TRSP Desirable Characteristics

The type of funding (e.g. grants, donations, memberships) and the organisation(s) that fund the repository.

Viele New Yorker Juristen, darunter namhafte Staatsanwälte, unterstützen eine Resolution zur strafrechtlichen Verfolgung der großen Ölgesellschaften. Vorgeworfen wird den Firmen, fossile Brennstoffe über Jahrzehnte verkauft zu haben, ohne über die ihnen bekannten Gefahren zu informieren oder diese zu berücksichtigen. Gefordert wird eine Klage wegen fahrlässiger Gefährdung von Menschenleben. Dazu muss nicht nachgewiesen werden, dass der Tod bestimmter Menschen durch die Konzerne verursacht wurde https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/oct/17/new-york-big-oil-fueling-climate-disasters

BP investiert in die Erschließung neuer fossiler Lagerstätten und hat damit den Plan aufgegeben, seine Öl- und Gasproduktion bis 2030 um 25% zu senken. Dieser Plan war bereits eine Abschwächung des ursprünglichen Ziels einer Reduktion um 40%. Wie andere große Ölfirmen konzentriert sich BP auf kurzfristige zusätzliche Gewinne aus dem Öl- und Gasgeschäft statt auf die - ohnehin zu geringen - Investitionen in die Energiewende. DIEEE Stategie treibt die globale Erhitzung weiter an. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2024/oct/07/bp-abandoning-plan-to-cut-oil-output-angers-green-groups

for - sustainable manufacturing - cosmolocal production

for - sustainable manufacturing - cosmolocal production

for - scalable fabrication technique - sustainable building - insulation - windows - beer hops aerogel

scalable fabrication technique - sustainable building - insulation - windows - beer hops aerogel - This fabrication process is highly scalable (Fig. 2a–c) and compatible with roll-to-roll processing, - It combines simple steps: - Moulding to define the volume of the desired hydrogel, - Solvent exchanges at modestly elevated temperatures<br /> - Rolling and drying the gels atop plastic support in rolls - step 1 - Process wood-pulp-derived cellulose nanofibres - via 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation of native cellulose25,35,36,37 - (Methods and Supplementary Fig. 3). - This process affects the surface charges associated with the carboxylate anion preclude aggregation25,30 of the nanofibres, - which form stable aqueous colloidal dispersions at varying concentrations - step 2 - Pour solution into moulds of desired shapes and sizes - (Methods and Supplementary Figs. 3 and 4) - step 3 - Adding acid interlinks these nanofibres by hydrogen bonds between the carboxyl groups, - transforming the colloidal dispersion into a hydrogel - (Supplementary Fig. 4b) - with a network of sparse nanofibres - step 4 - Exchange the fluid medium within the gel by - replacing water with isopropanol or ethanol - (Fig. 2a,b and Supplementary Fig. 4c,d), - Step 5 - Super critically dry it to form an aerogel - (Fig. 2c and Supplementary Fig. 5a–d)

for - beer hop aerogel - sustainable building - super insulator - window insulation film - transparent super insulator - aerogel alternative - university of Colorado - beer waste

for - sustainable building - super insulator - sustainable building - affordable aerogel insulator - from - youtube - aerogel - question - how circular is the Fraunhofer aerogel production technique?

from - youtube - aerogel - Fraunhofer Institute - https://hyp.is/_JmJGhU4Ee-0tnt7qAHc_w/docdrop.org/video/llKF0a0bnhk/

for - sustainable building - insulation research - Fraunhofer Institute - aerogel - performance - mixed with plaster is twice the performance of polystyrene

for - sustainable building - insulation - aerogel - production date target - 6 years (2029)

for - sustainable building manufacturer - PROCERAM GmbH & Co

for - sustainable building - low cost building insulation - cellulose aerogel

for - sustainable building - rammed earth - example - China - low cost - people-built

Bericht über die Zerstörung der Mangrovenwälder in El Salvador und über Projekte zur Renaturierung. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/sep/05/mangroves-el-salvador-forests

for - sustainable transportation - velocar sources - IHPVA - international human powered vehicle association - branches

for - question - sustainable cities - how did the contradiction of sustainability and cities posed by Herbert Girardet in 1999 get resolved?

