1,320 Matching Annotations
  1. Mar 2021
    1. 2021-03-17

    2. Lakens, D., Tunç, D. U., & Tunç, M. N. (2021). There is no generalizability crisis. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tm8jy

    3. 10.31234/osf.io/tm8jy
    4. Falsificationist and confirmationist approaches provide two well-established ways of evaluating generalizability. Yarkoni rejects both and invents a third approach we call neo-operationalism. His proposal cannot work for the hypothetical concepts psychologists use, because the universe of operationalizations is impossible to define, and hypothetical concepts cannot be reduced to their operationalizations. We conclude that he is wrong in his generalizability-crisis diagnosis.
    5. There is no generalizability crisis
    1. 2021-03-08

    2. Cushing, E. (2021, March 8). Late-Stage Pandemic Is Messing With Your Brain. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/03/what-pandemic-doing-our-brains/618221/

    3. This is the fog of late pandemic, and it is brutal. In the spring, we joked about the Before Times, but they were still within reach, easily accessible in our shorter-term memories. In the summer and fall, with restrictions loosening and temperatures rising, we were able to replicate some of what life used to be like, at least in an adulterated form: outdoor drinks, a day at the beach. But now, in the cold, dark, featureless middle of our pandemic winter, we can neither remember what life was like before nor imagine what it’ll be like after.
    4. Late-Stage Pandemic Is Messing With Your Brain
    1. 2021-02-15

    2. Fully reopening schools could push the reproduction number (R) of SARS-CoV-2 in England above 1.0, potentially putting an end to the decline in new cases, suggests a new pre-print. The modelling study, not yet peer-reviewed, was conducted by researchers at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). Schools present more opportunities for the virus to be transmitted so are an important consideration when looking at the spread of COVID-19. In January 2021, the Government in England announced the closure of primary and secondary schools as part of the country’s third national lockdown. However, there are concerns about the potentially damaging impact closures may have on students’ academic development and general wellbeing. To date, the evidence on how effective school closures have been in curbing the spread of the virus remains unclear. 
    3. The impact of reopening schools on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in England
    1. 2021-03-08

    2. Grint, D. J., Wing, K., Williamson, E., McDonald, H. I., Bhaskaran, K., Evans, D., Evans, S. J., Walker, A. J., Hickman, G., Nightingale, E., Schultze, A., Rentsch, C. T., Bates, C., Cockburn, J., Curtis, H. J., Morton, C. E., Bacon, S., Davy, S., Wong, A. Y., … Eggo, R. M. (2021). Case fatality risk of the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7 in England. MedRxiv, 2021.03.04.21252528. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.04.21252528

    3. 10.1101/2021.03.04.21252528
    4. The B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC) is increasing in prevalence across Europe. Accurate estimation of disease severity associated with this VOC is critical for pandemic planning. We found increased risk of death for VOC compared with non-VOC cases in England (HR: 1.67 (95% CI: 1.34 - 2.09; P<.0001). Absolute risk of death by 28-days increased with age and comorbidities. VOC has potential to spread faster with higher mortality than the pandemic to date.
    5. Case fatality risk of the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7 in England
    1. 2020-11-19

    2. November 19: “Randomisation and control in the age of coronavirus?” (Stephen Senn). (2020, October 30). PhilStatWars. https://phil-stat-wars.com/2020/10/30/november-19-randomisation-and-control-in-the-age-of-coronavirus-stephen-senn/

    3. ABSTRACT: Many critics of randomisation have assumed that it is supposed to guarantee balance of prognostic factors, proceeded to show that this is impossible and then concluded that the theory is flawed. However, the shocking truth about randomisation is exactly the opposite of what they suppose. If we knew that all prognostic factors in a randomised clinical trial were balanced, the standard analysis of such trials would be wrong. The analysis that Fisher proposed for randomised experiments makes an allowance for factors being unbalanced. I shall show how this fundamental misunderstanding of how the randomisation and analysis combination deals with error is the origin of a serious error in interpreting trials. I shall illustrate the points with a game of chance and an actual trial. I conclude by recommending that would-be commentators should not presume to analyse the logic of trials until they have analysed some results.
    4. November 19: “Randomisation and control in the age of coronavirus?” (Stephen Senn)
    1. 2020-10-28

