- Last 7 days
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www.markcoggins.com www.markcoggins.com
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Writing The Long Goodbye by [[Mark Coggins]]
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- Apr 2025
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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Experimental evidence sug-gests shading similar to that expected from FPV may lead toincreased phytoplankton biomass and reduced macrophytebiomass,50 though this remains to be tested
Inferring how primary producers respond to light and shade using experimental data is an example of an experiment-based method.
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Using ourmeasured emissions per kWh, we can estimate that at present,FPV-derived GHG emissions from waterbodies are 6.7 GgCO2-eq year−1 (assuming ∼1000 kWh kWp−1). At modeledpractical potential generation of 9434 TWh year−1, FPV-derived waterbody GHG emissions may increase to 24.6 TgCO2-eq year−1.
It uses a method that scales up global emissions based on measured GHG output per unit of energy (like per kWh).
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we estimate a 26.8% increase in greenhouse gasemissions following FPV installation using a carbon dioxide-equivalent basis.
This sentence explains a method that estimates greenhouse gas emissions using the CO₂-equivalent standard.
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Rates of bubble accumulation were similarbetween pond types (p = 0.955; Figure S4A), so any changesin CH4 ebullition associated with FPV installation must havebeen driven by differences in bubble CH4 concentration�indeed, the CH4 concentration in bubble trap headspace inponds with FPV (60.0 ± 4.70% CH4) was nearly twice as highas in ponds without FPV (34.4 ± 4.00% CH4; p < 0.001;Figure S4B).
Measurement of bubble accumulation rate is an experimental monitoring technique.
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Combin-ing measured dissolved gas concentrations and k600 values toestimate diffusive CO2 and CH4 flux, we found that, onaverage, whole-pond diffusive CO2 emissions were 23.6 ±7.50% lower and diffusive CH4 emissions were 17.5 ± 25.1%lower following FPV deployment (Figure 6A and Table S4).
Diffusive flux calculation through numerical integration is a quantitative modeling method.
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Using a BACI approach, we demonstrate that FPV deploymentwith 70% coverage led to increased pond GHG emissionswithin days of deployment, and this effect lasted for weeks tomonths. Increased emissions were driven by greater CH4ebullition which offset reduced diffusive CO2 and CH4emissions in FPV-covered ponds.
BACI (Before-After Control-Impact) is a classic ecological experimental design.
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wecalculated whole-pond diffusive flux, assuming edge area forboth control and treatment ponds was 270 m2, the pond centersurface area for control ponds was 630 m2, pond center surfacearea for treatment ponds was 270 m2 (this subtracts the totalarea of FPV array that is in physical contact with the watersurface), and that fluxes were constant over a 24 h period.
The method for scaling experimental results to the whole pond is described.
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We compared GHG dynamicsbetween ponds with and without FPV using a mixed modelapproach in R Statistical Software following a BACIapproach.
Descriptions of the statistical analysis methods are provided.
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measuring linear rates ofCO2 and CH4 accumulation (or depletion) in a floatingchamber (18.93 L; 0.071 m2 cross-sectional area) connected toa cavity-ringdown spectroscope (Los Gatos, Inc.) for 5 minand collecting surface water and air samples for analysis of CO2and CH4 concentrations from the same location immediatelyafter the 5 min incubation period as described previously
The measurement approach using floating chambers is described.
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Diffusive exchange of dissolved gases between ponds and theatmosphere (mmol m−2 h−1) can be calculated from dissolvedgas concentrations as35k C Cdiffusive flux ( )x water air=where Cwater and Cair indicate the gas concentration (μmol L−1)in the water and atmosphere, respectively
Equations used to calculate diffusive flux are described.
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We calculatedebullitive flux asVebullitive flux CH bubble volumefunnel area time4m= [ ] ×× ×where [CH4] is the concentration of CH4 in the trap (μL L−1)and Vm is the molar volume of gas at standard conditions (22.4L mol−1).
Specific equations used for calculations are explained.
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We deployed passive bubbletrap samplers from May to October 2023 to measure rates ofebullitive CH4 flux.
The use of bubble traps and how they are utilized is described.
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Wecalculated dissolved gas concentrations using constantsdetermined by Weiss32 and Wiesenburg and Guinasso.
Constants used in calculations and literature-based methods are mentioned.
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using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flameionization detector and autosampler (Shimadzu GC 2014).
The name of the analytical instrument is specifically mentioned.
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We sampled for dissolved GHGconcentrations in pond surface water on two occasions in2022, and 14 occasions in 2023 using a headspace equilibrationapproach.
The headspace equilibration method is described.
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We characterized the temperature and dissolved oxygenconcentrations of the water column in each pond using athermistor and an optical dissolved oxygen sensor attached to aManta +35 or a Manta +20 instrument (Eureka Water Probes,Austin, TX).
Specific instrument and sensor names are explicitly stated.
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Floating solar arrays (Ciel etTerre International, France) were deployed on three ponds:the FPV array on pond 124 was constructed from June 15−29,2023, pond 123 from June 29 to July 14, 2023, and pond 125from September 18−28, 2023.
The source of the installation equipment and the details of the experimental setup are explicitly provided.
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Using these measure-ments, we calculated diffusive CO2 and CH4 emissions andcompared total GHG emissions between ponds with andwithout FPV.
The calculation method and the comparison reference are described.
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We measured water column temperature,dissolved oxygen saturation, and dissolved CO2 and CH4concentrations in surface and bottom waters, quantified ratesof CH4 ebullition, and determined treatment-specific air−watergas exchange rates (i.e., k600 values)
The specific measurement parameters used in the experiment, along with the calculated coefficient k600, are mentioned.
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We deployed FPV arrays on constructed ponds at the CornellExperimental Pond Facility in New York, USA in summer2023 (Figure 1). Arrays were designed to maximize powerproduction potential and thus also potential impacts (70%panel coverage)
The installation method and the design intention of the PV experimental array are specifically described.
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Here, we report results from the first two years of anecosystem-scale experiment used to test the effect of FPVdeployment on GHG dynamics and atmospheric GHGexchange in pond
This sentence presents a method using ecosystem-scale experiments to measure the effect of FPV on GHG exchange.
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Here, we usean ecosystem-scale experiment to assess how GHG dynamics in ponds respond toinstallation of operationally representative FPV
This sentence describes the use of ecosystem-scale experiments as a tool to measure GHG dynamics before and after FPV installation.
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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. In order to establish the mentionedcountry-specific database, a national strategy should belaunched.
A methodological proposal for building a database is presented.
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The GWP results of the base scenario of this study is 5.24g CO 2 eq/kWh.
The GWP calculation is an output of tools commonly used in LCA.
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Realdata based on monthly energy generation collected from awind farm for a year indicates capacity factors ranging from21 to 64% with an average value of 40%.
It demonstrates the collection and application of actual measured data.
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The results obtained by changing the recycle ratioof metals at EoL are given in Fig. 5.
An LCA analysis tool was used to derive results under varying conditions.
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In this part of the study, two scenarios involving the trans-portation of the main units during the construction phase andthe metal recycling ratios at end-of-life (EoL) are analysed.
A scenario analysis methodology was employed.
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The main uncertainty in thisLCA is the considered amount of recycling in the futureafter decommissioning the wind farm, and the impact of thisuncertainty on the results is handled by performing scenarioanalysis for various recycling ratios.
Scenario analysis represents a typical methodological approach to addressing the uncertainty inherent in LCA.
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Electricity consumption during the manufacturing andinstallation stage is strictly measured by the service providerto determine the cost. Similarly the exact amount of dieselconsumption is obtained from the facility records.
Measurement and record-based data collection methods are utilized as tools in the study.
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The contribution of various phases of life cycle to environ-mental impact categories are shown in Fig. 3.
Data is derived through visualization of the results obtained from the LCA analysis method.
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The LCA study is performed as given in ISO 14040/14044standards (ISO 2006a, b). Therefore, goal and scope defini-tion, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpreta-tion are conducted in an iterative way.
The LCA implementation procedure, the use of international standards (ISO 14040/14044), and the iterative steps involved describe the specific methodological tools and processes employed in the research.
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The objective of this study is to apprise the envi-ronmental impacts of a full-scale wind farm via LCA meth-odology in a cradle to grave scope.
This sentence outlines the methodological framework of this particular study(LCA over the entire life cycle).
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The study by Jianget al. (2018) examines the environmental impacts of gearboxvia LCA.
Clearly states LCA as the method applied to study a specific component (gearbox), thus demonstrating methodology in practice.
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. LCA is used to examine the environ-mental impacts of a wind farm with 76 turbines of 1.5 MWin another study (Ozoemena et al. 2018)
This explicitly describes the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as the method employed in the cited study.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the environmental impacts of a full-scale wind farm using life cycle assessmentmethodology.
It clearly states the method used in the study (LCA), aligning directly with the “tools and methods” category.