for - building new sustainable cities

summary - Building new "sustainable cities from nothing often does not consider the embodied energy required to do so. When that is considered, it is usually not viable - A context where it is viable is where there is extreme poverty and inequality

to - Why do old places matter? - sustainability - https://hyp.is/vlBLGlQFEe-EpqflmmlqnQ/savingplaces.org/stories/why-do-old-places-matter-sustainability

19:16

sustainable building - passive hvac - building temperature regulation - PCM

for - sustainable building - phase change material - PCM - DIY - wearable cooling vest - phase change material - PCM

for - sustainable building - PCM - phase change material

for - sustainable building - engineered stone - health ban - sustainable construction - engineered stone - health ban

for - stone age 2.0 - stone and lime - new stone age - stone and lime - sustainable building - stone and lime - post-modern construction - sustainable construction - stone and lime - post-modern construction

for - sustainable building - stone age 2.0 - quote - stone age 2.0 - post-modern stone building

quote - stone age 2.0 - post modern stone building - What is required in the first half of the 21st century is a new form of post-modern construction, - relevant to contemporary needs but as - sustainable and as - environmentally benign - as pre-industrial traditional building used to be.

for - post-modern sustainable building - RIBA President Alex Gordon - 1970s proposal for stone system - ignored

for - sustainable building - stone age 2.0 - stone for compression - post-tensioned steel rods for tension

for - sustainable building - lime is better than cement - it faciliates reuse

for - sustainable building - cement mortar is the worst thing for re-using bricks

for - quote - sustainable building - concrete paradox

quote - sustainable building - concrete paradox - It does not make sense today to: - quarry limestone, - burn it with aluminium and a few other ingredients at extremely high temperatures to create a powder that is - mixed with - water, - sand and - gravel - to convert it back into a solid material. - And concrete is not good in tension. - It has to be reinforced with steel in order to build with it.

https://web.archive.org/web/20240715081505/https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/fluege-klimaneutral-100.html

for - fake meat - Bezos Center for Sustainable Protein

for - sustainable food system - food preservation - canning - pickling - pantry

for - sustainable building - affordable aerogel insulation - Fraunhofer Institute

to - Fraunhofer Institute - press release - aerogel - https://hyp.is/_JmJGhU4Ee-0tnt7qAHc_w/docdrop.org/video/llKF0a0bnhk/

Die G20-Staaten haben fossile Energien 2022 mit dem Rekordbetrag von 1,4 Milliarden Dollar subventioniert, so ein neuer Bericht des International Institute for Sustainable Development. Ein großer Teil dieser Subventionen wurde als Reaktion auf die Energiekrise nach der russischen Invasion der Ukraine gezahlt. Die Subventionen stehen im Widerspruch zur Selbstverpflichtung bei der COP26, fossile Subventionen abzubauen. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/aug/23/g20-poured-more-than-1tn-on-fossil-fuel-subsidies-despite-cop26-pledges-report

Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die COP28 mit dem Emissions Peak für Treibhausgase zusammenfallen könnte. Um das 1,5°-Ziel zu erreichen, müssten allerdings die Emissionen bis 2030 um die Hälfte sinken. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2023/nov/29/cop28-what-could-climate-conference-achieve

Staaten, die von der Viehwirtschaft abhängig sind, haben über Jahre großen Druck auf die FAO ausgeübt, Forschungsergebnisse zu den Methanemissionen durch Vieh zurückzuhalten. Wichtige Berichte wurden nicht publiziert. Wahrscheinlich wurde auch das volle Ausmaß der Treibhausgasemissionen durch die Viehzucht bewusst nicht dargestellt. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/oct/20/ex-officials-at-un-farming-fao-say-work-on-methane-emissions-was-censored

