leaves us needing to have an element of some sort to apply that style to.
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- Jan 2021
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oldcbcreadingandwritingsupplementary.wordpress.com oldcbcreadingandwritingsupplementary.wordpress.com
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moodle.univ-lyon2.fr moodle.univ-lyon2.fr
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La perspective "technocentrée" selon laquelle les outils technologiques déterminent seuls les processus cognitifs humains
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C'est par la théorie socioculturelle, issue des travaux de Vygotski, que nous devons commencer
Cette théorie nous dit que l’apprentissage et l’acquisition de connaissances résultent de l’interaction sociale.
Il me semble curieux de savoir comment l'interaction sociale se fait à travers la manipulation des artefacts technologiques, il doit y des interactions sociales forcement.
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moodle.univ-lyon2.fr moodle.univ-lyon2.fr
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L’affordance se comprend comme
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- Nov 2020
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github.com github.com
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This plugin was designed as a proof-of-concept for a feature that's destined for Rails 4. It has only been tested on Rails 3.2+, but may work on earlier versions as well.
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Annotators
URL
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- Oct 2020
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Self-concept also differs from self-esteem: self-concept is a cognitive or descriptive component of one's self (e.g. "I am a fast runner"), while self-esteem is evaluative and opinionated (e.g. "I feel good about being a fast runner").
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Self-concept is distinguishable from self-awareness, which refers to the extent to which self-knowledge is defined, consistent, and currently applicable to one's attitudes and dispositions.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Subgroups of the computer underground with different attitudes and motives use different terms to demarcate themselves from each other. These classifications are also used to exclude specific groups with whom they do not agree.
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www.counterpunch.org www.counterpunch.org
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many of students would be far better off earning a vocational degree at a low-cost community college, or using that community college as a spring-board into a more affordable four-year degree, to be paid for with a combination of student loans and (ideally) parental tuition assistance.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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In these two languages, the "Function is a first-class citizen, which allows for aggregation of behaviors outside of the class.
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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Description: Students in four different college level science classes were asked to complete concept maps then reflect on their helpfulness. A majority of the students in endocrinology found concept maps useful while students in neurobiology disagreed. Students were also allowed to state why they felt positively or negatively towards the activity. Through the survey, they found students wanted an answer key, more discussion with peers, and less terms to place on their concept maps. In the conclusion, the authors state concept maps must be appropriately designed for the end goal of the class, there must be adequate feedback from the professor, and students should see the relevance of the topic for the concept map.
Rating: 7/10
Reasoning for the rating: The article clearly explains the study and the results. Additionally, the article includes charts and graphs to help readers visiualize the information. This study only uses the data from the surveys and does not delve into the actual usefulness of concept maps as a study guide.
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recoiljs.org recoiljs.org
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We can treat navigation as a first-class concept, even encoding state transitions in links.
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- Sep 2020
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www.semrush.com www.semrush.com
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lead nurturing
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Product-oriented content also comes in handy — product overviews (40%), case studies (34%), and landing pages (31%) proved to be effective in generating leads.
product oriented content
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A content marketing funnel is a system that helps a brand to attract potential clients and guide them through their journey from the first interaction to conversion to a paying customer.
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www.tandfonline.com www.tandfonline.com
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Beest, I. van. (2020). Editorial. Social Influence, 0(0), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2020.1783758
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- Aug 2020
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r/BehSciResearch—New research project on managing disagreement. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/hwjm0w/new_research_project_on_managing_disagreement/
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svelte.dev svelte.dev
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Now, when the user interacts with the keypad, the value of pin in the parent component is immediately updated.