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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We therefore adviseresearchers to earn trust and foster healthy working relation-ships with Indigenous peoples to determine research prioritiesand agreements long before data collection begins (Lake et al.2017)
It outlines concrete practices for building trust and setting priorities prior to data collection.
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Research design should then unfold in acollaborative and transparent manner, with input from IKholders (Adams et al. 2014
It clearly explains the collaborative approach in the research design process and the methodological inclusion of IK holders.
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At the onsetof collaborative studies, scientists should first develop researchagreements with Indigenous peoples in whatever form islocally appropriate, a step independent of any institutionalethics approvals
It presents specific methodological procedures that must be undertaken during the early stages of research, such as the establishment of research agreements.
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McBride et al. (2017) usedParticipatory Geographic Information Systems that drew uponand analyzed IK observations from Indigenous peoples acrossthe US related to fuel load, forest type, and burn severity.
It is a specific example of tool use that combines GIS technology with IK.
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trackers could provideauxiliary natural history data whereas radio tracking waslimited solely to data on movement.
It compares the types of data each method can collect, highlighting the advantages of IK-based tools.
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Attum et al. (2008) demon-strated that estimates of Egyptian tortoise (Testudo klein-manni) home ranges in North Sinai, Egypt, derived fromradio telemetry were in agreement with estimates byIndigenous people, who tracked tortoises on foot,
It presents a specific methodological comparison between two tools: radio telemetry and direct tracking.
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In the example mentioned above,Riedlinger and Berkes (2001) also described how Inuit observa-tions and hypotheses of climate change in northern Canadacould account for multiple interacting variables and ecologicalcomplexity, such as climate variability and sea-ice break up.
The approach of using observation and hypothesis to explain complex system variables reflects a methodological aspect.
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Similarly, Bonta et al. (2017) testedhypotheses about how fire-foraging raptors in tropicalsavannas in Australia could deliberately spread wildfires bycarrying burning sticks to unburned areas to flush outpotential prey species.
It outlines an experimental research method in which hypotheses derived from IK are scientifically tested.
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For instance,Riedlinger and Berkes (2001) detailed contexts in whichInuit developed hypotheses based on their own observa-tions, such as the prediction that increased winterkill ofcommon eiders (Somateria mollissima) would follow irregu-lar sea-ice conditions.
It describes a specific methodological example of hypothesis formation based on observation by the Inuit.
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Polfus et al. (2014) developed habitatmodels for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)based on IK from the Taku River Tlingit First Nation ofnorthern British Columbia, and showed a high degree ofsimilarity between resource selection functions (RSF) thatestimated habitat use derived from IK and collared caribou.
It describes a specific methodology involving the development of a habitat model using IK. / It utilizes place-based information about habitats in a specific region (northern British Columbia).
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Long-termobservations by Indigenous peoples amountsto monitoring of species and ecosystems,which carries abundant potential for rapidand sensitive detection of contemporary eco-logical changes (Berkes et al. 2007; Serviceet al. 2014; Thompson et al. 2019)
It points out that IK itself functions as a long-term monitoring tool.
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Catley (2006) found agreement in diseaseidentification and diagnostic criteria between Indigenouspastoralists and veterinarians in their independentapproaches in monitoring livestock health. TranslatingIndigenous terms into a format recognizable by veterinari-ans, and vice-versa, enhanced livestock surveillance systemsby providing culturally relevant disease diagnostic criteriafor use in rural areas.
It specifically addresses the harmonization of diagnostic criteria as a methodological approach.
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Polfuset al. (2016) described how the Sahtú Dene and Métis peo-ples of northern Canada distinguished among geneticallydifferent populations of boreal, mountain, and barren-ground caribou based on unique behaviors, habitat prefer-ences, and morphology, with subsequent genetic analysesproviding evidence of distinct caribou subpopulation struc-ture that aligned with Dene classifications.
The classification through IK is shown to align with scientific genetic analysis, representing a tool-based integration.
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distribution of non-invasive hair snares from which datawere subsequently used in a DNA-based capture–recaptureanalysis.
It incorporates field-based knowledge into research design and uses non-invasive methods (e.g., hair snares), as well as place-based information about specific habitat areas.
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Housty et al. (2014) developed andapplied a monitoring program for grizzlybears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in HaíɫzaqvTerritory (coastal British Columbia), explic-itly guided by the Gvi’ilas (customary law) ofthe Haíɫzaqv people.
It mentions the development of a specific monitoring program and the tools on which its design is based, such as the Gvi’ilas law.
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While often used on its own or in parallel to science, IK is alsoincreasingly interwoven with data collected via the scientificmethod, and vice versa (that is, scientific methods are incorpo-rated into contemporary processes underlying IK generation).
The explanation that a convergence is occurring between scientific methods and IK addresses the intersection between different methodologies.
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. IK is often augmented with contemporary obser-vations and experiences that refine accumulated knowledge andallow for flexibility and adaptability in the context of environ-mental and social change.
The process of modifying and adapting existing knowledge through modern observation and experience clearly pertains to tools and methods.
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Thevaried contributions of IK stem from long periods of observation, interaction, and experimentation with species, ecosystems, andecosystem processes.
The process of forming IK is based on observation, interaction, and experimentation, which describes the methodology of knowledge creation.
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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The study offers some bright sides for floating solar: When comparing floating solar to terrestrial solar in total emissions cost, from site development to maintenance and disposal
It explains the scope of the comparative study (from development to disposal), thereby illustrating the category of evaluation methods.
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This is the first manipulative study to produce empirical results.
It states that a manipulative study was conducted.
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Grodsky and collaborators covered three ponds at the Cornell Experimental Pond Facility with solar panels, at 70% coverage, and found that, almost immediately, methane and carbon dioxide emissions
This sentence provides a detailed explanation of the experimental method, including the experimental site (Cornell Experimental Pond), experimental conditions (70% panel installation), and measurement indicators.
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esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com
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Housty et al. (2014) developed andapplied a monitoring program for grizzlybears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in HaíɫzaqvTerritory (coastal British Columbia), explic-itly guided by the Gvi’ilas (customary law) ofthe Haíɫzaqv people. The approach combinedHaíɫzaqv cultural values with their knowl-edge of bears, salmon, and people in animportant large watershed.
It mentions the development of a specific monitoring program and the tools on which its design is based, such as the Gvi’ilas law.
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While often used on its own or in parallel to science, IK is alsoincreasingly interwoven with data collected via the scientificmethod, and vice versa (that is, scientific methods are incorpo-rated into contemporary processes underlying IK generation).
The explanation that a convergence is occurring between scientific methods and IK addresses the intersection between different methodologies.
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. IK is often augmented with contemporary obser-vations and experiences that refine accumulated knowledge andallow for flexibility and adaptability in the context of environ-mental and social change.
The process of modifying and adapting existing knowledge through modern observation and experience clearly pertains to tools and methods.
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Thevaried contributions of IK stem from long periods of observation, interaction, and experimentation with species, ecosystems, andecosystem processes.
The process of forming IK is based on observation, interaction, and experimentation, which describes the methodology of knowledge creation.
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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A qualitative research was em-ployed by reviewing papers in the scope of the study.
It specifies a methodology for reviewing papers using qualitative research methods.
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Renewable energy reduces energy imports and contributediversification of the portfolio of supply options and reduce an economy’s vulnerability to price vola-tility and represent opportunities to enhance energy security across the globe.
The explanation of energy supply portfolio diversification represents a structural approach to the energy supply system through renewable energy.
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Distributed grids based on the renewable energy are generally more competitive in rural areaswith significant distances to the national grid and the low levels of rural electrification offer substan-tial openings for renewable energy-based mini-grid systems to provide them with electricity access
This sentence presents an approach using distributed power grid technologies based on renewable energy.
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The change in total GHG emissions in European EnvironmentalAgency (EEA) countries for 1990–2012 and their GHG emissions per capita are depicted in Figures 2and 3.
It presents specific figures on greenhouse gas emission changes and demonstrates the methodology to track them.
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Wind turbines convert the energy of wind into electricity.
It explains the method of electricity generation using wind, specifically describing the conversion tools and technologies.
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Solar energy technology is obtained from solar irradiance to generate electricity using photo-voltaic (PV) (Asumadu-Sarkodie & Owusu, 2016d) and concentrating solar power (CSP), to producethermal energy, to meet direct lighting needs and, potentially, to produce fuels that might be usedfor transport and other purposes
Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) are explicitly mentioned as direct technological means.
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Heat is mined from geothermal reservoirs using wells and other means.
It explains specific methods for extracting geothermal resources.
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water is drained from lakes and watercourses andtransported through channels over large distances and to pipelines and finally to the turbines thatare often visible, but they may also go through mountains by created tunnels inside them
This sentence explains the flow path and method of water for hydropower generation, describing the methodology for constructing hydropower facilities and directing water movement.