Livestock's Long Shadow: https://www.fao.org/3/a0701e/a0701e.pdf

sustainable building - DIY geodesic dome plans - geo-dome.co.uk

for - sustainable building - geodesic dome greenhouse tunnels - DIY - low cost

C40 High Impact Accelerators - sustainable cities - downscaled planetary boundaries

for - renewable energy - Rondo Energy - Thermal heat battery - sustainable industrial heating

for - sustainable furniture - growing furniture - growing trees into furniture - Full Grown

question - can we grow and shape bamboo in the same way?

for - urban planning - tools - sustainable cities - Next Generation Cities Institute - TPF - LCE

for - sustainable transportation - solar powered car - Aptera

for - sustainable architecture - a new stone age - the return of stone - meme - a new stone age

story details - Title: Why the time is ripe for a return to stone as a structural material - Author: Steve Webb - Date: 2023, May 29 - source: https://www.ribaj.com/intelligence/stone-as-a-structural-material-embodied-carbon-sustainability

meme - new stone age

summary - Stone buildings have lasted millenia. Compared to steel, concrete and CLT, post-tensioned stone has the least embodied energy of all. - Could we also modernize ancient animal and human powered labor to create a low carbon stone building industry? -

Eine Empfehlung des Zusammenschlusses nationaler Akademien der Wissenschaften und eine zusammenfassende Studie zum globalen Plastiksystem empfehlen die Reduktion des Verbrauchs um 50% und eine Reihe weiterer Schritte wie das fast vollständige Recycling von Plastik und die Produktion aus Biomaterialien. Anlass sind die Verhandlungen zum internationalen Plastikabkommen. Plastikproduktion und Verbrauch führen schon jetzt – abgesehen von zahlreichen anderen negativen Folgen – zu Emissionen von ca einer Gigatonne CO2 im Jahr. Ohne drastische Änderungen wird sich diese Menge vervielfachen. https://www.derstandard.de/story/3000000205422/wissenschaft-fordert-radikale-abkehr-von-herkoemmlicher-plastikproduktion

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06939-z.epdf?sharing_token=-UPbgMcUGHbtK4Uscd0XZdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0MMo2Wo13ejTIFhNPD522LiogzEIVWxfHy01bK9MbFLdv59qFdQ73NDNguF2Bf0icTMUsLgWI2hE3OyG7VDGuf_3LODlHS0WEkABpLs5LAtVCiW0_JyVU7n_UL0EP7LiRS0q6s0fIpcIjaEfVFyDe4cez-4KdfAAphy-2weBUevmIZv9sURtFCEk7-LtaOTCmM%3D&tracking_referrer=www.derstandard.de

for - Badgir - passive cooling - passive air conditioning - passive HVAC - sustainable architecture

Der Staat New York plant - wie einige andere Bundesstaaten - "Klimawandel" zu einem verpflichtenden Unterrichtsinhalt an den Schuhen zu machen. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/22/nyregion/nyc-climate-change-education.html

• for: key question - maximizing returns

• key question

• quote: Marjorie Kelly
  • Is maximizing returns really what we insist upon if that is the force that's driving our fragility and ecological crisis?

https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/cop28-tout-ce-quil-faut-savoir-sur-les-coalitions-centrales-pour-les-negociations-20231129_F2IDUG2PSJHRFNYD53OWK7NIT4/

good idea

Chrome doesn’t even have a scale-down option. It does have a “Minimize margins” option, but Google took a product decision to hide it behind two additional clicks in the “More Settings” section.

Bad for google

• for: sustainable consumption, individual change, impact of environmental awareness, Custora
• comment
  • individual consumption choices have an impact, but far from enough
  • system change is also required on policy and structural level
  • voluntarily reducing our income could be one way

• summary: The author makes the claim that state capture lay at the root of our polycrisis. Effectively addressing state capture is a leverage point for rapid whole system change,
• for: state capture, leverage point, rapid whole system change, saving humanity, lobbying
• title: Saving humanity: here’s a radical approach to building a sustainable and just society
• author: Mark Diesendorf
• date: May 18, 2023
• source: https://theconversation.com/saving-humanity-heres-a-radical-approach-to-building-a-sustainable-and-just-society-205566
• reference: book
  • The path to a Sustainable Civilization