bind a value to a prop
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- Jul 2020
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www.anamiljacki.com www.anamiljacki.com
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Architecture is the materialization of a concept
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- Jun 2020
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15721.courses.cs.cmu.edu 15721.courses.cs.cmu.edu
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With this second scheme, the DBMS stores the physical addressof versions in the index entries. This approach is only applicablefor append-only storage, since the DBMS stores the versions in thesame table and therefore all of the indexes can point to them. Whenupdating any tuple in a table, the DBMS inserts the newly createdversion into all the secondary indexes. In this manner, the DBMScan search for a tuple from a secondary index without comparingthe secondary key with all of the indexed versions. Several MVCCDBMSs, including MemSQL and Hekaton, employ this scheme
Physical Pointers: 只对Append-only storage有用
问题:“since the DBMS stores the versions in the same table and therefore all of the indexes can point to the”这句话怎么理解
Likewise, using physical pointers is better for read-intensive workloads because an index entry points to the exact version. But it is slower for update operations because this scheme requires theDBMS to insert an entry into every secondary index for each new version, which makes update operations slower
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The main idea of using logical pointers is that the DBMS usesa fixed identifier that does not change for each tuple in its indexentry. Then, as shown in Fig. 5a, the DBMS uses an indirectionlayer that maps a tuple’s identifier to the HEAD of its version chain.This avoids the problem of having to update all of a table’s indexesto point to a new physical location whenever a tuple is modifiedHEADINDEXVERSION CHAINSHEADINDIRECTION(a)Logical PointersHEADINDEXVERSION CHAINSHEAD(b)Physical PointersFigure 5: Index Management– The two ways to map keys to tuples in aMVCC are to use logical pointers with an indirection layer to the versionchain HEAD or to use physical pointers that point to an exact version.(even if the indexed attributes were not changed). Only the mappingentry needs to change each time. But since the index does not pointto the exact version, the DBMS traverses the version chain fromthe HEAD to find the visible version. This approach is compatiblewith any version storage scheme. As we now discuss, there are twoimplementation choices for this mapping
Logical Pointers:
logical pointer approach is better for write-intensive workloads, as the DBMS updates the secondary indexes only when a transaction modifies the indexes attributes.
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Tuple Id (TupleId):One drawback of thePKeypointers is thatthe database’s storage overhead increases as the size of a tuple’sprimary key increases, since each secondary index has an entirecopy of it. In addition to this, since most DBMSs use an order-preserving data structure for its primary key indexes, the cost ofperforming the additional look-up depends on the number of entries.An alternative is to use a unique 64-bit tuple identifier instead ofthe primary key and a separate latch-free hash table to maintain themapping information to the tuple’s version chain HEAD.
Logical Pointers: TupleId
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Primary Key (PKey):With this, the identifier is the same as thecorresponding tuple’s primary key. When the DBMS retrieves anentry from a secondary index, it performs another look-up in thetable’s primary key index to locate the version chain HEAD. If asecondary index’s attributes overlap with the primary key, then theDBMS does not have to store the entire primary key in each entry.
Logical Pointers: PKey
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Primary key indexes always point to the current version of a tuple.But how often the DBMS updates a primary key index depends onwhether or not its version storage scheme creates new versions whena tuple is updated. For example, a primary key index in the deltascheme always points to the master version for a tuple in the maintable, thus the index does not need to be updated. For append-only,it depends on the version chain ordering:N2Orequires the DBMSto update the primary key index every time a new version is created.If a tuple’s primary key is modified, then the DBMS applies this tothe index as aDELETEfollowed by anINSERT
Index什么时候会被更新
Example: N2O
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We define anindex entryas a key/value pair, where thekeyis atuple’s indexed attribute(s) and thevalueis a pointer to that tuple.The DBMS follows this pointer to a tuple’s version chain and thenscans the chain to locate the version that is visible for a transaction.The DBMS will never incur a false negative from an index, but itmay get false positive matches because the index can point to aversion for a key that may not be visible to a particular transaction.
Index entires and false positives
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Since MVCC creates new versions when transactions updatetuples, the system will run out of space unless it reclaims the versionsthat are no longer needed.
为何要进行GC
GC在长交易不太行:The DBMS’s performance drops in the presence of long-running transactions. This is because all the versions generated during the lifetime of such a transaction cannot be removed until it completes.
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In this GC mechanism, the DBMS reclaims storage space attransaction-level granularity. It is compatible with all of the versionstorage schemes. The DBMS considers a transaction as expiredwhen the versions that it generated are not visible to any activetransaction. After an epoch ends, all of the versions that weregenerated by the transactions belonging to that epoch can be safely
Transaction-level Garbage Collection:
Downside: "however, is that the DBMS tracksthe read/write sets of transactions for each epoch instead of justusing the epoch’s membership counter"
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Cooperative Cleaning (COOP):When executing a transaction,the DBMS traverses the version chain to locate the visible version.During this traversal, it identifies the expired versions and recordsthem in a global data structure. This approach scales well as theGC threads no longer needs to detect expired versions, but it onlyworks for theO2Nappend-only storage. One additional challengeis that if transactions do not traverse a version chain for a particulartuple, then the system will never remove its expired versions. Thisproblem is called “dusty corners” in Hekaton [16]. The DBMSovercomes this by periodically performing a complete GC pass witha separate thread like inVAC.