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Turbines are constructed for an optional flow of water
Since this sentence refers to the attempt to achieve efficiency through the introduction of technical methods such as hydropower facility design (turbine design), it falls under tools and methods.
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Fortunately, the continuous technological advances in computer hard-ware and software are permitting scientific researchers to handle these optimization difficulties usingcomputational resources applicable to the renewable and sustainable energy field
This sentence addresses a method of solving problems using computer hardware, software, and optimization techniques. Since it mentions the use of computational resources to address “optimization difficulties,” it falls under tools and methods.
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news.cornell.edu news.cornell.edu
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Grodsky and collaborators covered three ponds at the Cornell Experimental Pond Facility with solar panels, at 70% coverage, and found that, almost immediately, methane and carbon dioxide emissions
This sentence provides a detailed explanation of the experimental method, including the experimental site (Cornell Experimental Pond), experimental conditions (70% panel installation), and measurement indicators.
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This is the first manipulative study to produce empirical results.
It states that a manipulative study was conducted.
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The study offers some bright sides for floating solar: When comparing floating solar to terrestrial solar in total emissions cost, from site development to maintenance and disposal
It explains the scope of the comparative study (from development to disposal), thereby illustrating the category of evaluation methods.
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www.tandfonline.com www.tandfonline.com
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A qualitative research was em-ployed by reviewing papers in the scope of the study.
It specifies a methodology for reviewing papers using qualitative research methods.
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Distributed grids based on the renewable energy are generally more competitive in rural areaswith significant distances to the national grid and the low levels of rural electrification offer substan-tial openings for renewable energy-based mini-grid systems to provide them with electricity access
This sentence presents an approach using distributed power grid technologies based on renewable energy.
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Renewable energy reduces energy imports and contributediversification of the portfolio of supply options and reduce an economy’s vulnerability to price vola-tility and represent opportunities to enhance energy security across the globe.
The explanation of energy supply portfolio diversification represents a structural approach to the energy supply system through renewable energy.
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The change in total GHG emissions in European EnvironmentalAgency (EEA) countries for 1990–2012 and their GHG emissions per capita are depicted in Figures 2and 3.
It presents specific figures on greenhouse gas emission changes and demonstrates the methodology to track them.
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Wind turbines convert the energy of wind into electricity.
It explains the method of electricity generation using wind, specifically describing the conversion tools and technologies.
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Heat is mined from geothermal reservoirs using wells and other means.
It explains specific methods for extracting geothermal resources.
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Solar energy technology is obtained from solar irradiance to generate electricity using photo-voltaic (PV) (Asumadu-Sarkodie & Owusu, 2016d) and concentrating solar power (CSP), to producethermal energy, to meet direct lighting needs and, potentially, to produce fuels that might be usedfor transport and other purposes
Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) are explicitly mentioned as direct technological means.
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water is drained from lakes and watercourses andtransported through channels over large distances and to pipelines and finally to the turbines thatare often visible, but they may also go through mountains by created tunnels inside them
This sentence explains the flow path and method of water for hydropower generation, describing the methodology for constructing hydropower facilities and directing water movement.
-
Turbines are constructed for an optional flow of water
Since this sentence refers to the attempt to achieve efficiency through the introduction of technical methods such as hydropower facility design (turbine design), it falls under tools and methods.
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Fortunately, the continuous technological advances in computer hard-ware and software are permitting scientific researchers to handle these optimization difficulties usingcomputational resources applicable to the renewable and sustainable energy field
This sentence addresses a method of solving problems using computer hardware, software, and optimization techniques. Since it mentions the use of computational resources to address “optimization difficulties,” it falls under tools and methods.
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- Mar 2025
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Local file Local file()1
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[T]he titles noted down were those which had aroused Warburg’s scholarly curios-ity while he was engaged on a piece of research. They were all interconnected in apersonal way as the bibliographical sum total of his own activity. These lists were,therefore, his guide as a librarian ; not that he consulted them every time he readbooksellers’ and publishers’ catalogues ; they had become part of his system and schol-arly existence. [...] Often one saw Warburg standing tired and distressed bent over hisboxes with a packet of index cards, trying to ind for each one the best place withinthe system ; it looked like a waste of energy. [...] It took some time to realise that hisaim was not bibliographical. This was his method of deining the limits and contentsof his scholarly world and the experience gained here became decisive in selectingbooks for the Library. 5
via Fritz Saxl, The History of Warburg’s Library (1943/1944), p. 329.
Where does the work reside? Goes to the idea of zettelkasten coherence.
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writingslowly.com writingslowly.com
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“The library, panels and boxes formed the ensemble of supports on which Aby Warburg’s spiritual work and intellectual creativity were based.” - Benjamin Steiner, Aby Warburgs Zettelkasten Nr. 2 “Geschichtsauffassung”, In: Heike Gfrereis / Ellen Strittmatter (Hrsg.): Zettelkästen. Maschinen der Phantasie (Marbacher Kataloge, 66). Marbach 2013, S. 154-161.
Aby Warburg used three primary tools for his research: his library, a card index, and panels.
His panels would be versions of pinboards, chalk boards, dry erase boards, or online versions of things like Canvas in Obsidian. It amounts to the ability to take notes or images on cards and shuffle them around on a table (or affixed to a wall).
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doctorow.medium.com doctorow.medium.com
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https://doctorow.medium.com/the-memex-method-238c71f2fb46
Original version (or owned copy) at: https://pluralistic.net/2021/05/09/the-memex-method/
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blog.ayjay.org blog.ayjay.org
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method and madness by [[Alan Jacobs]]
via In which I describe my writing “methods." by [[Alan Jacobs]]
reply:
@ayjay Thanks for sharing this. My method is often very much like yours. Lots of internal distillation, slowly over time. I remember hearing a story that Mozart wrote music "like a cow pees" (in one giant and immediate flood and then done). I feel like large works of writing, composing, etc. springing, as if fully formed from the head of Zeus is more common than is acknowledged. Cory Doctorow hints at a similar sort of method in his own work in The Memex Method. I'm also reminded of bits of what neuroscientist Barbara Oakley calls "diffuse thinking" or a more internalized version of Michael Ondaatje's "thinkering" described in The English Patient.
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- Feb 2025
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His instructors there weren’t impressed with his writing. One told him, “Mr. Elbow, you continue your steady but far from headlong rise upward.” But he wasn’t dissuaded.
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“I made myself a rule: every time a paper was due, I had to have a draft of the same length as the paper done a week before,” he said in a 1992 interview with the academic journal Writing on the Edge. “So then I knew I had a week to play with it.”
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“The free-writing principle is the principle of juice, of letting go, of garbage, of finding diamonds among the garbage,” he said.Credit...
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Professor Elbow came to his conclusions out of necessity.“What got me interested in writing,” he often said, “was being unable to write.”
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Rosenwald, Michael S. “Peter Elbow, Professor Who Transformed Freshman Comp, Dies at 89.” The New York Times, February 27, 2025, sec. Education. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/02/27/education/peter-elbow-dead.html.
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- Jan 2025
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connect.apollo.roche.com connect.apollo.roche.com
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Tables of Possible Cohorts - MS DX Only with and without washout
Look at who is and is not switching.
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- Dec 2024
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
Tags
Annotators
URL
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- Nov 2024
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jgvw2024.peergos.me jgvw2024.peergos.me
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Fig. 3
for - paper - Translating Earth system boundaries for cities and businesses - Fig. 3 - Ten principles of translation - Bai et al. 2024 - from - paper - Cross-scale translation of Earth system boundaries should use methods that are more science-based - citation of Fig.3 - Xue & Bakshi
from - paper - citation - Cross-scale translation of Earth system boundaries should use methods that are more science-based - citation of Fig.3 - Xue & Bakshi - https://hyp.is/xf3MxqveEe-pGZeWkHHcLA/jgvw2024.peergos.me/StopResetGo/2024/11/PDFs/MattersArisingBaietal.pdf
Tags
- paper - Translating Earth system boundaries for cities and businesses - Fig. 3 - Ten principles of translation - Bai et al. 2024
- from - paper - citation - Cross-scale translation of Earth system boundaries should use methods that are more science-based - citation of Fig.3 - Xue & Bakshi
Annotators
URL
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Winston Churchill's eccentric working habits revealed in rare papers by [[Nadia Khomami]]
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- Oct 2024
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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to a male
Single case study?
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Here's my setup: Literature Notes go in the literature folder. Daily Notes serve as fleeting notes. Project-related Notes are organized in their specific project folders within a larger "Projects" folder.
inspired by, but definitely not take from as not in evidence
Many people have "daily notes" and "project notes" in what they consider to be their zettelkasten workflow. These can be thought of as subcategories of reference notes (aka literature notes, bibliographic notes). The references in these cases are simply different sorts of material than one would traditionally include in this category. Instead of indexing the ideas within a book or journal article, you're indexing what happened to you on a particular day (daily notes) or indexing ideas or progress on a particular project (project notes). Because they're different enough in type and form, you might keep them in their own "departments" (aka folders) within your system just the same way that with enough material one might break out their reference notes to separate books from newspapers, journal articles, or lectures.