• for: sustainable living, regenerative living, greenhouse living, greenhouse
• title: Living in a Greenhouse
• description
  • The Tills are a couple that operate a nursery and also built their home into the same greenhouse

• for: regenerative cities, sustainable cities, doughnut cities, earth system boundaries, urban planetary boundaries, circular cities
• comment
  • if they are envisioning a lot of cities, they need to carefully think about earth system boundaries for each city, otherwise, they will simply be adding to the problem of cascading tipping points.
  • They also have to be designed to be climate resilient as extreme weather will make any human settlement of the future very challenging

• for: sustainable transport, Cape Town, Cape Town - sustainable transport, Heinrich Boiller
• Description
  • Heinrich Boiller study on sustainable transportation for the city of Cape Town

• for: cape town transportation, minibus industry South Africa , Cape Town, sustainable transportation, informal transport
• title
  • Views 0 CrossRef citations to date 32 Altmetric Research Article The spatial and social logic of the Minibus Taxi network: how access may support social inclusion in Cape Town, South Africa
• date
  • May 24, 2021
• author
  • Ruth Joan Nelson
• source
  • Applied Mobilities
  • https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23800127.2021.1926054

Bei einem von der Firma ABB organisierten Event haben Urbanismus-Fachleute Konzepte für eine nachhaltige urbane Infrrastruktur vorgelegt. Stefano Boeri sprach sich für Städte als Archipele von energieunabhängigen „Inseln“ aus, Entscheidende Faktoren seien Energie-Gemeinschaften und Smart Grids.

ABB-Broschüre zu nachhaltiger städtischer Infrastruktur:https://cataloghi.it.abb.com/view/522012665/

https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/dossier-native/essere-protagonisti-della-sostenibilita/2023/07/11/news/una_citta_sostenibile_e_possibile_e_necessaria-407273267/

Mit der ENI wird zum ersten Mal auch in Italien eine Firma dafür angeklagt, dass sie für mehr Verbrauch von fossilen Brennstoffen warb, obwohl ihr die klimarisiken bereits seit 1970 bekannt waren. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/may/09/italian-oil-firm-eni-lawsuit-alleging-early-knowledge-climate-crisis

• Summary
  • Interesting built environment sustainable design
    • based on ancient Roman residential design technique
    • leveraging and adapting this ancient rain water harvesting to accomplish multiple functions in a modern context::
      • potable water
      • evaporative cooling
      • irrigation
      • sanitation
      • personal hygiene

{Fee-for-Service}

{Sustainable Operational Revenue}

Bei der Tagung von Weltbank und Internationalem Währungsfonds wurden nur winzige Reformschritte unternommen. Nach der Ansicht der Fachleute von NGOs werden sie nicht ausreichen um ärmeren Ländern den Kampf gegen die globale Erhitzung zur erleichtern. Nach wie vor stellt die Weltbank hohe Summen für die Finanzierung fossiler Energien zur Verfügung.

https://taz.de/Fruehjahrstagung-von-Weltbank-und-IWF/!5927897/

• picture of Chuzhi house
  • sustainable house built with combination of natural and waste materials

// abstract - summary - Rationalist approaches to environmental problems such as climate change - apply an information deficit model, - assuming that if people understand what needs to be done they will act rationally. - However, applying a knowledge deficit hypothesis often fails to recognize unconscious motivations revealed by: - social psychology, - cognitive science, - behavioral economics.

• Applying ecosystems science, data collection, economic incentives, and public education are necessary for solving problems such as climate change, but they are not sufficient.
• Climate change discourse makes us aware of our mortality
• This prompts consumerism as a social psychological defensive strategy,
• which is counterproductive to pro-environmental behavior.
• Studies in terror management theory, applied to the study of ritual and ecological conscience formation,
• suggest that ritual expressions of giving thanks can have significant social psychological effects in relation to overconsumption driving climate change.
• Primary data gathering informing this work included participant observation and interviews with contemporary Heathens in Canada from 2018–2019.

