- Jul 2020
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wp.nyu.edu wp.nyu.edu
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It is oppositional, Utopian, and completely withoutinnocence.
Close ended question: I'm confused how the Cyborg has no history, whilst "completely without innocence." Like Kafer, is Haraway not attempting to cover up power-playing technoscience and the Cyborg "non-innocence," but rather explicitly identifying them? I feel they are, in order to continue the development of these parts as granting autonomy instead--though this contradicts an ahistorical Cyborg.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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L.E. Phillips
I think that L.E. Phillips would be a useful subject of an article. He was an influential figure in Eau Claire, WI and the surrounding area. There is some historical information about him at lephillips.com.
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- Jun 2020
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behavioralscientist.org behavioralscientist.org
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Gauri, V. (2020 April 30). Behavioral Public Policy Faces a Crisis. Behavioral Scientist. https://behavioralscientist.org/behavioral-public-policy-faces-a-crisis/
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Phillips, T. (2020, June 14). “The country is adrift”: Echoes of Spanish flu as Brazil’s Covid-19 catastrophe deepens. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/14/brazil-coronavirus-spanish-flu
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rhizome.org rhizome.org
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Cities are cradles. Nests made of carefully knitted infrastructure holding us up. When a city's infrastructure is exposed - a hole in the pavement, arteries under sun - we're reminded of our dependence on a deeper physical reality and our implicit vulnerability as a result. We're reminded that our cities are engineered and technical places as much as they are natural expressions of the Human and the Social, whose buildings echo ancient grouping of people at work, play, or home. What we expect from infrastructure is that it works, because when it doesn't , it isn't. We want infrastructure to seamlessly integrate with the existing world — in the ground like water rather than an accessory above. After all, infrastructure is here to support us; an expression of what may be our most endemic myth, that the world is here for us. But with every receding seam, from cable to code, comes a techno-political risk. Without edges we cannot know where we are and nor through whom we speak.
"our most endemic myth, that the world is here for us."
I thought about the article about how we have a bad understanding of mapping the exact placements of utilities under manhattan.
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inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-iad-prod.inscloudgate.net
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it would be amiss of me to suggest that the online version of ed tech is the only one.
Participants at ShapingEDU event in 2018 shared their first interaction with digital learning as early as the 1970's and captured by graphic facilitator https://www.dropbox.com/sh/uvimgp9qr4vxaa1/AAB-c7WA06WovGa2FQxF4ldXa?dl=0&preview=ASU+Unconference_All+Charts_Linked+Presentations.pdf
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talkingpointsmemo.com talkingpointsmemo.com
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memoirs
Ulysses S. Grant
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Cheshire, J. (2020, May 18). "John Snow's map of cholera looked as dull as (cholera filled) dishwater compared to his competitors...His brilliance was a solid data collection & then a simple map presenting what he knew. Each death marked in black and white. Here's a lesson for COVID-19 dataviz... 1/11" Twitter. https://twitter.com/spatialanalysis/status/1262338373253042178
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Mandel, D. R. (2020). Studies Past and Future of the Past and Future [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qyk58
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What history can tell us about infectious diseases. (2020, June 2). OUPblog. https://blog.oup.com/2020/06/what-history-can-tell-us-about-infectious-diseases/
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- May 2020
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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manically inventive figure—really brilliant in many ways—with no particular training in design, but an intense interest in how people work.
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www.bbc.com www.bbc.com
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"At the company's headquarters they created the bureaucracy to process information and make decisions about things that were taking place thousands of miles away."
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He founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 along with Debendranath Tagore. Brahmoism began as a monotheistic reformist movement of Hinduism.
roy
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github.com github.com
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# Two commits are considered the same if they have the same tree and # the same commit and author metadata. This is how we re-identify # commits after their hash IDs have been rewritten.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The Journal was a primitive hypertext-based groupware program, which can be seen as a predecessor (if not the direct ancestor) of all contemporary server software that supports collaborative document creation (like wikis). It was used by ARC members to discuss, debate, and refine concepts in the same way that wikis are being used today.
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ma.ttias.be ma.ttias.be
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wiki.php.net wiki.php.net
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www.annualreviews.org www.annualreviews.org
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Edelmann, A., Wolff, T., Montagne, D., & Bail, C. A. (2020). Computational Social Science and Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 46(1), annurev-soc-121919-054621. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054621
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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bookmark
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theconversation.com theconversation.com
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Cohn, S. (2020 May 01). Face masks: What the Spanish flu can teach us about making them compulsory. The Conversation. http://theconversation.com/face-masks-what-the-spanish-flu-can-teach-us-about-making-them-compulsory-137648
Tags
- New South Wales
- shutdown
- quarentine
- disobedience
- lesson
- COVID-19
- learning
- history
- Spanish Flu
- protest
- is:news
- lang:en
- San Francisco
- face mask
- UK
- public health
- Alberta
- USA
- influenza
- lockdown
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theconversation.com/face-masks-what-the-spanish-flu-can-teach-us-about-making-them-compulsory-137648 -
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gitlab.com gitlab.com
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What I think we're lacking is proper tooling, or at least the knowledge of it. I don't know what most people use to write Git commits, but concepts like interactive staging, rebasing, squashing, and fixup commits are very daunting with Git on the CLI, unless you know really well what you're doing. We should do a better job at learning people how to use tools like Git Tower (to give just one example) to rewrite Git history, and to produce nice Git commits.
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jamanetwork.com jamanetwork.com
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Gostin, L. O. (2020). COVID-19 Reveals Urgent Need to Strengthen the World Health Organization. JAMA Health Forum, 1(4), e200559–e200559. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2020.0559
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www.netlifycms.org www.netlifycms.org
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The folks at Netlify created Netlify CMS to fill a gap in the static site generation pipeline. There were some great proprietary headless CMS options, but no real contenders that were open source and extensible—that could turn into a community-built ecosystem like WordPress or Drupal. For that reason, Netlify CMS is made to be community-driven, and has never been locked to the Netlify platform (despite the name).
Kind of an unfortunate name...
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www.visualcapitalist.com www.visualcapitalist.com
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LePan, N. (2020, March 14). Visualizing the History of Pandemics. Visual Capitalist. https://www.visualcapitalist.com/history-of-pandemics-deadliest/
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- Apr 2020
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McGann, M., & Speelman, C. (2020). Two Kinds of Theory: What Psychology Can Learn From Einstein [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/sp94q
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english.stackexchange.com english.stackexchange.com
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dial-up internet uses sound waves transmitted over copper
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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www.w3.org www.w3.org
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In the early 1990s, the creators of Netscape apparently built a function that enabled each web page to be annotated by those visiting it, as a way for viewers to discuss the page’s content. But according to a [1] produced in 2013 by a nonprofit called [Hypothesis][2], the feature was turned off.