Tuple-level GC: COOP
如果不遍历某一个chain,那么就无法GC而变成dusty corners
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Background Vacuuming (VAC):The DBMS uses backgroundthreads that periodically scan the database for expired versions. Asshown in Table 1, this is the most common approach in MVCCDBMSs as it is easier to implement and works with all version stor-age schemes. But this mechanism does not scale for large databases,especially with a small number of GC threads. A more scalableapproach is where transactions register the invalidated versions ina latch-free data structure [27]. The GC threads then reclaim theseexpired versions using the epoch-based scheme described above.Another optimization is where the DBMS maintains a bitmap ofdirty blocks so that the vacuum threads do not examine blocks thatwere not modified since the last GC pass
Tuple-level GC: VAC
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There are two GC implementations for a MVCC that differ onhow the DBMS looks for expired versions. The first approachistuple-levelGC wherein the DBMS examines the visibility ofindividual tuples. The second istransaction-levelGC that checkswhether any version created by a finished transaction is visible
GC的两种实现
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The DBMS registers each newtransaction into the active epoch and increments this counter. Whena transaction finishes, the DBMS removes it from its epoch (whichmay no longer be the current active one) and decrements this counter.If a non-active epoch’s counter reaches zero and all of the previousepochs also do not contain active transactions, then it is safe for theDBMS to reclaim expired versions that were updated in this epoch
Epoch流程
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An in-memory DBMS can avoid this problem with coarse-grainedepoch-basedmemory management that tracks the versions createdby transactions [44]. There is always one active epoch and an FIFOqueue of prior epochs
GC如何解决bottleneck:用epoch
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The GC process is divided into three steps: (1) detect expiredversions, (2) unlink those versions from their associated chains andindexes, and (3) reclaim their storage space. The DBMS considers aversion as expired if it is either an invalid version (i.e., created byan aborted transaction) or it is not visible to any active transaction.For the latter, the DBMS checks whether a version’send-tsisless than theTidof all active transactions. The DBMS maintainsa centralized data structure to track this information, but this is ascalability bottleneck in a multi-core system
GC的三个步骤
为什么end-ts比其他交易的时间戳小,那么他就对任何active的交易不可见呢?(可以从版本来理解,end-ts在最新版本里是被set成无穷的)
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all of the tuple versions for a table are storedin the same storage space. This approach is used in Postgres, aswell as in-memory DBMSs like Hekaton, NuoDB, and MemSQL.To update an existing tuple, the DBMS first acquires an empty slotfrom the table for the new tuple version. It then copies the contentof the current version to the new version. Finally, it applies themodifications to the tuple in the newly allocated version slot.
Append-only Storage:
“better for analytical queries that perform large scans because ver-sions are stored contiguously in memory, which minimizes CPUcache misses and is ideal for hardware prefetching”
但是旧版本需要chase pointer
同时给索引结构暴露了很多物理版本,所以可以有很多索引管理的选项
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With this last scheme, the DBMS maintains the master versionsof tuples in the main table and a sequence ofdelta versionsin aseparatedelta storage. This storage is referred to as therollbacksegmentin MySQL and Oracle, and is also used in HyPer. Mostexisting DBMSs store the current version of a tuple in the main table.To update an existing tuple, the DBMS acquires a continuous spacefrom the delta storage for creating a new delta version.