In general form and function they're all broadly serving the same functionality and acting as a ratchet and pawl on the information that is being collected. They capture context; they serve as reminder. The fact that some may be used less or referred to less frequently doesn't make them necessarily less important
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Local file Local file
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Connecting Linkbetween twoSentences orParagraphs,
Miles, 1905 uses an arrow symbol with a hash on it to indicate a "connecting link between two Sentences or Paragraphs, etc."
It's certainly an early example of what we would now consider a hyperlink. It actively uses a "pointer" in it's incarnation.
Are there earlier examples of these sorts of idea links in the historical record? Surely there were circles and arrows on a contiguous page, but what about links from one place to separate places (possibly using page numbers?) Indexing methods from 11/12C certainly acted as explicit sorts of pointers.
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www.remastery.net www.remastery.net
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Beyond the cards mentioned above, you should also capture any hard-to-classify thoughts, questions, and areas for further inquiry on separate cards. Regularly go through these to make sure that you are covering everything and that you don’t forget something.I consider these insurance cards because they won’t get lost in some notebook or scrap of paper, or email to oneself.
Julius Reizen in reviewing over Umberto Eco's index card system in How to Write a Thesis, defines his own "insurance card" as one which contains "hard-to-classify thoughts, questions, and areas for further inquiry". These he would keep together so that they don't otherwise get lost in the variety of other locations one might keep them
These might be akin to Ahrens' "fleeting notes" but are ones which may not easily or even immediately be converted in to "permanent notes" for one's zettelkasten. However, given their mission critical importance, they may be some of the most important cards in one's repository.
link this to - idea of centralizing one's note taking practice to a single location
Is this idea in Eco's book and Reizen is the one that gives it a name since some of the other categories have names? (examples: bibliographic index cards, reading index cards (aka literature notes), cards for themes, author index cards, quote index cards, idea index cards, connection cards). Were these "officially" named and categorized by Eco?
May be worthwhile to create a grid of these naming systems and uses amongst some of the broader note taking methods. Where are they similar, where do they differ?
Multi-search tools that have full access to multiple trusted data stores (ostensibly personal ones across notebooks, hard drives, social media services, etc.) could potentially solve the problem of needing to remember where you noted something.
Currently, in the social media space especially, this is not a realized service.
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- Sep 2024
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blog.nodejitsu.com blog.nodejitsu.com
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Want to really annoy an open-source maintainer? Then ignore any communication channels they have setup for support.
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- Jul 2024
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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If the link you are trying to send is just some kind of harmless confirmation link (e.g. subscribe/unsubscribe from a newsletter), then at least use a form inside the web page to do the actual confirmation through a POST request (possibly also using a CSRF token), otherwise you will unequivocally end up with false positives.
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www.drupal.org www.drupal.org
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Drupal use a HTTP GET to change data witch is not how HTTP protocol is supposed to be work. A HTTP POST request should be used to change an account from blocked to active. It's a bug and a ugly one.
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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If you want to be (relatively) sure that any action is triggered only by a (specific) human user, then use URLs in emails or other kind of messages over the internet only to lead them to a website where they confirm an action to be taken via a form, using method=POST
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Links (GETs) aren't supposed to "do" anything, only a POST is. For example, your "unsubscribe me" link in your email should not directly unsubscribe th subscriber. It should "GET" a page the subscriber can then post from.
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www.rfc-editor.org www.rfc-editor.org
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The purpose of distinguishing between safe and unsafe methods is to allow automated retrieval processes (spiders) and cache performance optimization (pre-fetching) to work without fear of causing harm.
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Request methods are considered "safe" if their defined semantics are essentially read-only; i.e., the client does not request, and does not expect, any state change on the origin server as a result of applying a safe method to a target resource.
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- Apr 2024
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www.cwu.edu www.cwu.edu
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Canvas Content Delivery
Content delivery
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The Varidex is the name given to onemethod-a direct expanding index made inletter , bill and le gal sizes. In this systemthe general plan of tab positions is similarto the direct alphabetic system. It main-tains the fam iliar sectional arrangementfor guide s, individual and )Jliscellaneousfo ld er s.
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- Feb 2024
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Local file Local file
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gloryhole, a drawer in whichthings are heaped together without any attempt at order or tidiness;
compare with scrap heaps or even the method of Eminem's zettelkasten (Eminem's gloryhole ???). rofl...
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- Jan 2024
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mongoosejs.com mongoosejs.com
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Instance methods Instances of Models are documents. Documents have many of their own built-in instance methods. We may also define our own custom document instance methods. // define a schema const animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String }, { // Assign a function to the "methods" object of our animalSchema through schema options. // By following this approach, there is no need to create a separate TS type to define the type of the instance functions. methods: { findSimilarTypes(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); } } }); // Or, assign a function to the "methods" object of our animalSchema animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); }; Now all of our animal instances have a findSimilarTypes method available to them. const Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema); const dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog' }); dog.findSimilarTypes((err, dogs) => { console.log(dogs); // woof }); Overwriting a default mongoose document method may lead to unpredictable results. See this for more details. The example above uses the Schema.methods object directly to save an instance method. You can also use the Schema.method() helper as described here. Do not declare methods using ES6 arrow functions (=>). Arrow functions explicitly prevent binding this, so your method will not have access to the document and the above examples will not work.
Certainly! Let's break down the provided code snippets:
1. What is it and why is it used?
In Mongoose, a schema is a blueprint for defining the structure of documents within a collection. When you define a schema, you can also attach methods to it. These methods become instance methods, meaning they are available on the individual documents (instances) created from that schema.
Instance methods are useful for encapsulating functionality related to a specific document or model instance. They allow you to define custom behavior that can be executed on a specific document. In the given example, the
findSimilarTypes
method is added to instances of theAnimal
model, making it easy to find other animals of the same type.2. Syntax:
Using
methods
object directly in the schema options:javascript const animalSchema = new Schema( { name: String, type: String }, { methods: { findSimilarTypes(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); } } } );
Using
methods
object directly in the schema:javascript animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); };
Using
Schema.method()
helper:javascript animalSchema.method('findSimilarTypes', function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); });
3. Explanation in Simple Words with Examples:
Why it's Used:
Imagine you have a collection of animals in your database, and you want to find other animals of the same type. Instead of writing the same logic repeatedly, you can define a method that can be called on each animal instance to find similar types. This helps in keeping your code DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) and makes it easier to maintain.
Example:
```javascript const mongoose = require('mongoose'); const { Schema } = mongoose;
// Define a schema with a custom instance method const animalSchema = new Schema({ name: String, type: String });
// Add a custom instance method to find similar types animalSchema.methods.findSimilarTypes = function(cb) { return mongoose.model('Animal').find({ type: this.type }, cb); };
// Create the Animal model using the schema const Animal = mongoose.model('Animal', animalSchema);
// Create an instance of Animal const dog = new Animal({ type: 'dog', name: 'Buddy' });
// Use the custom method to find similar types dog.findSimilarTypes((err, similarAnimals) => { console.log(similarAnimals); }); ```
In this example,
findSimilarTypes
is a custom instance method added to theAnimal
schema. When you create an instance of theAnimal
model (e.g., a dog), you can then callfindSimilarTypes
on that instance to find other animals with the same type. The method uses thethis.type
property, which refers to the type of the current animal instance. This allows you to easily reuse the logic for finding similar types across different instances of theAnimal
model.
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URL
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You know XGBoost, but do you know NGBoost? I'd passed over this one, mentioned to me by someone wanting confidence intervals in their classification models. This could be an interesting paper to add to the ML curriculum.
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- Dec 2023
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web.archive.org web.archive.org
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735: _Nen_Kumi Name______ : 2006/03/04 (Sat) 23:35:55 ID:??? >>732 5×3 was used as a book search card. (Almost all electronic now) It 's a little smaller than the popular version of the productivity notebook, making it ideal for portable notes. Other purposes include memorization cards and information retrieval. However, B7 and mini 6-hole system notebooks are almost the same size, so they are being pushed out and are not widely used in Japan. How to do it in a book called How to Write an American-style Essay. 1.Write a tentative table of contents. 2.Write out the required literature on 5x3 cards. a Classification code in the upper right corner b Author name and book title in the middle. c Assign a serial number to the top left. d Below is where you can get information.Finally, write down all the information necessary for the paper's citation list. (4-a) 3. Rewrite the literature cards into a list. (It's a pain twice, but he says to do it.) 4. Write the information on 5x3 cards. a Prepare literature cards and literature. Finish your bibliography cards. (2-e) bWrite an information card ① One memo per card, information is the golden rule ② Write it in your own words ③ When copying, enclose it in quotation marks. ⑤ Serial number of the literature card in the upper left ⑥ Tentative table of contents and card keyword in the upper right 5. Once all the literature cards are checked, rearrange them in the order of the table of contents. Elaboration. 6. The rest is drafting, footnotes, reviewing, citing, proofreading, and finishing.