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docs.python.org docs.python.org
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# Add auto-completion and a stored history file of commands to your Python # interactive interpreter. Requires Python 2.0+, readline. Autocomplete is # bound to the Esc key by default (you can change it - see readline docs). # # Store the file in ~/.pystartup, and set an environment variable to point # to it: "export PYTHONSTARTUP=~/.pystartup" in bash. import atexit import os import readline import rlcompleter historyPath = os.path.expanduser("~/.pyhistory") def save_history(historyPath=historyPath): import readline readline.write_history_file(historyPath) if os.path.exists(historyPath): readline.read_history_file(historyPath) atexit.register(save_history) del os, atexit, readline, rlcompleter, save_history, historyPath
Enable history and sane keys in python shell
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onezero.medium.com onezero.medium.com
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for-profit tech companies — most notably Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon (GAFA) — built software and services that rapidly outpaced the capabilities of open protocols
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Huge web properties were started during this era including Yahoo, Google, Amazon, Facebook, LinkedIn, and YouTube. In the process, the importance of centralized platforms like AOL greatly diminished.
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- Mar 2020
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Ancestor of all animals identified in Australian fossils
Summary:
- First ancestor of most animals, including humans, has been discovered—Ikaria wariootia had a mouth, anus, gut, and a bilaterian body plan.
- Bilateral symmetry was a critical step in evolution, enabling organisms to move purposefully, but so far the first organism to develop it wasn’t known.
- Ikaria wariootia was discovered through careful analysis of 555 million-year-old samples.
- It was a wormlike creature, up to 7mm (0.27in) long, with a distinct head and tail, as well as faintly grooved musculature.
- This discovery confirms what evolutionary biologists previously predicted.
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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State police power was validated for the first time a few years after the end of the Revolutionary War, when Philadelphia was isolated to control the threat of yellow fever.
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Dutch programmer Guido van Rossum designed Python in 1991, naming it after the British television comedy Monty Python's Flying Circus because he was reading the show's scripts at the time.
Origins of Python name
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www.ilpost.it www.ilpost.it
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La mattina del 9 agosto 1918, cento anni fa, sei biplani monoposto SVA e un biposto dello stesso tipo, con a bordo otto aviatori italiani, entrarono nello spazio aereo di Vienna, la capitale dell’impero austro-ungarico.
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- Feb 2020
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www.audioverse.org www.audioverse.org
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Declaration of Independence
We have the right to petition the government for redress of grievances
That seems impractical these days with our government so big.
We don't even write to our representatives in Congress. Why not? Maybe most of us don't think it would do any good.
But if we don't stand up for our rights, they will gradually be taken away.
Where is our militant faith? We're afraid of it being called hate speech.
"Bigotry disguised as religious liberty is still bigotry"
Republicanism is a country without a king. Protestantism is a church without a Pope.
Pope Francis
Jesuits
Protestantism is [religious] racism Well, I don't want to be a racist. I better not speak up. Affects free speech.
Sunday sacredness is the mark of Catholic church's authority.
"Ecumenism is not optional"
The persecution from Catholic Church will return again renewed
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- Jan 2020
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twobithistory.org twobithistory.org
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www.techrepublic.com www.techrepublic.com
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The programming language was started as a side project by Dutch programmer Guido van Rossum.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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- Dec 2019
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www.ssh.com www.ssh.comSSH Port1
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enlightenmens.lmc.gatech.edu enlightenmens.lmc.gatech.edu
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Brown's Vulgar Errours.
Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica or Enquiries into very many received tenets and commonly presumed truths (1646), commonly known as Vulgar Errours, was an important text in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. Browne, like Francis Bacon, argued that empirical evidence was necessary to support (or disprove) claims, so his "trial" here likely involved many bird dissections.
Browne is credited with introducing a number of words to the scientific discourse, including "electricity" and--interesting for our purposes--"computer" and "hallucination."
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texashistory.unt.edu texashistory.unt.edu
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frankensteinvariorum.github.io frankensteinvariorum.github.io
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would owe their being to me
Victor appears so engrossed in his creation that he forgets his discoveries are predicated on the previous research of scientists and natural philosophers. He fails to acknowledge that he "stands on the shoulders of giants," to use the phrase from Sir Issac Newton (1642-1726), including his teachers, a shortcoming indicative of pride of ownership.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Hans Moravec argued in 1976 that computers were still millions of times too weak to exhibit intelligence. He suggested an analogy: artificial intelligence requires computer power in the same way that aircraft require horsepower. Below a certain threshold, it's impossible, but, as power increases, eventually it could become easy.[79] With regard to computer vision, Moravec estimated that simply matching the edge and motion detection capabilities of human retina in real time would require a general-purpose computer capable of 109 operations/second (1000 MIPS).[80] As of 2011, practical computer vision applications require 10,000 to 1,000,000 MIPS. By comparison, the fastest supercomputer in 1976, Cray-1 (retailing at $5 million to $8 million), was only capable of around 80 to 130 MIPS, and a typical desktop computer at the time achieved less than 1 MIPS.
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- Nov 2019
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Local file Local file
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For example, take the character for east , which in the Beijingdialect has the sound “dong” (pronounced “doong,” as in Mao Ze-dong’s name). Since a Chinese character is read aloud as a single syllableand since spoken Chinese is also rather short of sounds (there are onlyabout four hundred different syllables in the whole language), it hasbeen plagued with homophones, words that sound like other words, like“soul” and “sole” or “all” and “awl” in English. It happened that thespoken word meaning “freeze” had the sound “dong.” So did a spokenword meaning a roof beam. When the Chinese went to write down thecharacter for freeze, they took the character for east and put beside itthe symbol of ice , which makes the character (“dong,” to freeze).To write down the word sounding “dong” which meant roof beam, theywrote the character east and put before it the symbol for wood mak-ing (“dong,” a roof beam).These are simple examples. Indeed, any part of the Chinese languageis simple in itself. It becomes difficult because there is so much of it to beremembered, so many meanings and allusions. When the lexicographersof later times wanted to arrange thousands of Chinese characters in adictionary, for instance, the best they could do in the absence of an al-phabet was to work out a list of 214 classifiers or “radicals,” one ofwhich was sure to be in each character in the language. These 214classifiers, for dictionary purposes, correspond to the 26 letters of our al-phabet, but are more ambiguous and less efficient. Shang writing was al-ready using “radicals” like wood, mouth, heart, hand, that indicatedcategories of meaning. From the start the governmental power of theChinese writing system was at the ruler’s disposal. Writing seems to haveemerged more in the service of lineage organization and governmentthan in the service of trade.
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reasonml.github.io reasonml.github.io
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The language for writing React. Reason's creator also created ReactJS, whose first prototypes were written in SML, a distant cousin of OCaml. We've transcribed ReactML into ReactJS for wide adoption. A few years later, we're now iterating on the future of ReactJS through ReasonReact.
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news.ycombinator.com news.ycombinator.com
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the main reason we built a new multiprocess architecture is that Chromium's multiprocess support was never contributed to the WebKit project. It has always lived in the separate Chromium tree, making it pretty hard to use for non-Chrome purposes.Before we wrote a single line of what would become WebKit2 we directly asked Google folks if they would be willing to contribute their multiprocess support back to WebKit, so that we could build on it. They said no.