• Paraphrase
• Claim
  • earth-friendly, justice-supporting consumers cannot translate their values into meaningful impact.
• Evidence
• “the shading and distancing of commerce” Princen (1997) is an effect of information assymetry.
  • producers up and down a supply chain can hide the negative social and environmental impacts of their operations, putting conscientious consumers at a disadvantage. //
• this is a result of the evolution of alienation accelerated by the industrial revolution that created the dualistic abstractions of producers and consumers.
• Before that, producers and consumers lived often one and the same in small village settings
• After the Industrial Revolution, producers became manufacturers with imposing factories that were cutoff from the general population

• This set the conditions for opaqueness that have plagued us ever since. //

• time constraints, competing values, and everyday routines together thwart the rational intentions of well-meaning consumers (Røpke 1999)

• assigning primary responsibility for system change to individual consumers is anathema to transformative change (Maniates 2001, 2019)

• This can be broken down into three broad categories of reasons:

  • Rebound effects
    • https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=jevon%27s+paradox
    • increases in consumption consistently thwart effciency-driven resource savings across a wide variety of sectors (Stern 2020). -sustainability scholars increasingly critique “effciency” both as:
      • a concept (Shove 2018)
      • as a form of“weak sustainable consumption governance” (Fuchs and Lorek 2005).
    • Many argue that, to be successful, effciency measures must be accompanied by initiatives that limit overall levels of consumption, that is, “strong sustainable consumption governance.

  • Attitude-behavior gap

  • Behavior-impact gap

// - The power of transformation also lay in new organizational forms at the intersection of citizens as both resource users and voters. - It lay in understanding that the existing dichotomies are also created by us and we can create new forms if motivated - If there are enough of us, we can create new truly consensus forms of resource usage, such as Cosmolocal production - https://jonudell.info/h/facet/?max=100&expanded=true&user=stopresetgo&exactTagSearch=true&any=cosmolocal

// key observation

// argument against consumer sovereignty

• Quotable
• Quote

-Paraphrase - Minimum consumption standards - will ensure that individuals living now or in the future are able to satisfy their needs, safeguarding access to the necessary quality and quantity of ecological and social resources. - Maximum consumption standards* - in turn, are needed to ensure that consumption by some individuals does not threaten the opportunity for a good life for others. - Consumption corridor - Sustainable consumption corridor** - The space between the floor of minimum consumption standards and the ceiling of maximum con- sumption standards produces a sustainable consumption corridor.

COVID has demonstrated how easy it is to bring life and the economy to a complete standstill, instant reliable result testing is the only way forward, without it, we are at risk of going backwards and bring yet more pressure on the health system, businesses and the public.

This is a logical strategy for the short term, and until high density clean energy such as nuclear fusion becomes a reality.

The transition of energy and other critical provisioning systems requires inclusive debate so that a harmonized trajectory can be selected that mitigates against stranded assets. The risk of non-inclusive debate is the possibility of many fragmented approaches competing against each other and wasting precious time and resources. Furthermore, system maintenance of antiquated hyperthreat supporting systems as pointed out in Boulton's other research. System maintenance is a good explanatory concept that can help make sense of much of the incumbent financial, energy and government actors to preserve the hyperthreat out of survival motives.

A template for a compass for guiding energy trajectories is provided in Van Zyl-Bulitta et al. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333254683_A_compass_to_guide_through_the_myriad_of_sustainable_energy_transition_options_across_the_global_North_South_divide which can also be a model for other provisioning systems.

Adam Kucharski. (2021, February 6). COVID outlasts another dashboard... Https://t.co/S9kLCva3WQ Illustrates the importance of incentivising sustainable outbreak analytics—If a tool is useful, people will come to rely on it, which creates a dilemma if it can’t be maintained. [Tweet]. @AdamJKucharski. https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1357970753199763457

Upcycleluxe is India’s First Carbon Neutral & Zero-Waste Sustainable Fashion Marketplace that showcases environmental impact with a wide range of authentic organic, eco-friendly, chemical free, upcycled, zero-waste, ethical, handcrafted and circular products for everyday & occasional use.