Delta Storage: 有利于更新操作,因为 “This scheme is ideal forUPDATEoperations that modify a subsetof a tuple’s attributes because it reduces memory allocations”
但是对于read intensive的工作,却有额外的overhead
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the older versions are stored in a separate table. TheDBMS maintain amasterversion of each tuple in the main table andmultiple versions of the same tuple in a separate time-travel table.In some DBMSs, like SQL Server, the master version is the currentversion of the tuple. Other systems, like SAP HANA, store theoldest version of a tuple as the master version to provide snapshotisolation
Time-Travel Storage
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Newest-to-Oldest (N2O):The alternative is to store the newestversion of the tuple as the version chain’s HEAD (see Fig. 3b). Sincemost transactions access the latest version of a tuple, the DBMS doesnot have to traverse the chain. The downside, however, is that thechain’s HEAD changes whenever a tuple is modified. The DBMSthen updates all of the table’s indexes (both primary and secondary)to point to the new version. As we discuss in Sect. 6.1, one canavoid this problem through an indirection layer that provides a singlelocation that maps the tuple’s latest version to physical address. Withthis setup, the indexes point to tuples’ mapping entry instead of theirphysical locations. This works well for tables with many secondaryindexes but increases the storage overhead
N2O
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The key decision with the append-only scheme is how the DBMSorders the tuples’ version chains. Since it is not possible to maintaina latch-free doubly linked list, the version chain only points in onedirection. This ordering has implications on how often the DBMSupdates indexes whenever transactions modify tuples.Oldest-to-Newest (O2N):With this ordering, the chain’s HEADis the oldest extant version of a tuple (see Fig. 3a). This versionmight not be visible to any active transaction but the DBMS has yetto reclaim it. The advantage ofO2Nis that the DBMS need notupdate the indexes to point to a newer version of the tuple wheneverit is modified. But the DBMS potentially traverses a long versionchain to find the latest version during query processing. This is slowbecause of pointer chasing and it pollutes CPU caches by readingunneeded versions. Thus, achieving good performance withO2Nishighly dependent on the system’s ability to prune old versions
O2N
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thechain’s HEAD is either the newest or oldest version
Version Storage: head of chain
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A transaction can commit only when all ofthe transactions that it depends on have committed.
eagerly update
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Atransaction is allowed to commit only when its dependency counteris zero, whereupon the DBMS traverses its dependency list anddecrements the counters for all the transactions that are waitingfor it to finish.
speculative read uncommitted
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The serial safety net (SSN) is a newer certifier-based proto-col [45]. Unlike withSSI, which is only applicable to snapshotisolation,SSNworks with any isolation level that is at least as strongasREAD COMMITTED. It also uses a more more precise anomaly de-tection mechanism that reduces the number of unnecessary aborts.SSNencodes the transaction dependency information into meta-data fields and validates a transactionT’s consistency by computinga low watermark that summarizes “dangerous” transactions thatcommitted before theTbut must be serialized afterT[45]. Re-ducing the number of false aborts makesSSNmore amenable toworkloads with read-only or read-mostly transactions
Serialization Certifier: SSN -- 利于只读/Read-mostly的交易
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the DBMS maintains a serialization graphfor detecting and removing “dangerous structures” formed by con-current transactions
Serialization Certifier
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When a transaction commits, the DBMSassigns it a unique timestamp (Tcommit) that is used to update thebegin-tsfield for the versions created by that transaction and thenreleases all of the transaction’s locks.
MV2PL: when to release locks
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Similarly, atransaction is allowed to update a versionBxonly if bothread-cntandtxn-idare set to zero
MV2PL: when can update
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To perform a read operation on a tupleA, the DBMS searches fora visible version by comparing a transaction’sTidwith the tuples’begin-tsfield. If it finds a valid version, then the DBMS incre-ments that tuple’sread-cntfield if itstxn-idfield is equal to zero(meaning that no other transaction holds the write lock)
MV2PL: when can read
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The tuple’swrite lockis thetxn-idfield. For theread lock, the DBMS usesaread-cntfield to count the number of active transactions thathave read the tuple. Although it is not necessary, the DBMS canpacktxn-idandread-cntinto contiguous 64-bit word so that theDBMS can use a single CaS to update them at the same time
MV2PL: 锁同样大小所以单个CAS就可以执行更新
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This protocol uses the two-phase locking (2PL) method [11] toguarantee the transaction serializability. Every transaction acquiresthe proper lock on the current version of logical tuple before it isallowed to read or modify it.
MV2PL
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But atransaction cannot read a new version until the other transaction thatcreated it commits. A transaction that reads an outdated version willonly find out that it should abort in the validation phase
MVOCC: when cannot read
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If the transaction passes these checks, it then enters thewrite phasewhere the DBMS installs all the new versions and setstheirbegin-tstoTcommitandend-tstoINF
Write Phase of MVOCC: end-ts initialized to INF
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When a transaction instructs the DBMS that it wants to commit,it then enters thevalidation phase. First, the DBMS assigns thetransaction another timestamp (Tcommit) to determine the serializationorder of transactions. The DBMS then determines whether the tuplesin the transaction’s read set was updated by a transaction that alreadycommitted.