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news.ycombinator.com news.ycombinator.com
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www.wired.com www.wired.com
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Netheads vs Bellheads
Netheads vs Bellheads
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www.sjsu.edu www.sjsu.edu
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texasfortstrail.com texasfortstrail.com
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Conrad Hilton Center
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www.sjsu.edu www.sjsu.edu
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www.sjsu.edu www.sjsu.edu
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www.roadrelics.com www.roadrelics.com
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signs
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www.expressnews.com www.expressnews.com
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Photo: Courtesy UT Health Science Center at San Antonio
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losttables.com losttables.com
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losttables.com losttables.com
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www.thedepartmentstoremuseum.org www.thedepartmentstoremuseum.org
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Fountain
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The neats: logic and symbolic reasoning[edit source] Logic was introduced into AI research as early as 1958, by John McCarthy in his Advice Taker proposal.[100] In 1963, J. Alan Robinson had discovered a simple method to implement deduction on computers, the resolution and unification algorithm. However, straightforward implementations, like those attempted by McCarthy and his students in the late 1960s, were especially intractable: the programs required astronomical numbers of steps to prove simple theorems.[101] A more fruitful approach to logic was developed in the 1970s by Robert Kowalski at the University of Edinburgh, and soon this led to the collaboration with French researchers Alain Colmerauer and Philippe Roussel who created the successful logic programming language Prolog.[102] Prolog uses a subset of logic (Horn clauses, closely related to "rules" and "production rules") that permit tractable computation. Rules would continue to be influential, providing a foundation for Edward Feigenbaum's expert systems and the continuing work by Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon that would lead to Soar and their unified theories of cognition.[103] Critics of the logical approach noted, as Dreyfus had, that human beings rarely used logic when they solved problems. Experiments by psychologists like Peter Wason, Eleanor Rosch, Amos Tversky, Daniel Kahneman and others provided proof.[104] McCarthy responded that what people do is irrelevant. He argued that what is really needed are machines that can solve problems—not machines that think as people do.[105] The scruffies: frames and scripts[edit source] Among the critics of McCarthy's approach were his colleagues across the country at MIT. Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert and Roger Schank were trying to solve problems like "story understanding" and "object recognition" that required a machine to think like a person. In order to use ordinary concepts like "chair" or "restaurant" they had to make all the same illogical assumptions that people normally made. Unfortunately, imprecise concepts like these are hard to represent in logic. Gerald Sussman observed that "using precise language to describe essentially imprecise concepts doesn't make them any more precise."[106] Schank described their "anti-logic" approaches as "scruffy", as opposed to the "neat" paradigms used by McCarthy, Kowalski, Feigenbaum, Newell and Simon.[107] In 1975, in a seminal paper, Minsky noted that many of his fellow "scruffy" researchers were using the same kind of tool: a framework that captures all our common sense assumptions about something. For example, if we use the concept of a bird, there is a constellation of facts that immediately come to mind: we might assume that it flies, eats worms and so on. We know these facts are not always true and that deductions using these facts will not be "logical", but these structured sets of assumptions are part of the context of everything we say and think. He called these structures "frames". Schank used a version of frames he called "scripts" to successfully answer questions about short stories in English.[108] Many years later object-oriented programming would adopt the essential idea of "inheritance" from AI research on frames.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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In 1988 Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in the software community, including the Free Software Foundation (FSF), who felt Apple was trying to monopolize on GUIs in general, and boycotted GNU software for the Macintosh platform for seven years.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) developed its own Lisp machine, named Jericho,[7] which ran a version of Interlisp. It was never marketed. Frustrated, the whole AI group resigned, and were hired mostly by Xerox. So, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center had, simultaneously with Greenblatt's own development at MIT, developed their own Lisp machines which were designed to run InterLisp (and later Common Lisp). The same hardware was used with different software also as Smalltalk machines and as the Xerox Star office system.
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In 1979, Russell Noftsker, being convinced that Lisp machines had a bright commercial future due to the strength of the Lisp language and the enabling factor of hardware acceleration, proposed to Greenblatt that they commercialize the technology.[citation needed] In a counter-intuitive move for an AI Lab hacker, Greenblatt acquiesced, hoping perhaps that he could recreate the informal and productive atmosphere of the Lab in a real business. These ideas and goals were considerably different from those of Noftsker. The two negotiated at length, but neither would compromise. As the proposed firm could succeed only with the full and undivided assistance of the AI Lab hackers as a group, Noftsker and Greenblatt decided that the fate of the enterprise was up to them, and so the choice should be left to the hackers. The ensuing discussions of the choice divided the lab into two factions. In February 1979, matters came to a head. The hackers sided with Noftsker, believing that a commercial venture fund-backed firm had a better chance of surviving and commercializing Lisp machines than Greenblatt's proposed self-sustaining start-up. Greenblatt lost the battle.
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- Oct 2019
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tshaonline.org tshaonline.org
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San Antonio
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www.awmemorypalace.com www.awmemorypalace.com
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He has given names to some of them. “Come here, Boss Tweed,” he says.
From this little exchange, I can tell from history, that this pigeon named "boss tweed" is most likely an incredibly greedy pigeon. It's a reference to the corrupt politician during the Gilded age, and he's VERY infamous in New York. So I wonder, which pigeon is Thomas Nast?
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Boss-Tweed
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www.folomedia.org www.folomedia.org
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www.incidentlight.com www.incidentlight.com
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www.womenshistory.org www.womenshistory.org
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betweentherailroadandtheriverwalk.blogspot.com betweentherailroadandtheriverwalk.blogspot.com
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www.truecurate.com www.truecurate.com
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therivardreport.com therivardreport.com
- Sep 2019
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www.expressnews.com www.expressnews.com
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SATX river map - Witte
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michaelgimberblog.files.wordpress.com michaelgimberblog.files.wordpress.com
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www.waymarking.com www.waymarking.com
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texashistory.unt.edu texashistory.unt.edu
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qagis.sanantonio.gov qagis.sanantonio.gov
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www.edwardsaquifer.net www.edwardsaquifer.net
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San Pedro Springs
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www.edwardsaquifer.net www.edwardsaquifer.net
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San Antonio Springs headwaters
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www.waymarking.com www.waymarking.com
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king-ranch.com king-ranch.com
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www.tamusa.edu www.tamusa.edu
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texastimetravel.oncell.com texastimetravel.oncell.com
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www.txtransportationmuseum.org www.txtransportationmuseum.org
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www.drtinfo.org www.drtinfo.org
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library.tamu.edu library.tamu.edu
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1940s Brazos County aerials
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www.mysanantonio.com www.mysanantonio.com
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Wonderland Mall 1961
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www.thc.texas.gov www.thc.texas.gov
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www.nationalgeographic.com www.nationalgeographic.com
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But when the Sultan Mehmed II besieged Constantinople in 1453 he had a new weapon. There had been various techniques of siege craft before, but they were very difficult and slow. Cannons changed all that, ultimately making city walls obsolete. They had been around for about 100 years but there had never been a cannon like this before. The sultan had a Hungarian foundryman make for him an enormous cannon that could fire stone balls seven feet in circumference from a distance of a mile. This was referred to as the Horrible Bombard by one of the sources and it relentlessly battered the city walls of Constantinople in the spring of 1453, when the city eventually fell.