We envision building a conscious community of fashion & lifestyle where it is our responsibility to provide knowledge, transparency, and a guilt-free shopping experience. With a mission to accelerate a mindful transition towards sustainable fashion, we strongly believe that Green is the New Luxury. All products are packaged plastic-free and explain how to be re-use after it get discarded. We plant trees from our profits to carbon offset each order delivered.

We plant trees at Sundarbans National Park for Tigers in West Bengal with proceeds from your order in association with grow-trees. It's about more than just carbon. By shopping our carbon neutral products, you're investing in projects that promise stronger communities, cleaner skies and a greener Earth!

Green computing : Workplace and data center, a real business case https://en.itpedia.nl/2021/12/11/green-computing-werkplek-datacenter-business-case/ Green computing, or green information technology, is the practice of environmentally sustainable computing. In this article we take a closer look at: Greening the workplace. A green workplace business case. * Opportunities to make Data Centers greener by: - ​​Other IT equipment. - The cooling of IT spaces. - The data center buildings.

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG

Ritchie, H. (2021). COVID’s lessons for climate, sustainability and more from Our World in Data. Nature, 598(7879), 9–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02691-4

FACT SHEET: President Biden’s Global COVID-19 Summit: Ending the Pandemic and Building Back Better. (2021, September 22). The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/22/fact-sheet-president-bidens-global-covid-19-summit-ending-the-pandemic-and-building-back-better/

Agarwala, Hemlata, and Sandeep Kaur-Ghumaan. ‘Agarwala and Ghumaan_Covid-19_Impact of Covid-19 on Women in South Asia’. PsyArXiv, 23 July 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6ycqz.

Tan, Steph H., Orchid Allicock, Mari Armstrong-Hough, and Anne L. Wyllie. ‘Saliva as a Gold-Standard Sample for SARS-CoV-2 Detection’. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 0, no. 0 (19 April 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00178-8.

To end covid-19, we must end discrimination and inequality. (2021, March 1). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/03/01/to-end-covid-19-we-must-end-discrimination-and-inequality/

How science can put the Sustainable Development Goals back on track. (2021). Nature, 589(7842), 329–330. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00104-0

Network, T. O. F. (2021, February 8). The Haves and Have-Nots: The geopolitical dilemma of COVID vaccine equity. The OECD Forum Network. http://www.oecd-forum.org/posts/the-haves-and-have-nots-the-geopolitical-dilemma-of-covid-vaccine-equity

Zu den Szenarien für ein Begrenzung der Erderwärmung auf 1,5° Celsius in diesem Jahrhundert

Deprimierender UN-Bericht über das Nicht-Erreichen der Aichi-Ziele.

MyData vs. COVID-19 calls (2020, June 5) - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpRS19STpXSWs4kTiVEx2KN5CZh6yCYI

Bianchi, F., Faccini, R., & Melosi, L. (2020). Monetary and Fiscal Policies in Times of Large Debt: Unity is Strength (Working Paper No. 27112; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27112

Fatehkia, M., Tingzon, I., Orden, A., Sy, S., Sekara, V., Garcia-Herranz, M., & Weber, I. (2020). Mapping socioeconomic indicators using social media advertising data. EPJ Data Science, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-020-00235-w

Connection

Humane sustainable local

I really wonder about this frequently cited concern. I think the future or OER is much bigger than finding money to pay people to update "textbooks."

Terpenoids are not only good for human uses but as an alternative for insecticide. just as a small at home example here is a link for homemade bug spray using plant essential oils. [http://wellnessmama.com/2565/homemade-bug-spray/]

We visited this project in the scope of our Travel for Transition project.

Please feel free to reach out to us if you want to know more about the project: hi@travelfortranstion.com

I completely agree with this statement. They were unable to control levels of heat within their homes so when it consistently stayed too hot, they opened windows to let in cold air... hello.. That's like having your sprinklers on for your yard when it's pouring rain outside.. and there's a drought.

around this time, the US was pretty self-sustainable

The competition of capitalism leaves behind issues like resource waste, unemployment, inflation, but through urbanization, society is able to take these left over pieces and produce growth from them