Validation Phase of MVOCC
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TheMVOCCprotocol splits a transaction into three phases.When the transaction starts, it is in theread phase. This is where thetransaction invokes read and update operations on the database. LikeMVTO, to perform a read operation on a tupleA, the DBMS firstsearches for a visible versionAxbased onbegin-tsandend-tsfields.Tis allowed to update versionAxif its write lock is not ac-quired. In a multi-version setting, if the transaction updates versionBx, then the DBMS creates versionBx+1with itstxn-idset toTid
Read Phase of MVOCC: read operation & creation of new versions
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The motivation behind OCCis that the DBMS assumes that transactions are unlikely to conflict,and thus a transaction does not have to acquire locks on tuples whenit reads or updates them.
MVOCC: optimistic about the conflict
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WithMVTO, a transaction always updates the latest version ofa tuple. TransactionTcreates a new versionBx+1if (1) no activetransaction holdsBx’s write lock and (2)Tidis larger thanBx’sread-tsfield. If these conditions are satisfied, then the DBMScreates a new versionBx+1and sets itstxn-idtoTid. WhenTcommits, the DBMS setsBx+1’sbegin-tsandend-tsfields toTidandINF(respectively), andBx’send-tsfield toTid
MVTO: update create new version based on two conditions and update the begin-ts field on commit
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Upon readingAx, the DBMS setsAx’sread-tsfield toTidif its current value is less thanTid. Otherwise, the transaction readsan older version without updating this field
MVCC: after read
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When transactionTinvokes a read operation on logical tupleA,the DBMS searches for a physical version whereTidis in betweenthe range of thebegin-tsandend-tsfields
MVTO: when can read
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The crux ofthis approach is to use the transactions’ identifiers (Tid) to pre-compute their serialization order. In addition to the fields describedin Sect. 2.2, the version headers also contain the identifier of the lasttransaction that read it (read-ts). The DBMS aborts a transactionthat attempts to read or update a version whose write lock is held byanother transaction.
MVTO:记录上一个交易读操作的时间戳
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Existing approachesto provide serializable transaction processing use either (1) addi-tional latches in the index [35, 44] or (2) extra validation steps whentransactions commit [27].
有一点像乐观/悲观的Approaches
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Every DBMS includes aconcurrency control protocolthat coor-dinates the execution of concurrent transactions [11]. This protocoldetermines (1) whether to allow a transaction to access or modify aparticular tuple version in the database at runtime, and (2) whether toallow a transaction to commit its modifications.
并发控制
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Tuples:As shown in Fig. 1, each physical version contains fourmeta-data fields in its header that the DBMS uses to coordinatethe execution of concurrent transactions (some of the concurrencycontrol protocols discussed in the next section include additionalfields). Thetxn-idfield serves as the version’s write lock. Everytuple has this field set to zero when the tuple is not write-locked.Most DBMSs use a 64-bittxn-idso that it can use a single compare-and-swap (CaS) instruction to atomically update the value. If atransactionTwith identifierTidwants to update a tupleA, then theDBMS checks whetherA’stxn-idfield is zero. If it is, then DBMSwill set the value oftxn-idtoTidusing a CaS instruction [27, 44].begin-tscolumnsContentHeadertxn-idend-ts...pointerFigure 1: Tuple Format– The basic layout of a physical version of a tuple.Any transaction that attempts to updateAis aborted if thistxn-idfield is neither zero or not equal to itsTid. The next two meta-datafields are thebegin-tsandend-tstimestamps that represent thelifetime of the tuple version. Both fields are initially set to zero. TheDBMS sets a tuple’sbegin-tstoINFwhen the transaction deletesit. The last meta-data field is thepointerthat stores the address ofthe neighboring (previous or next) version (if any)
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Transactions:The DBMS assigns a transactionTa unique,monotonically increasing timestamp as its identifier (Tid) whenthey first enter the system. The concurrency control protocols usethis identifier to mark the tuple versions that a transaction accesses.Some protocols also use it for the serialization order of transactions
每一个交易都要有一个时间戳
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Foremost is that it canpotentially allow for greater concurrency than a single-version sys-tem.
优点1:更加并发,相比与单版本系统
读查询可以查阅历史版本,读写查询可以继续更新对象。
如果旧版本不被移除,甚至可以“时间旅行”😂
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This is especially true for in-memory DBMSswhere disk is no longer the main bottleneck
印证了之前的bottleneck
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A transaction management scheme permits end-users to access adatabase in a multi-programmed fashion while preserving the illu-
让用户以为每一个程序都在单独执行:
Atomicity和Isolation原则
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this previous work does not reflect recent trends in latch-free [27] and serializable [20] concurrency control, as well as in-memory storage [36] and hybrid workloads [40]
过去的研究没有考虑的问题,因为disk-oriented的overhead主要是读写,而in-memory的overhead在于以上几方面
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Multi-versioning allows read-only transactionsto access older versions of tuples without preventing read-writetransactions from simultaneously generating newer versions.