- MX/US wall would create jobs & spur a technological revolution in MX subvert the wall. {jk}
- I can't help but think of the mega crossbow in
Game of Thrones.
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sanantoniosherpa.com sanantoniosherpa.comHistory1
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digital.utsa.edu digital.utsa.edu
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www.azteceagles.net www.azteceagles.net
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Aztec Eagles Mexican squadron WWII
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unix.stackexchange.com unix.stackexchange.com
- Aug 2019
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bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com
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Time-resolved analysis of individual cells revealed that past exposure to low levels of antibiotics increases tolerance to future exposure for the sessile but not for the motile cell
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news.harvard.edu news.harvard.edu
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There’s a perception that the Old World is the advanced world and transferred all this knowledge to the New one, but we are realizing that they knew a lot, and I think this is one more piece of evidence for that
It's refreshing to see someone coming to this conclusion based on the research and evidence. It seems most of the time we tend to underestimate the technology that civilizations in this era used.
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What happened here is that these rocks were struck by lightning sometime between when they were formed many thousands of years ago, and when they were carved
It kinda makes you wonder if it wasn't struck by lightning naturally but that the people did it to the rocks intentionally.
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The fields found in the statues, however, are far stronger — in some cases nearly four times that of the Earth’s magnetic field.
That's quite impressive. It's on the same order of magnetisim as the rocks at the Puma Punku site in Bolivia.
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artisans carved the figures so that the magnetic areas fell at the navel or right temple — suggesting not only that Mesoamerican people were familiar with the concept of magnetism but also that they had some way of detecting the magnetized spots
The potbelly statues have very strong magnetic areas on the head and around the belly button suggesting that the people who made them had knowledge of magnetism.
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- Jul 2019
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www.boston.com www.boston.com
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See the author's blog post In Defense of Soundbites (2 January 2011)
soundbites have dropped in length for a variety of reasons — economic, political, historical, and professional. What’s more, they’ve been dropping for a long time, as new research suggests that newspaper quotations began shrinking in a similar way in the 1890s.
Instead of soundbites, then, we should worry about the tone and focus of our political discourse. And there’s no doubt that this, too, has evolved.
Elaborated in the story:
Hallin has argued all along that television news in the 1960s and 1970s, which many take to be the genre’s golden age, was never actually that good. Stories were dull and disorganized; those long quotations would be followed by a couple of seconds of dead air. Early newspapers, in their time, were no different. The Boston Globe’s first issue, in 1872, devoted much of its front page to transcriptions of church sermons.
as networks shortened their sound bites, they also changed the substance of their political coverage. They started using more in-house experts, pundits who looked less at what people said than at how they said it. TV news became more about strategy and the parsing of strategy — about buzzwords like “expectations” and “momentum” — than about the issues that presumably lie at the heart of politics. Journalists wanted to turn campaigns into larger narratives, and there was no easier narrative than covering politics as though it were a sport. Indeed, Ryfe found that the same thing happened with 19th-century journalists, who, as they professionalized, also “became handicappers of the political process.”
Ironically, this note is nothing but sound bites!
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www.bostonglobe.com www.bostonglobe.com
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See also the author's own take.
If the Modernists loved revision so much that they kept at it throughout the literary process, including when their work was in proofs — and one of Sullivan’s key points is that these discrete stages actually encouraged revision — then why didn’t their printers and publishers complain? ... changing work in proofs is expensive.
That's because Modernists had the support money to revise and to experiment with the rules of revision.
In her memoir Shakespeare & Company, Sylvia Beach recalls Joyce’s publisher warning about “a lot of extra expenses with these proofs. . . . He suggested that I call Joyce’s attention to the danger of going beyond my depth; perhaps his appetite for proofs might be curbed.”
But Beach explains that, for her, the most important thing was that Joyce could work as diligently and obsessively as he wanted to:
I wouldn’t hear of such a thing. Ulysses was to be as Joyce wished, in every respect. I wouldn’t advise ‘real’ publishers to follow my example, nor authors to follow Joyce’s. It would be the death of publishing. My case was different. It seemd natural to me that the efforts and sacrifices on my part should be proportionate to the greatnes of the work I was publishing.
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craigfehrman.com craigfehrman.com
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Hubert Humphrey
He was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 1968 presidential election, losing to Republican nominee Richard Nixon.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Compusophic Systems
those old school tech companies names! compu-sophic! computer - philosophic
Tags
Annotators
URL
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tritoned.ucsd.edu tritoned.ucsd.edu
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Introduction "This Land Belongs to Me"
A simple title, but there is a lot to unpackage here! Just from skimming, I can tell this is a very dense read, and it will take a lot of work and time to analyse this from a feminist, militarist, economic, ethnic, racial, religious, linguistic, and legal perspective.
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- Jun 2019
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www.asindexing.org www.asindexing.org
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However, indexes in the modern sense, giving exact locations of names and subjects in a book, were not compiled in antiquity, and only very few seem to have been made before the age of printing. There are several reasons for this. First, as long as books were written in the form of scrolls, there were neither page nor leaf numbers not line counts (as we have them now for classical texts). Also, even had there been such numerical indicators, it would have been impractical to append an index giving exact references, because in order for a reader to consult the index, the scroll would have to be unrolled to the very end and then to be rolled back to the relevant page. (Whoever has had to read a book available only on microfilm, the modern successor of the papyrus scroll, will have experienced how difficult and inconvenient it is to go from the index to the text.) Second, even though popular works were written in many copies (sometimes up to several hundreds),no two of them would be exactly the same, so that an index could at best have been made to chapters or paragraphs, but not to exact pages. Yet such a division of texts was rarely done (the one we have now for classical texts is mostly the work of medieval and Renaissance scholars). Only the invention of printing around 1450 made it possible to produce identical copies of books in large numbers, so that soon afterwards the first indexes began to be compiled, especially those to books of reference, such as herbals. (pages 164-166) Index entries were not always alphabetized by considering every letter in a word from beginning to end, as people are wont to do today. Most early indexes were arranged only by the first letter of the first word, the rest being left in no particular order at all. Gradually, alphabetization advanced to an arrangement by the first syllable, that is, the first two or three letters, the rest of an entry still being left unordered. Only very few indexes compiled in the 16th and early 17th centuries had fully alphabetized entries, but by the 18th century full alphabetization became the rule... (p. 136) (For more information on the subject of indexes, please see Professor Wellisch's Indexing from A to Z, which contains an account of an indexer being punished by having his ears lopped off, a history of narrative indexing, an essay on the zen of indexing, and much more. Please, if you quote from this page, CREDIT THE AUTHOR. Thanks.) Indexes go way back beyond the 17th century. The Gerardes Herbal from the 1590s had several fascinating indexes according to Hilary Calvert. Barbara Cohen writes that the alphabetical listing in the earliest ones only went as far as the first letter of the entry... no one thought at first to index each entry in either letter-by-letter or word-by-word order. Maja-Lisa writes that Peter Heylyn's 1652 Cosmographie in Four Bookes includes a series of tables at the end. They are alphabetical indexes and he prefaces them with "Short Tables may not seeme proportionalble to so long a Work, expecially in an Age wherein there are so many that pretend to learning, who study more the Index then they do the Book."