    2. Workshop hackathon: Optimising research dissemination and curation : BehSciMeta. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved 6 March 2021, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciMeta/comments/jjtg91/workshop_hackathon_optimising_research/

    3. Outputs: Our aims are to collectively (1) develop a mindmap of existing research dissemination and curation efforts that assesses their different capabilities, pros and cons; (2) design a 'minimal viable review' process that can help with manage quality standards while keeping pace with the rapid emergence of research; (3) generate a metascience research plan to test and analyse proposed process for viability (e.g., acceptability, functionality), that we can take beyond the hackathon.
    4. Workshop hackathon: Optimising research dissemination and curation
    1. 2020-10-28

    2. Hackathon: Climate denial and COVID-19 misinformation: birds of a feather? : BehSciAsk. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved 6 March 2021, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/jjk00r/hackathon_climate_denial_and_covid19/

    3. Target issue: The threat posed by climate change and COVID-19 are wildly different – immediate individual-level harm vs. long-term global-level harm. The degree of scientific consensus also differs between the two issues, with a long-standing robust consensus on climate change that rests on unequivocal evidence, and a more heterogeneous and rapidly evolving knowledge landscape in COVID-19 in which areas of uncertainty remain. Yet the denialism playbook seems to be working fine in both cases, and there is even evidence that the same players are involved in both issues (see, for e.g., here and here). Self-professed COVID-19 “skeptics” voice opinions that are counter to established science, for example by variously claiming that COVID-19 is harmless or is unaffected by behavioural countermeasures, or by promulgating non-existent cures.During the hackathon, we will examine COVID-19 misinformation, with a particular focus on the differences and similarities between climate denial and COVID-19 “denial”. Our aim is to better understand if and how science denial tactics have been cross-applied between COVID-19 and Climate denial networks. We’ll examine whether COVID-19 “skeptics” have learned from or grown out of Climate denial playbooks and networks. We will compile an inventory of new tactics and networks to disseminate COVID-19 misinformation, and discuss whether research on combating misinformation could be cross-applied between the two domains.
    4. Hackathon: Climate denial and COVID-19 misinformation: birds of a feather? .t3_jjk00r ._2FCtq-QzlfuN-SwVMUZMM3 { --postTitle-VisitedLinkColor: #edeeef; --postTitleLink-VisitedLinkColor: #6f7071; }
    1. Greene, G. (1999). The Woman who Knew Too Much: Alice Stewart and the Secrets of Radiation. University of Michigan Press.

    2. This biography illuminates the life and achievements of the remarkable woman scientist who revolutionized the concept of radiation risk. In the 1950s Alice Stewart began research that led to her discovery that fetal X rays double a child's risk of developing cancer. Two decades later---when she was in her seventies---she again astounded the scientific world with a study showing that the U.S. nuclear weapons industry is about twenty times more dangerous than safety regulations permit. This finding put her at the center of the international controversy over radiation risk. In 1990, the New York Times called Stewart "perhaps the Energy Department's most influential and feared scientific critic."
    3. The Woman who Knew Too Much
    1. 2021-02-28

    2. Anderson-Carpenter, K. D., & Tacy, G. S. (2021). Predictors of Social Distancing and Hand Washing among Adults in Five Countries during COVID-19. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zy82h