Apparently there is a Japanese text with the title "How to Write and American-style Essay" which recommends using classification codes in the upper right and an assigned serial number in the top left.
How was this related (or not) to Luhmann's practice or to the practices of the Dewey Decimal System? [Update: not related at all, see: https://hypothes.is/a/bDEoiqT3Ee6lAeNajBBsjw]
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www.flickr.com www.flickr.com
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Hawk Sugano's Pile of Index Cards method is laid out visually in his Flickr account using photos of several of his cards along with descriptions of what each is for and how they work.
These include: 0. PoIC Format/Template 1. Record Card 2. Discovery Card 3. GTD Card 4. Cite Card 5. How to link between cards
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scholar.sun.ac.za scholar.sun.ac.za
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Metodes van beklemtoning
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- Nov 2023
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Local file Local file
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In reality, the research experience mattersmore than the topic.”
Extending off of this, is the reality that the research experience is far easier if one has been taught a convenient method, not only for carrying it out, but space to practice the pieces along the way.
These methods can then later be applied to a vast array of topics, thus placing method above topic.
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- Oct 2023
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arxiv.org arxiv.org
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Wu, Prabhumoye, Yeon Min, Bisk, Salakhutdinov, Azaria, Mitchell and Li. "SPRING: GPT-4 Out-performs RL Algorithms byStudying Papers and Reasoning". Arxiv preprint arXiv:2305.15486v2, May, 2023.
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Quantitatively, SPRING with GPT-4 outperforms all state-of-the-art RLbaselines, trained for 1M steps, without any training.
Them's fighten' words!
I haven't read it yet, but we're putting it on the list for this fall's reading group. Seriously, a strong result with a very strong implied claim. they are careful to say it's from their empirical results, very worth a look. I suspect that amount of implicit knowledge in the papers, text and DAG are helping to do this.
The Big Question: is their comparison to RL baselines fair, are they being trained from scratch? What does a fair comparison of any from-scratch model (RL or supervised) mean when compared to an LLM approach (or any approach using a foundation model), when that model is not really from scratch.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_6BjUzwJX8
via https://everbookforever.com/
Leather sheet folded into four sections onto itself like a book cover. It holds six folders of pieces of paper (most of them folded in half making mini-booklet pages): - blank paper for future note taking use - templates (project pack, weekly schedule/to do template, project list, project templates) - logbook, journal like, dated, - contains notes, outlines, brain storms, and scratch pad - next actions/workstation (to do lists for email, home, work, calls ) - Project Pack (9 projects for the quarter, each has their own page or mini folder with details) - Work Week or the Weekly Review Folder (areas of focus/project list, yearly calendar on a page for planning, whatever folder, wild ideas,
When done, all the pages of folders are packed up and wrapped with an elastic band for easy carrying. It's like a paper (looks like A5) notebook deconstructed and filed into paper folders and wrapped in a pretty leather cover.
As sections are finished/done they can be archived into small booklets and presumably filed.
This looks shockingly like my own index-card productivity system based on a variety of Memindex/Bullet Journal/GTD.
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www.lrb.co.uk www.lrb.co.uk
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Those who prefer research methods to be buried may find Ogilvie’s habit of making explicit her archival travails frustrating, but it’s fascinating watching her track the contributors down.
Link to the hidden process discussed by Keith Thomas:
Thomas, Keith. “Diary: Working Methods.” London Review of Books, June 10, 2010. https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v32/n11/keith-thomas/diary.
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- Jul 2023
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www.instagram.com www.instagram.com
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When you run out of ideas and desperate, try thinking “opposite” like Fosbury.
Worth adding to the list of oblique strategies...
related to methods of proof: direct proofs by day, contradiction by night
Changing methods of approach to problems
via khimtan at https://www.instagram.com/p/CpkJHCfJnyW/
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www.statoo.com www.statoo.com
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CRISP-DM has not been built in a theoretical, academic manner working from technicalprinciples, nor did elite committees of gurus create it behind closed doors.
Tags
Annotators
URL
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- Jun 2023
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cdn.openai.com cdn.openai.com
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13.19%
that's a lot!
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The Bloom filterswere constructed such that the false positive rate is upperbounded by 1108 . We further verified the low false positiverate by generating 1M strings, of which zero were found bythe filter
Bloom filters used to determine how much overlap there is between train and test set, to be more sure of their results.
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Direct Instruction, a technique in which great hopeswere invested in the USA in the 1970s and 1980s.
Direct Instruction was a method promulgated in the 1970s and 80s that touted 'teacher-proof' methods, but ultimately didn't pan out. Some of the early gains seen in use of the method were ultimately attributed to generous resourcing rather to the program itself.
Generous resourcing might then be a better method to attempt from the start? (snarkmark)
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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Let me preface this by saying I'm talking primarily about method access here, and to a slightly lesser extent, marking classes final, not member access.
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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to clarify, I am distinguishing between properties as representing state and methods representing actions
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- Apr 2023
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datatracker.ietf.org datatracker.ietf.org
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If the target resource does not have a current representation and the PUT successfully creates one, then the origin server MUST inform the user agent by sending a 201 (Created) response. If the target resource does have a current representation and that representation is successfully modified in accordance with the state of the enclosed representation, then the origin server MUST send either a 200 (OK) or a 204 (No Content) response to indicate successful completion of the request.
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- Mar 2023
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Heyde, Johannes Erich. Technik des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens. (Sektion 1.2 Die Kartei) Junker und Dünnhaupt, 1931.
annotation target: urn:x-pdf:00126394ba28043d68444144cd504562
(Unknown translation from German into English. v1 TK)
The overall title of the work (in English: Technique of Scientific Work) calls immediately to mind the tradition of note taking growing out of the scientific historical methods work of Bernheim and Langlois/Seignobos and even more specifically the description of note taking by Beatrice Webb (1926) who explicitly used the phrase "recipe for scientific note-taking".
see: https://hypothes.is/a/BFWG2Ae1Ee2W1HM7oNTlYg
first reading: 2022-08-23 second reading: 2022-09-22
I suspect that this translation may be from Clemens in German to Scheper and thus potentially from the 1951 edition?
Heyde, Johannes Erich. Technik des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens; eine Anleitung, besonders für Studierende. 8., Umgearb. Aufl. 1931. Reprint, Berlin: R. Kiepert, 1951.
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www.google.com www.google.com
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General instructions for using a Memindex
HOW IT IS USED <br /> Things to be done today, jot on face card. Things to be done tomorrow or next Friday, jot on card for that day. Things to keep before you until done, jot on opposite front card. A matter for January 10th jot on a short card put under the band till you return to your desk, then file next to card for January 10th when it will come out and refresh your memory.
Things to be done when in New York or Chicago jot on card "N" or "C." The new address of Mr. Jones, under "J." Ideas on advertising jot on card tabbed "adv." Things for your clerk to do, on his card , etc., etc. Retire today's card tonight, carrying forward things not completed and put next card in the file in has proved that almost back of pocket case. The alphabet enables one to index all jottings for instant reference. This system is very comprehensive yet perfectly simple. You soon the learn to depend on it every hour of every day.
Within the general instructions in a 1904 Memindex advertisement (next to an ad for "Genuine Edison Incandescent Lamps") we see the general ideas of indexing things into the future and carrying undone tasks forward, just as is done in the bullet journal method.
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Howard L. Wilson, Manufacturer, 45 State St., Rochester, N. Y.<br /> (next to an ad for "Genuine Edison Incandescent Lamps")(p.2 in a 2/3 page ad)
Carleton, Hubert, ed. St. Andrew’s Cross. Vol. 19. Brotherhood of St. Andrew., 1904.
Specific issue: Nov-Dec 1904 Vol. 19, No 2-3, Pittsburgh, PA
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www.ebay.com www.ebay.com
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1930s Wilson Memindex Co Index Card Organizer Pre Rolodex Ad Price List Brochure
archived page: https://web.archive.org/web/20230310010450/https://www.ebay.com/itm/165910049390
Includes price lists
List of cards includes: - Dated tab cards for a year from any desired. - Blank tab cards for jottings arranged by subject. - These were sold in 1/2 or 1/3 cut formats - Pocket Alphabets for jottings arranged by letter. - Cash Account Cards [without tabs]. - Extra Record Cards for permanent memoranda. - Monthly Guides for quick reference to future dates. - Blank Guides for filing records by subject.. - Alphabet Guides for filing alphabetically.