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Pliny the Elder (died 79 A.D.) wrote a massive work called The Natural History in 37 Books. It was a kind of encyclopedia that comprised information on a wide range of subjects. In order to make it a bit more user friendly, the entire first book of the work is nothing more than a gigantic table of contents in which he lists, book by book, the various subjects discussed. He even appended to each list of items for each book his list of Greek and Roman authors used in compiling the information for that book. He indicates in the very end of his preface to the entire work that this practice was first employed in Latin literature by Valerius Soranus, who lived during the last part of the second century B.C. and the first part of the first century B.C. Pliny's statement that Soranus was the first in Latin literature to do this indicates that it must have already been practiced by Greek writers.
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com14912
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The good hand of God favored our beginnings," Bradford mused, by "sweeping away great multitudes of the natives ... that he might make room for us.
A sentiment that was echoed by Cotton Mather in Magnalia Christi Americana in 1702.
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robbing Indian houses and graves
Not part of the story we usually focus on...
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www.historians.org www.historians.orgWhite Lies10
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Warren’
I suppose I may be a bit biased, being a "Warren" college student. ; ) In all honesty however it is likely that it is the high profile nature of the claim, and the intense politicization that brings so much publicity to this particular case.
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Donald Trump, have mocked the senator’s claims by calling her “Pocahontas.”
Wow! such a shame :(
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Ultimately, the panel expressed hope that instead of continuing to double down on her ancestry claims
What more can Elizabeth Warren do to placate the Cherokee? It looks like this might seriously hurt her campaign, and if she does become president, then this could simply sour relations between the United States and the Cherokee. Some have accepted her apology, and “understand that she apologized for causing confusion on tribal sovereignty and tribal citizenship and the harm that has resulted,” Julie Hubbard, a spokeswoman for the tribe said. “The chief and secretary of state appreciate that she has reaffirmed that she is not a Cherokee Nation citizen or a citizen of any tribal nation.”
But others are still not satisfied. “This still isn’t transparent,” said Twila Barnes, a Cherokee genealogist who has been critical of Ms. Warren’s claims of native ancestry since it became national news in 2012. “She needs to go public and say she fully takes responsibility and that the DNA test was ridiculous. There is still something about this that feels off.” It seems that only time will tell in this case. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/us/politics/elizabeth-warren-cherokee-dna.html
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eugenics
I believe the precise term to be used here is Anthropometry, or human measurement, which was a key aspect of pre-genetic Eugenic ideology, and continues today in genetic biology, under more 'subtle' labels such as euthanizing, sterilizing, or preventing intermarriage between people with 'genetic diseases.' http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/html/eugenics/static/themes/6.html (I mean i'm not saying I am denying genetic disease research and treatment is based on science, but so was eugenics back in the day, it's just science has 'improved' since then... or has it? Maybe, but it is policy that is more important in these regards.)
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“Native nations have a fundamental right to weigh in when one makes a claim to kinship.”
What does this mean exactly? This is extremely important and I don't know exactly what is being articulated here.
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ancestry, background, and blood, rather than citizenship, nationhood, and sovereignty, which subtly undermines recognition and the sovereign status of tribal nations.
This isn't really subtle at all. Most of the public I speak to outside of my family and college seem to view Native Americans as a racial classification that receives certain government benefits as reparations based on past discrimination. Reservations tend to be spoken of as segregated zones, rather than sovereign nations. Public misconceptions by Non-Natives seem to inform the issue.
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Warren’s statement betrays a deep misunderstanding of Native nationhood. “Even though histories of colonialism have made our processes of defining citizenship messy, complicated, painful, and even racist,” he said, “Native nations have a fundamental right to weigh in when one makes a claim to kinship.”
This statement is vague because it does not clarify what the misunderstanding is, and what it means to weigh in, and precisely what kinship means. Ethically, what is the distinction here? Did Warren make an ethical violation when she publicly claimed to have Cherokee ancestry, without first notifying tribal authority? What constitutes as kinship, versus ancestry. It seems to take the power away from individual identity, and grant it to institutions. It is an opportunity cost of self-determination. What would be the proper course of action for Warren to take afterwards? Make a public apology, or publicly make a statement denying kinship?
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“I am not enrolled in a tribe, and only tribes determine tribal citizenship. I understand and respect that distinction. But my family history is my family history.”
Based on this Rhetoric, she sounds sincere, but what is so controversial about this statement? Are there other statements where she made different kind of claims?
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“They all descend from full-blooded Cherokee great-grandmothers,”
Assimilation and 'whitewashing' could indeed produce a large number of un-enrolled people who are of Cherokee descent, and also produce false accounts where people genuinely believe they have some Cherokee ancestry but are mistaken based on an old family story. What is implied here is that there is a malicious, intentional fabrication of Native Ancestry to advance one's own personal agenda. There is a fine line between a claim that should illicit the response, "Really? How neat, what an interesting heritage story," and "I see under race/ethnicity you put down 'Cherokee' on your application. That is very serious claim, do you have any documentation?" I think there is a difference. How harmful is it for someone to claim 'unofficial' or unverifiable ancestry, and what problems does this present? How should these be viewed/enforced differently.
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“I Have a Native Ancestor”
Only a fraction of a percentage of Americans claim to be Cherokee, but high profile cases make a big impact. "In 2000, the federal census reported that 729,533 (0.26%) Americans self-identified as Cherokee. By 2010, that number increased, with the Census Bureau reporting that 819,105 (0.26%) Americans claimed at least one Cherokee ancestor" https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2015/10/cherokee-blood-why-do-so-many-americans-believe-they-have-cherokee-ancestry.html
About 300,000 Cherokee are enrolled, so that is under half of all Americans who claim to be of Cherokee descent. In other words, there is about 3 Americans who claim to be Cherokee for every 2 enrolled Cherokee. It is difficult to say how big of a problem this really is; it could be a minor inconvenience, or it could be a catastrophic threat. It is difficult to say how this should or can be enforced. It could be that a simple fine could dissuade people, or even a public service announcement, or this may be a breach of freedom of speech. Maybe only in instances where fraud is involved, for financial gains or in high profile cases? It is hard to say.
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www-jstor-org.bsuproxy.mnpals.net www-jstor-org.bsuproxy.mnpals.net
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onald Worster, i
I did a quick wikipedia search and read about Dr. Worster being considered one of the most influential voices on Environmental History. There is a quote at the end of the page where he defined farms as "domesticated ecologies" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Worster
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tritoned.ucsd.edu tritoned.ucsd.edu
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Critics always are the Ìrst to point to the excesses and potential for crime and to give examples of criminal activity; however, every tribe must be free and empowered to be able to determine the course of their nation.
This seems to be at the heart of the issue. Indian gaming can best be viewed as an exercise in self determination, and an important asset on the road towards economic self sufficiency.