一般来讲更新操作会实时地override原有的tuple
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but almost every MVCC DBMS uses tuples because itprovides a good balance between parallelism versus the overheadof version tracking
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Thebasic idea of MVCC is that the DBMS maintains multiple physicalversions of each logical object in the database to allow operations onthe same object to proceed in parallel.
How to make sure different physical copies are in sync?
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medium.com medium.com
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Morey, R. D. (2020, June 12). Power and precision. Medium. https://medium.com/@richarddmorey/power-and-precision-47f644ddea5e
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- May 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Donnellan, E., Sumeyye, Fastrich, G. M., & Murayama, K. (2020). How are Curiosity and Interest Different? Naïve Bayes Classification of People’s Naïve Belief. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/697gk
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Nguyen, C. T., Saputra, Y. M., Van Huynh, N., Nguyen, N.-T., Khoa, T. V., Tuan, B. M., Nguyen, D. N., Hoang, D. T., Vu, T. X., Dutkiewicz, E., Chatzinotas, S., & Ottersten, B. (2020). Enabling and Emerging Technologies for Social Distancing: A Comprehensive Survey. ArXiv:2005.02816 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.02816
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coviz.apps.allenai.org coviz.apps.allenai.orgAbout1
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About. (n.d.). Retrieved May 6, 2020, from https://coviz.apps.allenai.org/
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- Apr 2020
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Thibodeau, P. H., Hendricks, R. K., & Boroditsky, L. (2017). How Linguistic Metaphor Scaffolds Reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(11), 852–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.07.001
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Viglione, G. (2020). A year without conferences? How the coronavirus pandemic could change research. Nature, 579(7799), 327–328. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00786-y
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stylo.ecrituresnumeriques.ca stylo.ecrituresnumeriques.ca
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le « devenir-animal » de l’humain
hum j'aurai besoin d'une rapide définition
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devenir humain
Il faudrait que tu expliques en quelques mots (genre une parenthèse) ce que tu entends par cette expression de devenir humain
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futureofthebook.org futureofthebook.org
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visualization application from Tufts called VUE,
Link now is https://vue.tufts.edu/
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- Jul 2019
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www.econometrics-with-r.org www.econometrics-with-r.org
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In a simple linear regression model, we model the relationship between both variables by a straight line, formally
It would be better to start in the following way: "To build simple linear regression model, we hypothesize that the relationship between dependent and independent variable is linear, formally:"
By saying that, In a simple linear regression model, we model the relationship between both variables by straight line is strictly speaking wrong. Strictly speaking, by straight line we model the relationship between regressors the expected value of the dependent variable given the value of the regressors.
Then later, you point out that the relationship is not exact because not all points fall on the straight line and because of that you come up with an error terms and you continue in this way util you arrive to the final formulation of the Simple Linear Regression Model. (Which you do well later).
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en.wikisource.org en.wikisource.org
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Job says: “The ear trieth words, as the mouth tasteth meat.
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the universe, including man and his divine Principle, is harmonious and eternal.
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1. God is All in all. 2. God is good. Good is Mind. 3. God, Spirit, being all, nothing is matter. 4. Life, God, omnipotent Good, deny death, evil, sin, disease. — Disease, sin, evil, death, deny Good, omnipotent God, Life.
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The vital part, the heart and Soul of Christian Science, is Love.
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there is no pain in Truth, and no truth Inversions. in pain; no nerve in Mind, and no mind in nerve; no matter in Mind, and no mind in matter; no matter in Life, and no life in matter; no matter in Good, and no good in matter.
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The Principle of Divine Metaphysics is God; its practice is the power of Truth over error; its rules demonstrate Science.
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the awful unreality called evil.
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omnipotence, omnipresence, omniscience, — Spirit possessing all power, God's allness learned. filling all space, constituting all Science
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I knew the Principle of all harmonious Mind-action to be God
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the only realities are the divine Mind Scientific evidence. and idea.
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this same mind calls matter, thereby shutting out the true sense of Spirit.