    3. 10.31234/osf.io/zy82h
    4. Proper hand washing and social distancing measures have been promoted as mitigating strategies to slow the spread of COVID-19 across the world. However, no study to date has investigated the risk and protective characteristics associated with practicing proper hand washing or social distancing. The present study examined the effects of such characteristics among 2,509 adults from the United States, Italy, Spain, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and India. In the overall sample, age was significantly associated with social distancing (b = 0.07, β = 0.36, p = .001) but not hand washing. Lesbian women and gay men were less likely to engage in social distancing (b = -0.92, β = -0.07, p = .001) and hand washing (b = -0.39, β = -0.08, p < .001) relative to their heterosexual peers. No significant differences were found in the overall sample with regard to education level or employment status, but rural (b = -0.45, β = -0.07, p = .003) respondents were significantly less likely to practice social distancing compared to their urban counterparts. Furthermore, both suburban (b = -0.12, β = -0.06, p = .014) and rural (b = -0.13, β = -0.05, p = .022) respondents were significantly less likely to practice appropriate hand washing compared to their urban peers. Taken together, the results suggest multiple nuanced disparities exist regarding social distancing and hand washing among adults internationally. As such, more tailored and culturally-responsive clinical and community-based interventions may be needed to promote preventive measures to mitigate existing COVID-related disparities.
    5. Predictors of Social Distancing and Hand Washing among Adults in Five Countries during COVID-19
    1. 2021-02-27

    2. Drury, J., Rogers, M. B., Marteau, T., Yardley, L., Reicher, S., & Stott, C. (2021). Re-opening live events and large venues after Covid-19 ‘lockdown’: Behavioural risks and their mitigations. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ze8by

    3. 10.31234/osf.io/ze8by
    4. This article reviews the behavioural risks and possible mitigations for re-opening large venues for sports and music events when Covid-19 infection rates and hospitalizations begin to decline. We describe the key variables that we suggest will affect public behaviour relevant to the spread of the virus, drawing upon four sources: (1) relevant evidence and recommendations from the Scientific Pandemic Influenza Group on Behaviours produced for the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE); (2) research evidence from non-pandemic conditions; (3) research on behaviour during the pandemic; and (4) relevant theory. We first outline some basic risks and a framework for understanding collective behaviour at live events. We then survey some trends in UK public behaviour observed over 2020 and how these might interact with the opening of live events and venues. We present a range of mitigation strategies, based on the framework for collective behaviour and on what is known about non-pharmaceutical (i.e. behavioural) interventions in relation to Covid-19.
    5. Re-opening live events and large venues after Covid-19 ‘lockdown’: Behavioural risks and their mitigations
    1. 2021-02-26

    2. Speranza, T., Abrevaya, S., & Ramenzoni, V. C. (2021). Body Image During Quarantine; Generational Effects of Social Media Pressure on Body Appearance Perception. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y826u

    3. 10.31234/osf.io/y826u
    4. One of the consequences of the pandemic is that throughout 2020 virtual interactions largely replaced face-to-face interactions. Though there are few studies of how social media impacts body image perception across genders, research suggests that socializing through a virtual self-body image might have distinct implications for men and women. In an online study, we examined whether type of social pressure and body-ideal exert distinct pressures on members of the X, Y, and Z generations. Results showed media pressure affected body image satisfaction significantly more than other kinds of social pressure across genders and generations, with young males reporting a higher impact compared to older males. Males experienced more pressure to be muscular and women to be thin, especially for the younger generation. Future research should focus on social media as a potential intervention tool for the detection and prevention of body image disorders in both young female and male adults.
    5. Body Image During Quarantine; Generational Effects of Social Media Pressure on Body Appearance Perception
    1. 2021-03-01

    2. Hyland, P., Vallières, F., Shevlin, M., Bentall, R. P., McKay, R., Hartman, T. K., McBride, O., & Murphy, J. (2021). Resistance to COVID-19 vaccination has increased in Ireland and the UK during the pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ry6n4

    3. 10.31234/osf.io/ry6n4
    4. Objectives: Hesitance and resistance to COVID-19 vaccination poses a serious challenge to achieving adequate vaccine uptake in the general population. Cross-sectional data from the early months of the pandemic indicates that approximately one-third of adults in multiple nations are hesitant or resistant to a vaccine for COVID-19. Using longitudinal data, we tracked changes in attitudes to COVID-19 vaccination during the pandemic. Study Design: A quantitative, longitudinal design. Method: Nationally representative samples of the adult general population of the Republic of Ireland (N = 1,041) and the United Kingdom (N = 2,025) were assessed for their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination at three points from March to August 2020. Results: Statistically significant increases in resistance to COVID-19 vaccination were observed in Irish (from 9.5% to 18.1%) and British (6.2% to 10%) adults. Conclusion: Resistance to vaccination has significantly increased in two European nations as the pandemic has progressed. Growing resistance to COVID-19 vaccination will pose a challenge to public health officials responsible for ensuring sufficient vaccine coverage.
    5. Resistance to COVID-19 vaccination has increased in Ireland and the UK during the pandemic
    1. 2020-10-26