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ese questions must be answered on a case-by-case, tribe-by-tribe basis
In the readings, this seems to be a recurring theme. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, no magic bullet solution that will work for all tribes, which are highly diverse in values, economy, and needs.
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Downey Home Man changes into a but-terÈy, Èies into the kiva, and leads the girls out to safety. Earth Winner is full of trickery and changes into a white butterÈy “to lure them away from the young man.”
This is a really epic story. The theme of butterflies makes sense because of butterfly migrations through the region.
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Bisti Badlands
They are rather spectacular. https://dgomag.com/contents/get-outta-town-bisti-badlands-near-farmington-nm-2751
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). However, there is a need for more research regarding per capita and its impact on the social fabric of tribal communities.
That might be a good opportunity for someone studying Native American History to pursue! It seems like an exciting topic to research.
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e murder-for-hire plot added to the already precarious image of gaming in Southern California.
Can this be considered defamation? It must have had a substantial monetary impact.
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e genocide in California was nearly successful.
"The California Genocide refers to actions in the mid to late 19th century by the United States federal, state, and local governments that resulted in the decimation of the indigenous population of California following the U.S. occupation of California in 1846.
Actions included encouragement of volunteers and militias to kill unarmed men, women and children.
Location California
Date 1846–1873 Target Indigenous Californians Attack type: Genocide, ethnic cleansing Deaths 4,500-16,000 Indigenous Californians outright killed, thousands more died due to disease and other causes Perpetrators: United States Army, California State Militia, white settlers"
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But most agree
This is problematic. Most scholars agree, but does the United States government? Does the American Public? Outside of Historians and scholars, do most agree?
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Fuck Indians
Really? Wow, now that's hate speech. Fuck whoever sprayed that, seriously.
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). e Mashantucket Pequot have withstood racism regarding their “low blood quantum
In other words, "They don't LOOK Indian." Whatever that means and who's the judge of that, other than their tribe?
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Does Indian gaming increase crime on reservations and oÅ reservation? Generally, it does not increase crime.
This is an important statement. It is a commonly accepted narrative that must be challenged. It is considered 'common sense' to the average American that Indian gaming increases crime in America, because it attracts organized crime, or money laundering or some such narrative. Media portrayal is invariably consistent with this. James Bond would be less cool if he were gambling at a Casino and he WASN'T attacked by mobsters. Right?
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“need to control criminal activity associated with gambling and the alleged inability of tribes to deal with such crime” (Mason , )
While controlling criminal activity is important, doesn't it fall under jurisdiction of tribal law enforcement? Even organized crime?
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- May 2019
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tritoned.ucsd.edu tritoned.ucsd.edu
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“What happens in Vegas, stays in Vega
I have always considered this term to have a sexual connotation, but did not associate it specifically with use by male visitors potential to encourage gender violence, especially in the context of Native American women.
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Indian gaming causes crime, deteriorates neighborhoods, and gives Indians special privileges in the form of casinos and sovereignty
This sounds like economic envy! What is the problem with these 'special privileges?' A sovereign nation can use its independence as it pleases, but this is a decision that they must make and assume responsibility for; what about Swiss banks? They have an international reputation for better or for worse.
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face of Indian Country and the nation as a whole.
It can sometimes be overlooked that Native American issues can have a drastic impact on the nation as a whole, the development of a massive gaming industry is an example of this, also natural resources such as fossil fuels and uranium.
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©ª « ¬ª® ̄
Cheryl Redhorse Bennett is an author, as well as an "Assistant Professor in American Indian Studies at Arizona State University. Bennett is an enrolled citizen of the Navajo Nation and also descended from the Comanche Nation." And focuses on issues such as justice and violence against Native Americans and their communities.
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www.britannica.com www.britannica.com
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uring World War I as a chemist at Hammersley Paper Mill and then won a scholarship to Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where she earned a doctorate in biochemistry in 1923
High school- top of her class, earning her a scholarship to Goucher College (1918, studied zoology and chemistry).
World War I- worked as a chemist at Hammersley Paper mIll, earned a scholarshiip to Yale University (1923, doctrates in biochem).
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1937–38, as a Guggenheim fellow at the University of Uppsala, Sweden, she invented a means of isolating and purifying the active substance in tuberculin
Post doctoral research at University of Chicago Taught Pathology (Sprague Memorial Institute) and Biochem (UPENN's Henry Phipps Institute)
University of Uppsala (Sweden) 1937-38 as a Guggenheim fellow, invented technique to isolate and purify active substance in tuberculin----- protein substance from tuberculosis causing bacillus Myobacterium Tuberulosis Produced first purified protein derivative tuberculin, enabled first reliable tuberculin test
1941, US adopts as standard test 1952, World Health Organization adopts standard test
Still in Use today
1958- retired from teaching. Served as a consultant to the United States Public Health Service
- Director of Cancer Research Laboratory @ Mound Park Hospital (aka Bayfront Medical Center) St. Petersburg
1990- Inducted into National Women's Hall of Fame
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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Ah, Jane, I take your place now, and you must go lower, because I am a married woman
Traditionally your rank in life stated where you sat at the dinner table. Since Lydia was the first Bennet daughter to be married, she took Jane's spot on her father's right. A married women came before the eldest daughters and the older daughter was superior than the younger children in rank. (John Trusler, The Honours of the Table, 4)
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— shire
Throughout her books you will see that Austen redacts some peoples and places names with --. It was common during the 18th and 19th century for authors to do so to either avoid inaccuracies or avoid being accused of writing about real people and places. By not giving the name of the militia that Wickham was a part of, Austen is able to continue the realism of her novels by avoiding creating a fictitious place while also separating her characters from any real people who would not want to be affiliated with the actions of Wickham.<br> https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/9479/why-in-old-books-are-dates-often-given-with-the-years-redacted
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breakfast-room
A breakfast room was designed to be in close proximity to the kitchen. This room was designed to offer a relaxing and comfortable space to have the first meal of the day.
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carriage was sent to meet them at — , and they were to return in it by dinner-time.
Hackneys, or public carriages for hire, made their first significant appearance in the early 17th century. By 1694, this method of transportation was very popular so the Hackney Coach Commission was established in London.
https://janeaustensworld.wordpress.com/tag/regency-transportation/
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thousand pounds
The buying power of a thousand pounds, is equivalent to the buying power of $87,093 US dollars today.
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She sat intently at work
"Work done with a needle; spec. the art or practice of sewing or embroidery. Also: sewn or embroidered items collectively" (OED).
A lady can continue her light needlework during morning calls, but all other activities must be stopped at the entrance of guests.<br> http://www.mrsbeeton.com/01-chapter1.html
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Here, Sarah, come to Miss Bennet this moment, and help her on with her gown. Never mind Miss Lizzy’s hair.”