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the opposite of Truth — called error, sin, sickness, disease, death — is the false testimony of false material sense; that this false sense evolves, in belief, a subjective state of mortal mind, which this same mind calls matter, thereby shutting out the true sense of Spirit.
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Life, Truth, and Love are all-powerful and ever-present
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Feeling so perpetually the false consciousness that life inheres in the body, yet remembering that God is A divine discontent. really our Life, we may well tremble, in the prospect of those days wherein we must say, “I have no pleasure in them.”
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the revelation of Immanuel, the everpresent God
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the demonstrable fact that matter possesses neither sensation nor life;
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all real Being is in the divine Mind and idea
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- Mar 2019
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elearningindustry.com elearningindustry.com
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This is a reasonable list of Knowles' assumptions about adult learners -- not as complete or nuanced as one might find in a textbook, but worth having a look at when starting a new project. rating: 3/5
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www.coexploration.org www.coexploration.org
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- Aug 2018
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www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
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The demand for recognition, Fukuyama says, is the “master concept”
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The sideboard is stylish and dramatic, but it is also quite appropriate for use in a dining room
digital "side"-demands asks for side storage
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- Jul 2017
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opentextbc.ca opentextbc.ca
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Because it is so important to be seen as competent and productive members of society, people naturally attempt to present themselves to others in a positive light. We attempt to convince others that we are good and worthy people by appearing attractive, strong, intelligent, and likable and by saying positive things to others (Jones & Pittman, 1982; Schlenker, 2003). The tendency to present a positive self-image to others, with the goal of increasing our social status, is known as self-presentation, and it is a basic and natural part of everyday life.
A short film captures how social interactions influence our complex relationships between self-presentation, self-esteem and self concept in a unique way.
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- Jun 2017
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www.soultrainonline.de www.soultrainonline.de
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- Nov 2015
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slack-files.com slack-files.com
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I see using the LPP lens to identify the types of participation,how they influence learningand the coproduction of the “learning curriculum”that newcomersand oldtimers engage with in regulating and producing the local “community of practice”thatis the robotics club. Within this I aim to also investigate what physical, and non-physical resources studentshave for participationwithin this community(Nasir, et al., 2008). This an
You clearly map the trajectory of your paper based on the concepts we learned. Your analytical lens is very clear to me as I understand the concepts in the same way you use them. It's like a concept map, how you linked the ideas.
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- Feb 2014
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www.dougengelbart.org www.dougengelbart.org
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Concepts seem to be structurable, in that a new concept can be composed of an organization of established concepts. For present purposes, we can view a concept structure as something which we might try to develop on paper for ourselves or work with by conscious thought processes, or as something which we try to communicate to one another in serious discussion. We assume that, for a given unit of comprehension to be imparted, there is a concept structure (which can be consciously developed and displayed) that can be presented to an individual in such a way that it is mapped into a corresponding mental structure which provides the basis for that individual's "comprehending" behavior. Our working assumption also considers that some concept structures would be better for this purpose than others, in that they would be more easily mapped by the individual into workable mental structures, or in that the resulting mental structures enable a higher degree of comprehension and better solutions to problems, or both.
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www.justinhughes.net www.justinhughes.net
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In many quarters, property is viewed as an inherently conservative concept --
a social device for maintenance of the status quo
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WHAT COUNTS AS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY?
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- Nov 2013
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caseyboyle.net caseyboyle.net
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schema
definition: • (in Kantian philosophy) a conception of what is common to all members of a class; a general or essential type or form.
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We obtain the concept, as we do the form, by overlooking what is individual and actual; whereas nature is acquainted with no forms and no concepts, and likewise with no species, but only with an X which remains inaccessible and undefinable for us.
That which is beyond rhetoric is beyond our conceptual reach
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In particular, let us further consider the formation of concepts. Every word instantly becomes a concept precisely insofar as it is not supposed to serve as a reminder of the unique and entirely individual original experience to which it owes its origin;
words are concepts and conceptual
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That is to say, this conceptual edifice is an imitation of temporal, spatial, and numerical relationships in the domain of metaphor.
Interesting.
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Bees construct a physical world and man constructs a conceptual world.
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We obtain the concept, as we do the form, by overlooking what is individual and actual
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Every concept arises from the equation of unequal things.
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dissolve an image into a concept.
Do we lose something in this dissolution?
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A concept becomes a word based on its relationship to other cases.
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