Memindex sales brochures recommended the 3 x 5" cards (which had apparently been standardized by 1930 compared to the 5 1/2" width from earlier versions around 1906) because they could be used with other 3 x 5" index card systems.
In the 1930s Wilson Memindex Company sold more of their vest pocket sized 2 1/4 x 4 1/2" systems than 3 x 5" systems.
Some of the difference between the vest sized and regular sized systems choice was based on the size of the particular user's handwriting. It was recommended that those with larger handwriting use the larger cards.
By the 1930's at least the Memindex tag line "An Automatic Memory" was being used, which also gave an indication of the ubiquity of automatization of industrialized life.
The Memindex has proved its success in more than one hundred kinds of business. Highly recommended by men in executive positions, merchants, manufacturers, managers, .... etc.
Notice the gendering of users specifically as men here.
Features: - Sunday cards were sold separately and by my reading were full length tabs rather than 1/6 tabs like the other six days of the week - Lids were custom fit to the bases and needed to be ordered together - The Memindex Jr. held 400 cards versus the larger 9 inch standard trays which had space for 800 cards and block (presumably a block to hold them up or at an angle when partially empty).
The Memindex Jr., according to a price sheet in the 1930s, was used "extensively as an advertising gift".
The Memindex system had cards available in bundles of 100 that were labeled with the heading "Things to Keep in Sight".
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- Feb 2023
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Local file Local file
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Odds ratios (ORs)
A statistic that quantifies the strength of association between two events, A and B. It is the ratio of the odds of A in the presence of B, the odds of A in the absence of B, the odds of B in the presence of A, or the odds of B in the absence of A.
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www.markbernstein.org www.markbernstein.org
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This volume is filled with finely-written, accessible and engaging pieces on such topics as Gibbon’s style, his library and note-taking practices, and his knowledge of the city of Rome.
The Cambridge Companion To Edward Gibbon by Karen O’Brien and Brian Young, eds.<br /> by Mark Bernstein
Oh, do tell!
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Local file Local file
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“I only dowhat is easy. I only write when I immediately know how to do it. If Ifalter for a moment, I put the matter aside and do something else.”(Luhmann et al., 1987, 154f.)[4]
By "easy" here, I think he also includes the ideas of fun, interesting, pleasurable, and (Csikszentmihalyi's) flow.
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Local file Local file
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Things were changing quickly.Eco’s methods of organizing and filing information werestill effective, but word processors and the Internet werebeginning to offer exciting alternatives to long-establishedresearch and writing techniques.
Esparmer is correct that research and writing did change with the advent of word processors and the internet in the 1990s and early 2000s (p xi), but these were primarily changes to the front and the back of the process. Esparmer and far too many others seem to miss the difference in which affordances were shifting here. The note taking and organization portions still remained the same, so Eco's advice is still tremendously important. Even if one were to do long form notes in notebook format or in digital documents, they would profitably advised to still properly cross-index their notes or have them in a form that allows them to rearrange them most simply with respect to the structuring and creative processes.
Losing the ability to move ideas around easily, restructure them, link them together and outline them was a tremendous blow in going from the old methods to the new digital ones.
Did we accidentally become enamored of the new technologies and forget that their affordances didn't completely replace those of the old methods?
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forum.obsidian.md forum.obsidian.md
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In paper books I use Cal Newport’s “Morse Code method” placing a dot in the margin by a main point and a dash in the margin by a supporting point.
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- Jan 2023
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
What do you notice about the position of the method section in the paper? Is this the same as in the Report Writing Guidelines?
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www.complexityexplorer.org www.complexityexplorer.org
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pSGniUOyLc
Digital humanities aka Humanities Analytics
5:54 Simon DeDeo mentioned Alastair McKinnon the philosopher in the 60s did a stylopheric study of Kierkegaard pseudonyms - Kierkegaard's Pseudonyms: A New Hierarchy by Alastair McKinnon https://www.jstor.org/stable/20009297
Tools for supplementing research and scholarship
core audience is Ph.D. students
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- Dec 2022
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pressbooks.rampages.us pressbooks.rampages.us
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https://pressbooks.rampages.us/msw-research/
Note taking section, particularly here: https://pressbooks.rampages.us/msw-research/chapter/5-writing-your-literature-review/#chapter-285-section-2
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127.0.0.1:3999 127.0.0.1:3999
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You can only declare a method with a receiver whose type is defined in the same package as the method. You cannot declare a method with a receiver whose type is defined in another package (which includes the built-in types such as int).
You can only declare a method with a receiver whose type is defined in the same package as the method.
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A method is a function with a special receiver argument.
A method is a function with a special receiver argument.
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apolitical.co apolitical.co
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Some governments say labs build a culture of innovation. While a comforting idea, it’s wrong. Research from 2017 has found that while many companies and countries are investing in labs, that does not mean they are becoming more innovative. It concluded, “[Innovation] takes a lot more than opening a lab. It takes a disciplined approach on a number of fronts.”
So while something like an OpenLab can create value, it's not sufficient to bring in more innovation.
One could also put it this way: Instead of trying to become "the innovation lab" in our organization, why not use the group as a room where we can discuss how we bring innovation individually to our groups.
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genizalab.princeton.edu genizalab.princeton.edu
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Keeping track of research materials used to require an excellent memory, exceptional bookkeeping skills or blind luck; now we have databases.
Love the phrasing of this. :)
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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To Zotero or not to Zotero?
reply to: https://www.reddit.com/r/PersonalKnowledgeMgmt/comments/zgvbg4/to_zotero_or_not_to_zotero/
I don't often add in web pages, but for books and journal articles I love Zotero for quickly bookmarking, tagging, and saving material I want to read. It's worth it's weight in gold just for this functionality even if you're not using it for writing citations in publications.
Beyond this, because of it's openness and ubiquity it's got additional useful plugins for various functions you may want to play around with and a relatively large number of tools are able to dovetail with it to provide additional functionality. As an example, the ability to dump groups of material from Zotero into ResearchRabbit to discover other literature I ought to consider is a fantastically useful feature one is unlikely to find elsewhere (yet).
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www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
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At Ipswich, he studied under the unorthodox artist and theorist Roy Ascott, who taught him the power of what Ascott called “process not product.”
"process not product"
Zettelkasten-based note taking methods, and particularly that followed by Luhmann, seem to focus on process and not product.
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www.heritagedaily.com www.heritagedaily.com
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Published in the journal, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the paper also shows that the mice share similarities in mitochondrial DNA with Scandinavia and northern Germany, but not with mice found in Portugal.
Use of DNA on rodents to indicate ancient trade and travel.
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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Procs can't accept blocks as implicit arguments (the format you're trying). A proc can receive other proc objects as arguments, either explicitly, or using & arguments. Example: a = Proc.new do |&block| block.call end a.call() {puts "hi"}
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www.rfc-editor.org www.rfc-editor.org
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But anti- spam software often fetches all resources in mail header fields automatically, without any action by the user, and there is no mechanical way for a sender to tell whether a request was made automatically by anti-spam software or manually requested by a user. To prevent accidental unsubscriptions, senders return landing pages with a confirmation step to finish the unsubscribe request. A live user would recognize and act on this confirmation step, but an automated system would not. That makes the unsubscription process more complex than a single click.
HTTP: method: safe methods: GETs have to be safe, just in case a machine crawls it.
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This document describes a method for signaling a one-click function for the List-Unsubscribe email header field. The need for this arises out of the actuality that mail software sometimes fetches URLs in mail header fields, and thereby accidentally triggers unsubscriptions in the case of the List-Unsubscribe header field.
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- Nov 2022
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theinformed.life theinformed.life
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All research… All significant research is, in some respects, bottom-up. There is no alternative. And so, the only research that you can do top-down entirely is research for which you already have the solution.
Research, by design, is a bottom-up process.
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Victor Margolin's note taking and writing process
- Collecting materials and bibliographies in files based on categories (for chapters)
- Reads material, excerpts/note making on 5 x 7" note cards
- Generally with a title (based on visual in video)
- excerpts have page number references (much like literature notes, the refinement linking and outlining happens separately later in his mapping and writing processes)
- filed in a box with tabbed index cards by chapter number with name
- video indicates that he does write on both sides of cards breaking the usual rule to write only on one side
- Uses large pad of newsprint (roughly 18" x 24" based on visualization) to map out each chapter in visual form using his cards in a non-linear way. Out of the diagrams and clusters he creates a linear narrative form.
- Tapes diagrams to wall
- Writes in text editor on computer as he references the index cards and the visual map.
"I've developed a way of working to make this huge project of a world history of design manageable."<br /> —Victor Margolin
Notice here that Victor Margolin doesn't indicate that it was a process that he was taught, but rather "I've developed". Of course he was likely taught or influenced on the method, particularly as a historian, and that what he really means to communicate is that this is how he's evolved that process.