The social and economic status of a family could be determined by the number of servants in a household. The Bennets could only afford the essential staff needed to maintain the home: a butler, housekeeper, cook, and two housemaids. Here, a Lady's Maid would usually perform the duties of dressing and fixing the hair of the ladies of the house. Sarah might be a maid-of-all-work, undertaking all the duties of the home that would usually be assigned to various hired maids.
https://www.kristenkoster.com/a-primer-on-regency-era-servants/
http://www.jasna.org/persuasions/on-line/vol35no1/walshe.html
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dressing-room
A room primarily used during one's morning routine for dressing and washing. A woman's dressing room was made to be private and comfortable, and the intimacy of these small places allowed women to entertain small parties of other female guests. The wealthier the woman, the more luxurious her dressing room.
https://janeaustensworld.wordpress.com/tag/18th-century-dressing-rooms/
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He is gone to my father already
The Hardwicke Act for the Prevention of Clandestine Marriages passed in 1754, enforcing couples marrying in England to follow certain rules in order to be legally married. One of these rules was obtaining the consent of the father. Any couple under twenty-one needed the consent of a parent or guardian if the child was legitimate. If a couple married without consent, then by law their marriage was void.
https://byuprideandprejudice.wordpress.com/2014/01/28/courtship-and-marriage-in-the-regency-period/
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www.sourcewatch.org www.sourcewatch.org
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Dr Arthur Hull Hayes was appointed as Commissioner of the FDA the day after Reagan's inauguration.[34] In 1981, Hayes sought advice on aspartame's ban from a panel of FDA scientists and a lawyer. It soon became clear that the panel would uphold the ban by a 3-2 decision, but Hull then installed a sixth member on the commission, and the vote became deadlocked.[34] He then personally broke the tie in aspartame's favor.
Taking advantage of the ability to appoint voters in order to manipulate the government in favor of aspartame, aspartame was approved under Ronald Reagan’s administration.
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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curricle
Unlike a carriage, which is four-wheeled; a curricle is two-wheeled. Both are drawn by horses and this picture showcases how lavish a curricle can be.
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livery
This picture showcases that a livery is very fine and elegant. An emphasis is focused on the fancy standard that is within the uniform's conception.
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Her teeth are tolerable
During the 1770's dentistry was becoming a popular subject and profession. The higher the class the more access to sweets that could cause cavities and decay in teeth. However, these classes also had access to tooth powders and picks (Jane Austen's England: Daily Life in Georgian and Regency Periods).
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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all meeting frequently at St. James’s
The Palace of St. James was where the royals like King George III lived prior to Buckingham Palace. They would host balls in celebrations of "official nativities of the King and Queen" (Thompson) where people of Sir William's rank and higher attended. Sir William is referencing an earlier scene in chapter six asking Darcy if he ever danced at St. James's. (http://www.jasna.org/persuasions/on-line/vol33no1/thompson.html)
(https://janeaustenslondon.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/st-jamess-palace-1-copy.jpg) -
properly sanctioned
“Allowed by Authority” Marriages must be recognized by both law and God to be proper (OED).
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dougengelbart.org dougengelbart.org
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Other situations might admit changes requiring years of special training, very expensive equipment, or the use of special drugs.
My reply to another post about historical context might be helpful. https://hyp.is/R07lQCldEem5RmPv1ywB5g/worrydream.com/Engelbart/
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www.siding14brewing.com www.siding14brewing.com
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All "mainline" beers based on historic railroad culture; Many mentions of local ingredients; many mentions of brewed in the "classic style of...."
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tritoned.ucsd.edu tritoned.ucsd.edu
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The question I would like to put forth to this conference, to the delegates of other countries here present is that why have you not rec-ognized us as sovereign people before? Why did we have to travel this dis-tance to come to you? Had you not thought that the U.S. government in its deliberate and systematic attempt to suppress us, had you not thought that was the reason that they did not want to recognize us as sovereign people?
Here is the original question again, but elaborated.
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Why Have You Not Recognized Us as Sovereign People Before?”
Is this question answered in the passage?
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terminate
Possible rhetorical response to termination policy, which was opposed by Indian movements. Taking the term termination and cleverly re-applying it, transforming the concept.
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we are united by blood
Reminds me of blood quantum racial thought, but applied to pan-Indian movement, and more broadly applied outside the United States! Inclusive, rather than exclusive.
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I have a message of Panama. “The Indian women of Panama greet our inseparable companions in the struggle, in the Indian movement that are present here today to question and to achieve positive acts for our nations.
Using a current event as an example to prove their point. Linking current issues to American history to influence policy decisions.
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We are undergoing a modern form called sterilization, which has been going on for hundreds of years, to totally exterminate the Red man.
Explicitly framing the issue of sterilization as being consistent with an underlying motivation of genocide, based on a persistent dynamic of Native American destruction that predates the use of the term genocide, but fits the definition.
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sterilization abuse to sovereignty, genocide, and global indigeneity.
I wonder if framing the problem as human rights issues is related structurally in any way to post-Vietnam war era rhetoric about the Nigerian civil war...
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Consider how Sanchez, who became a tribal judge on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation
Interesting position title, about self-determination through governance of tribes by members, for positions such as judges.
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Women of All Red Nations (WARN)
This, as well as DRUMS, are examples of creative acronyms that are easily recognizable and gain media attention in this era. One negative example coined by opponents is CREEP, for re-electing Nixon.
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www.mercurynews.com www.mercurynews.com
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Just over half of the state’s tribes operate casinos, but only 16 are full Vegas-style resorts. And 47 of the state’s 109 tribes have no casinos at all, with some reservations still struggling to provide running water and electricity. “Not all tribes are rich from gaming,” Vialpando said.
Wow, this is some important context... the industry is unequally distributed and doesn't help the less fortunate tribes!
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Two centuries of slaughter, land theft and discrimination have left California’s Native Americans with lower median incomes and education levels coupled with higher rates of poverty and unemployment than the general population.
The 'plight' rhetoric.
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might give Native Americans an unfair advantage in the market.
Same rationalization as in some of the readings!
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“It’s a long pattern in this state,” Vialpando said. “There’s a history of marginalizing tribes. There’s a history of not wanting to engage with tribes.”
In this context, the Tribes being unfairly barred from this new market is not so surprising, but how is this implemented, and by whom?
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The Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel opened the Mountain Source cannabis store about two weeks ago, in the front part of a failed casino that tribal leaders abandoned in 2014.
Casino failed, locals had to adapt.
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a building that once let visitors try their hand at slot machines and poker tables is now a shop that sells cannabis flower and marijuana-infused truffles.
Gambling -> Marijuana
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are being shut out In a state where weed is legal, groups hope for equal footing.
This is interesting, and highly unexpected! Tribes not allowed to grow, but the rest of the state IS!
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new gambling fo
Example of gambling linked to marijuana as a concept of tribal different legal restrictions to federal law.
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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barouche-box
Similar in style to the modern day convertible, the barouche-box was a four-wheeled carriage with a falling top. It had two sets of double seats, positioned to face each other, and a seat for the driver, called the box, outside of the carriage. Due to its light, somewhat flimsy design, it was regarded as a summer carriage. -
Netherfield ball
Ball that Mr. Bingley invites the Bennet family to. This ball was a way for Mr. Bingley to spend more time courting Jane. This was the proper way for men to court women in this time. It was also an opportunity for Elizabeth to spend time with Wickham but when he doesn't show up, Elizabeth spends time with Mr. Darcy, pushing their complicated love story further. Mr. Darcy also uses the ball as a proper way to court Elizabeth in his own way.