    2. Heyman, T., Moors, P., & Rabagliati, H. (2020). The benefits of adversarial collaboration for commentaries. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(12), 1217–1217. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00978-6

    3. 10.1038/s41562-020-00978-6
    4. Most academic journals offer scholars the opportunity to comment on recently published articles. Commentaries might, for instance, describe opposing viewpoints, provide critical reappraisals or add new empirical evidence that contradicts the conclusions of the original article. Commentaries ought to be considered a source of novel insights and an important component of scientific self-correction1, yet they are often perceived as pointless quibbles2. To improve upon this situation, we advocate for commentaries based on adversarial collaboration, in which commenters and the original authors work together to draft a consensus statement. As the resulting contribution is clearer, endorsed by all parties and free of ad hominem attacks, it will arguably have a more substantial impact on the field.
    5. The benefits of adversarial collaboration for commentaries
  2. Feb 2021
    1. 2021-01-27

    2. Philadelphia is home to some of the most venerated medical institutions in the country. Yet when it came time to set up the city’s first and largest coronavirus mass vaccination site, officials turned to the start-up Philly Fighting COVID, a self-described “group of college kids” with minimal health-care experience.
    3. Philadelphia let ‘college kids’ distribute vaccines. The result was a ‘disaster,’ volunteers say.
    1. 2020-07-29

    2. Koh, W. C., Alikhan, M. F., Koh, D., & Wong, J. (n.d.). Containing COVID-19: Implementation of Early and Moderately Stringent Social Distancing Measures Can Prevent The Need for Large-Scale Lockdowns. Annals of Global Health, 86(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2969

    3. 10.5334/aogh.2969
    4. Guidance from many health authorities recommend that social distancing measures should be implemented in an epidemic when community transmission has already occurred. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 suggest this is too late. Based on international comparisons of the timing and scale of the implementation of social distancing measures, we find that countries that imposed early stringent measures recorded far fewer cases than those that did not. Yet, such measures need not be extreme. We highlight the examples of Hong Kong and Brunei to demonstrate the early use of moderate social distancing measures as a practical containment strategy. We propose that such measures be a key part of responding to potential future waves of the epidemic.
    5. Containing COVID-19: Implementation of Early and Moderately Stringent Social Distancing Measures Can Prevent The Need for Large-Scale Lockdowns
    1. 2020-09-27

    2. 10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100371
    3. The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic came as a rare, unprecedented event and governments around the globe scrambled with emergency actions including social distancing measures, public awareness programs, testing and quarantining policies, and income support packages. In this paper, we examine the expected economic impact of government actions by analyzing the effect of such actions on stock market returns. Using daily data from January 22 to April 17, 2020 from 77 countries, we find announcements of government social distancing measures have a direct negative effect on stock market returns due to their adverse effect on economic activity, while an indirect positive effect through the reduction in COVID-19 confirmed cases. Government announcements regarding public awareness programs, testing and quarantining policies, and income support packages largely result in positive market returns. Our findings have important policy implications, primarily by showing that government social distancing measures have both positive and negative economic impact.
    4. Economic impact of government interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: International evidence from financial markets
    1. 2021-02-15

    2. Stephan Lewandowsky. (2021, February 15). But why stop at German? We also have a Spanish translation: ‘Manual de Comunicación Para la Vacuna Contra el COVID-19’ available at https://t.co/tf2ru9T4tp Yet another @BaerbelW Incorporated accomplishment. And yes, another translation due tomorrow... Stand by to learn more... Https://t.co/h6NR083hoA [Tweet]. @STWorg. https://twitter.com/STWorg/status/1361388366265212934