"I begin with a large amount of information." <br /> —Victor Margolin
"As I begin to write a story begins to emerge because, in fact, I've already rehearsed this story in several different ways by getting the information for the cards, mapping it out and of course the writing is then the third way of telling the story the one that will ultimately result in the finished chapters."<br /> —Victor Margolin
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www.obsidianroundup.org www.obsidianroundup.org
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Inevitably, I read and highlight more articles than I have time to fully process in Obsidian. There are currently 483 files in the Readwise/Articles folder and 527 files marked as needing to be processed. I have, depending on how you count, between 3 and 5 jobs right now. I am not going to neatly format all of those files. I am going to focus on the important ones, when I have time.
I suspect that this example of Eleanor Konik's is incredibly common among note takers. They may have vast repositories of collected material which they can reference or use, but typically don't.
In digital contexts it's probably much more common that one will have a larger commonplace book-style collection of notes (either in folders or with tags), and a smaller subsection of more highly processed notes (a la Luhmann's practice perhaps) which are more tightly worked and interlinked.
To a great extent this mirrors much of my own practice as well.
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billyoppenheimer.notion.site billyoppenheimer.notion.site
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Carlin’s bags of categorized ideas, from the archives of George Carlin
George Carlin kept his slips (miscellaneous scraps of collected paper with notes) sorted by topic name in Ziploc bags (literally that specific brand given the photo's blue/purple signature on the bag locks).
This is similar to others, including historian Keith Thomas, who kept his in labeled envelopes.
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- Oct 2022
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When I go to libraries or archives, I make notes in a continuous form on sheets of paper, entering the page number and abbreviated title of the source opposite each excerpted passage. When I get home, I copy the bibliographical details of the works I have consulted into an alphabeticised index book, so that I can cite them in my footnotes. I then cut up each sheet with a pair of scissors. The resulting fragments are of varying size, depending on the length of the passage transcribed. These sliced-up pieces of paper pile up on the floor. Periodically, I file them away in old envelopes, devoting a separate envelope to each topic. Along with them go newspaper cuttings, lists of relevant books and articles yet to be read, and notes on anything else which might be helpful when it comes to thinking about the topic more analytically. If the notes on a particular topic are especially voluminous, I put them in a box file or a cardboard container or a drawer in a desk. I also keep an index of the topics on which I have an envelope or a file. The envelopes run into thousands.
Historian Keith Thomas describes his note taking method which is similar to older zettelkasten methods, though he uses larger sheets of paper rather than index cards and files them away in topic-based envelopes.
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In his splendid recent autobiography, History of a History Man, Patrick Collinson reveals that when as a young man he was asked by the medievalist Geoffrey Barraclough at a job interview what his research method was, all he could say was that he tried to look at everything which was remotely relevant to his subject: ‘I had no “method”, only an omnium gatherum of materials culled from more or less everywhere.’
How does a medievalist reference "omnium gatherum" without an explicit mention of even florilegia which generally translates as "gatherings of flowers" as their method?!
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delong.typepad.com delong.typepad.com
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method," and the method known variously as the "see-say,""look-say," "look-and-say," or "word method." Doubtless experiments are now being undertaken in methods and approaches that differ from all of these. It is perhaps too earlyto tell whether any of these is the long-sought panacea forall reading ills.
Hence, researchers are very active at the present time, and their work has resulted in numerous new approaches to reading instruction. Among the more important new programs are the so-called eclectic approach, the individualized reading approach, the language-experience approach, the various approaches based on linguistic principles, and others based more or less closely on some kind of programmed instruction. In addition, new mediums such as the Initial Teaching Alphabet ( i.t.a. ) have been employed, and sometimes these involve new methods as well. Still other devices and programs are the "total immersion method," the "foreign-language-school
Have we ultimately come to the conclusion that neurodiversity means there is no one-size-fits all solution? Should we also be placing some focus on orality and memory methods to allow those to flourish as well? Where is the literature on "orality pedagogy"? Is it a thing? It should be...
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johannadaniel.fr johannadaniel.fr
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johannadaniel.fr johannadaniel.fr
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Il y a un point, en particulier, qui me frappe chaque jour davantage : ce que l’archive du chercheur d’hier peut apprendre au chercheur d’aujourd’hui, sur le plan de la méthodologie.
Translation:
There is one point in particular that strikes me more every day: what the archive of yesterday's researcher can teach today's researcher, in terms of methodology.
With the rarer exceptions of writers like Erasmus, Melanchthon, Agricola, U. Eco, and G. Weinberg who wrote manuals or others like John Locke (on Indices), E. Bernheim, Langlois/Seignobos, and B. Webb who tucked reasonable advice on research and note taking methods in their texts or appendices one of the benefits of of researcher archives is not just the historical record of the researcher's evolving thought, but to actually show specific types of methodology and changes through time.
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Local file Local file
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Lamenting that ‘I have only two eyes, and, unfortunately cannot use themso as to read two books at the same time’,
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archive.org archive.org
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...the usefulness of a note-taking system has an ultimate limit beyond which it becomes self-defeating. [...] After all, the ultimate purpose of the exercise is not to produce beautiful notes displaying the researcher's technical prowess, but rather usable notes to build the mosaic.<br /> —Jacques Goutor (p33)
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Goutor breaks down the post-processing of notes into two phases: "coding" (tagging or categorization) and "cross-referencing". (p31).
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There is a difference between various modes of note taking and their ultimate outcomes. Some is done for learning about an area and absorbing it into one's own source of general knowledge. Others are done to collect and generate new sorts of knowledge. But some may be done for raw data collection and analysis. Beatrice Webb called this "scientific note taking".
Historian Jacques Goutor talks about research preparation for this sort of data collecting and analysis though he doesn't give it a particular name. He recommends reading papers in related areas to prepare for the sort of data acquisition one may likely require so that one can plan out some of one's needs in advance. This will allow the researcher, especially in areas like history or sociology, the ability to preplan some of the sorts of data and notes they'll need to take from their historical sources or subjects in order to carry out their planned goals. (p8)
C. Wright Mills mentions (On Intellectual Craftsmanship, 1952) similar research planning whereby he writes out potential longer research methods even when he is not able to spend the time, effort, energy, or other (financial) resources to carry out such plans. He felt that just the thought experiments and exercise of doing such unfulfilled research often bore fruit in his other sociological endeavors.
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Goutor's description is offered as an outline of a mechanical method which he hopes will provide a greater level of efficiency, but which might be adapted to each researcher's work and needs. He also specifically offers it as a method to be used for "constructing some sort of final product". He considers it as serving the functions of gathering, organizing, storing and retrieving information.
(p3, Introduction)
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Goutor indicates that "a certain amount of individual in methods is commendable, and indeed necessary." but that "it soon becomes apparent that there are some ways of doing things more efficient and ultimately more productive than others". But he goes on to bemoan that how to manuals offer little help.
(p3, Introduction)
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- note taking advice
- note taking process
- Beatrice Webb
- mosaics
- user interface
- note taking why
- scientific note taking
- subject headings
- usability
- research planning
- cross references
- research methods
- quotes
- Jacques Goutor
- productivity
- note taking methods
- note taking affordances
- individuality
- On Intellectual Craftsmanship
- 1980
- C. Wright Mills
- card index as database
- card index
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I do not want toacquire any technique of work that would limit the play offancy.
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- Sep 2022
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Thesheets must always be of equal size, or at least of equal height in order not to get stuck or beoverlooked when manually searching for sheets or adding them.
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Local file Local file
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The fact that too much order can impede learning has becomemore and more known (Carey 2014).
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After looking at various studies fromthe 1960s until the early 1980s, Barry S. Stein et al. summarises:“The results of several recent studies support the hypothesis that
retention is facilitated by acquisition conditions that prompt people to elaborate information in a way that increases the distinctiveness of their memory representations.” (Stein et al. 1984, 522)
Want to read this paper.
Isn't this a major portion of what many mnemotechniques attempt to do? "increase distinctiveness of memory representations"? And didn't he just wholly dismiss the entirety of mnemotechniques as "tricks" a few paragraphs back? (see: https://hypothes.is/a/dwktfDiuEe2sxaePuVIECg)
How can one build or design this into a pedagogical system? How is this potentially related to Andy Matuschak's mnemonic medium research?
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This is not so different from when elaboration is recommended asa “learning method.” As a method, it has been proven to be moresuccessful than any other approach (McDaniel and Donnelly 1996).
Elaboration has been shown to be the most successful learning approach. (See McDaniel and Donnelly 1996) It is a two step process of being able to write about it and to use it in alternate contexts.
How is the Feynman Technique similar to/different from elaboration? It would seem to be missing the second portion.
This is one of the first times I've come across another word for part of the Feynman technique I've been looking for.
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categorical reading method
Not well defined. What do they mean specifically by categorical reading methods? CERIC may be one, but what are others? Are they standardized?