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Daughters are never of so much consequence to a father.
In Austen's time, the importance of passing down a legacy to a male heir is heavily stressed. Oftentimes things like property and money are passed down to the nearest male heir, even if that means skipping any direct children for inheritance. It is very rare for a woman to inherit.
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Miss De Bourgh exerted herself so far as to curtsey and hold out her hand to both
Curtsying is a sign of respect typically used by those of lower status to address those of higher status. In this case, Anne De Bourgh is showing deference to Elizabeth and Lady Catherine curtsying first, which is somewhat strange, considering she is of higher status. By holding her hands out, she is also expecting a similar show of respect back.
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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I may suffer from the want of money. Younger sons cannot marry where they like.”
In 18th century finances, typically, the oldest son is the one who usually inherits most of the family money and estates, leaving the younger sons to look for wealth through marriages to women of wealthy families. "Younger sons with no expectations of succeeding to any paternal property, might come to inherit the estates of much wealthier families to whose heiresses they could never have hoped to aspire."
Clay, Christopher. “Marriage, Inheritance, and the Rise of Large Estates in England, 1660-1815.” The Economic History Review, vol. 21, no. 3, 1968, pp. 503–518. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2592747.
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but fifteen
The Marriage Act of 1753, or Lord Hardwicke's Act, prohibited marriages for those under 21 without a parent or guardian's consent (Marriage Act 1753, PERFAR https://www.perfar.eu/policies/marriage-act-1753)
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The envelope itself was likewise full.
The cost of a letter was dependent on length and number of pages. Likewise, envelopes didn't come into common use until 1840 (Leslie Adkins, Jane Austen's England, 235-236).
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tritoned.ucsd.edu tritoned.ucsd.edu
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In short, the Indians ask for assis-tance, technical and financial, for the time needed, however long that may be, to regain in the America of the space age some measure of the adjust-ment they enjoyed as the original possessors of their native land.
The wording here is not entirely clear to me... what is "Some measure of the adjustment they enjoyed?"
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We insist again that this is not special pleading. We ask only that the United States be true to its own traditions and set an example to the world in fair dealing.
Here is the problem! "We ask" Instead of "We demand"
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Consider whether the following excerpts from the Declaration of Indian Purpose should be read as blatantly milquetoast or latently radical and how the authors attempted to transform Indian politics into a Cold War imperative.
This document is a criticism of the Declaration of Indian Purpose, and seeks to re-analyse and re-examine how Indian Interests and rhetorical/political strategies have evolved in the past 20 years.
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Challenges came from conservatives who feared its critical edge would be seen as un-American and ardent nationalists who believed that it did not go far enough in demanding sovereignty.
Calling out the opposition and it's motivation. Explaining where the challenges for Native Americans are coming from, and posturing politically.
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Declaration of Indian Purpose’
Framing this 1961 document in relation to the previous 1944, canonizing these with a shared Native American History within an explicitly recognized narrative. This is the framework that the author chooses to present this message.
https://americanindianmovementehs.weebly.com/ "The Declaration of Indian Purpose is a book concerning the founding of the National Congress of American Indians in 1944. - 64 Indian tribes met in Chicago to emphasize "the right to choose their own way of life" and "the responsibility of preserving their precious heritage."
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tritoned.ucsd.edu tritoned.ucsd.edu
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The drums of our eternal people will sound once more forever across our lands.
They mention brain-washing-Uncle-Tomakawkification ostensibly a reference to Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, or more specifically the characterization of portrayal of Blacks in media as a caricature of white stereotypes typical of blackface minstrelsy, at the expense of Black interests, in order to appeal to white audiences. Appropriating this to the stereotypical portrayal of Native Americans as savage, or primitive, but then they mention recognizable 'stereotypes' such as ancient wisdom, drums, sacred hoops, mother earth, tree of peace... At first glance this segment may appear to be a contradiction, but it is a self conscious reclamation of these: they take these universally recognized symbols of colonialism and elimination, and re-brand them to represent an enduring authentic Nativism, rejecting the negative stolen usage,
http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/interpret/exhibits/tomming/tomminghp.html
" In the novel Tom is not an "Uncle Tom," which the dictionary defines as a black person who abjectly sells out the interests of his race to curry favor with the white power structure. Malcolm X's speeches and his Autobiography are probably most directly responsible for giving the term the rhetorical force it has today."
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or die, or
How accurate is this assessment? What basis or evidence is there that the Indian organizations failed? Were these not the organizations that EMPOWERED movements such as the United Indians of All Tribes in the first place? From a historical perspective, this seems to be the trend, but at the time, perhaps this was not what was perceived...
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While President Lyndon Johnson pledged his support for self-determination in March 1968,
Vietnam War era president, Kent State Massacre, Kennedy Assassination; great social anxiety and fear of civil unrest, tumultuous time in American society and media-coverage of fears in America at the time.
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The occupation of Alcatraz has seen the beginnings of a concept of unity long dreamed of by all our people.
Pan Tribal/Pan Indian Rhetoric. By taking the initiative, they seek to garner support from the momentum of the already growing Pan-Indian movement. Much of this momentum was hard won by political maneuvering and legal battles, and peaceful protesting such as civil disobedience through fishing. But this decisive, militant action is an expression of that prevously gained power, and a great risk!
"Pan-Indigenousism, formerly Pan-Indianism, is a philosophy and movement promoting unity among different Indigenous American groups in the Americas regardless of tribal or local affiliations."
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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“On the ground in Syria,” he continued, “Assad is doing everything he can to make sure the physical evidence [of potential human-rights violations] is destroyed, and the digital evidence, too. The combination of all this—the filters, the machine-learning algorithms, and new laws—will make it harder for us to document what’s happening in closed societies.” That, he fears, is what dictators want.
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Google and Facebook break out the numbers in their quarterly transparency reports. YouTube pulled 33 million videos off its network in 2018—roughly 90,000 a day. Of the videos removed after automated systems flagged them, 73 percent were removed so fast that no community members ever saw them. Meanwhile, Facebook removed 15 million pieces of content it deemed “terrorist propaganda” from October 2017 to September 2018. In the third quarter of 2018, machines performed 99.5 percent of Facebook’s “terrorist content” takedowns. Just 0.5 percent of the purged material was reported by users first.Those statistics are deeply troubling to open-source investigators, who complain that the machine-learning tools are black boxes.
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“We were collecting, archiving, and geolocating evidence, doing all sorts of verification for the case,” Khatib recalled. “Then one day we noticed that all the videos that we had been going through, all of a sudden, all of them were gone.”It wasn’t a sophisticated hack attack by pro-Assad forces that wiped out their work. It was the ruthlessly efficient work of machine-learning algorithms deployed by social networks, particularly YouTube and Facebook.
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annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net
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entail
"Law. The action of entailing; the state of being entailed. The settlement of the succession of a landed estate, so that it cannot be bequeathed at pleasure by anyone possessor; the rule of descent settled for any estate; the fixed or prescribed line of devolution" (OED).
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