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The primary motivation behind categorical reading methods isto dissect each paper's structure and central argument using theabove conceptual model (Figure 1).
This appears to be the closed definition in the paper for the idea of categorical reading methods. They only provide one example without any comparison or contrast for better contextualization.
What is a more concrete idea for this particular term?
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forum.zettelkasten.de forum.zettelkasten.de
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Andy 10:31AM Flag Thanks for sharing all this. In a Twitter response, @taurusnoises said: "we are all participating in an evolving dynamic history of zettelkasten methods (plural)". I imagine the plurality of methods is even more diverse than indicated by @chrisaldrich, who seems to be keen to trace everything through a single historical tradition back to commonplace books. But if you consider that every scholar who ever worked must have had some kind of note-taking method, and that many of them probably used paper slips or cards, and that they may have invented methods relatively independently and tailored those methods to diverse needs, then we are looking at a much more interesting plurality of methods indeed.
Andy, I take that much broader view you're describing. I definitely wouldn't say I'm keen to trace things through one (or even more) historical traditions, and to be sure there have been very many. I'm curious about a broad variety of traditions and variations on them; giving broad categorization to them can be helpful. I study both the written instructions through time, but also look at specific examples people have left behind of how they actually practiced those instructions. The vast majority of people are not likely to invent and evolve a practice alone, but are more likely likely to imitate the broad instructions read from a manual or taught by teachers and then pick and choose what they feel works for them and their particular needs. It's ultimately here that general laziness is likely to fall down to a least common denominator.
Between the 8th and 13th Centuries florilegium flouished, likely passed from user to user through a religious network, primarily facilitated by the Catholic Church and mendicant orders of the time period. In the late 1400s to 1500s, there were incredibly popular handbooks outlining the commonplace book by Erasmus, Agricola, and Melancthon that influenced generations of both teachers and students to come. These traditions ebbed and flowed over time and bent to the technologies of their times (index cards, card catalogs, carbon copy paper, computers, internet, desktop/mobile/browser applications, and others.) Naturally now we see a new crop of writers and "influencers" like Kuehn, Ahrens, Allosso, Holiday, Forte, Milo, and even zettelkasten.de prescribing methods which are variously followed (or not), understood, misunderstood, modified, and changed by readers looking for something they can easily follow, maintain, and which hopefully has both short term and long term value to them.
Everyone is taking what they want from what they read on these techniques, but often they're not presented with the broadest array of methods or told what the benefits and affordances of each of the methods may be. Most manuals on these topics are pretty prescriptive and few offer or suggest flexibility. If you read Tiago Forte but don't need a system for work or project-based productivity but rather need a more Luhmann-like system for academic writing, you'll have missed something or will only have a tool that gets you part of what you may have needed. Similarly if you don't need the affordances of a Luhmannesque system, but you've only read Ahrens, you might not find the value of simplified but similar systems and may get lost in terminology you don't understand or may not use. The worst sin, in my opinion, is when these writers offer their advice, based only on their own experiences which are contingent on their own work processes, and say this is "the way" or I've developed "this method" over the past decade of grueling, hard-fought experience and it's the "secret" to the "magic of note taking". These ideas have a long and deep history with lots of exploration and (usually very little) innovation, but an average person isn't able to take advantage of this because they're only seeing a tiny slice of these broader practices. They're being given a hammer instead of a whole toolbox of useful tools from which they might choose. Almost none are asking the user "What is the problem you're trying to solve?" and then making suggestions about what may or may not have worked for similar problems in the past as a means of arriving at a solution. More often they're being thrown in the deep end and covered in four letter acronyms, jargon, and theory which ultimately have no value to them. In other cases they're being sold on the magic of productivity and creativity while the work involved is downplayed and they don't get far enough into the work to see any of the promised productivity and creativity.
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The second is the fact that, formany persons, the tasks of critical scholarship arenot without their charm; nearly every one findsin them a singular satisfaction in the long runand some have confined themselves to these taskswho might, strictly speaking, have aspired to higherthings.
what about people who may have been on the spectrum, and naturally suited to these endeavors, but who may have wished to hide from the resultant fame or notoreity? Those researchers surely existed in the past.
What about the quickening of these research databases in the digital era that allow researchers like Thomas Piketty to do work on the original sources, but still bring them into a form that allows the analysis and writing critically about them over the span of their own lifetimes? How many researchers are there like this?
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It would be very interesting to have information on the methodsof work of the great scholars, particularly those who undertooklong tasks of collection and classification. Some information ofthis kind is to be found in their papers, and occasionally in theircorrespondence. On the methods of Du Cange, see L. Feugfere, Mudesur la vie et les ouvrages de Du Gomge (Paris, 1858, 8vo), pp. 62 sqq_,
Indeed! I find myself having asked this particular question in a similar setting/context before!!!
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- Aug 2022
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occidental.substack.com occidental.substack.com
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https://occidental.substack.com/p/the-adlernet-guide-part-ii?sd=pf
Description of a note taking method for reading the Great Books: part commonplace, part zettelkasten.
I'm curious where she's ultimately placing the cards to know if the color coding means anything in the end other than simply differentiating the card "types" up front? (i.e. does it help to distinguish cards once potentially mixed up?)
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German publishers send out so-called book cards to book shops along with their newreleases. On them, bibliographic information is printed. Those book cards are also in postcardsize, i.e. A6, and their textual structure allows for them to be included in the reference filebox.
Automatic reference cards!
When did they stop doing this!!!
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In the mercantile world, the energy- and time consuming note book process has been replacedwith a file card system because competition forces them to save time and energy.
note the evolution here based on competition from practices in another field (accounting)
What was his experience within accounting and these traditions?
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The sheet box
Interesting choice of translation for "Die Kartei" by the translator. Some may have preferred the more direct "file".
Historically for this specific time period, while index cards were becoming more ubiquitous, most of the prior century researchers had been using larger sheets and frequently called them either slips or sheets based on their relative size.
Beatrice Webb in 1926 (in English) described her method and variously used the words “cards”, “slips”, “quarto”, and “sheets” to describe notes. Her preference was for quarto pages which were larger pages which were likely closer to our current 8.5 x 11” standard than they were to even larger index cards (like 4 x 6".
While I have some dissonance, this translation makes a lot of sense for the specific time period. I also tend to translate the contemporaneous French word “fiches” of that era as “sheets”.
See also: https://hypothes.is/a/OnCHRAexEe2MotOW5cjfwg https://hypothes.is/a/fb-5Ngn4Ee2uKUOwWugMGQ
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Gibbon for instance made all his notes
Historian Edward Gibbon made all of his notes "in books of fast-bound leaves".
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Dow, Earle Wilbur. Principles of a Note-System for Historical Studies. Century Company, 1924.
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docdrop.org docdrop.org
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Allosso, Dan, and S. F. Allosso. How to Make Notes and Write. Minnesota State Pressbooks, 2022. https://minnstate.pressbooks.pub/write/.
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the slips by the topicalheadings. Guide cards are useful to gdicate the several head-ings and subheadings. Under each heading classif the slipsin writing, discarding any that may not prove useful andmaking cross references for notes which may be needed foruse in more than one lace. This classification will reveal,almost automatically, wiere there are deficiencies in the ma-terials collected which should be remedied. The completedand classified collection of notes then becomes the basis ofcomposition.
missing some textual context here for full quote...
Dutcher is recommending arranging notes and cards by topical headings in a commonplace sort of method. He does recommend a sub-arrangement of placing them in logical order for one's writing however. He goes even further and indicates one may "make cross references for notes which may be needed for use in more than one place." Which provides an early indication of linking or cross linking cards to multiple places within in one's card index. (Has this cross referencing (linking) idea appeared in the literature specifically before, or is this an early instantiation of this idea?)
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111. RESEARC
Dutcher suggest that there are three "purposes in reading": information, thought, and style.
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worldcat.org worldcat.org
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Technik des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens by Johannes Erich Heyde( Book )29 editions published between 1931 and 1970 in 3 languages and held by 197 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
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Technik des Wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens. Eine anleitung, besonders für Studierende, mit Ausführlichem Schriftenverzeichnis by Johannes Erich Heyde( Book )25 editions published between 1933 and 1951 in German and Undetermined and held by 114 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
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Technik des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens; eine Anleitung, besonders für Studierende by Johannes Erich Heyde( Book )32 editions published between 1931 and 1951 in German and held by 179 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
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scottscheper.com scottscheper.com
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https://scottscheper.com/letter/36/
Clemens Luhmann, Niklas' son, has a copy of a book written in German in 1932 and given to his father by Friedrich Rudolf Hohl which ostensibly is where Luhmann learned his zettelkasten technique. It contains a 34 page chapter titled Die Kartei (the Card Index) which has the details.
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Heyde, Johannes Erich. 1931. Technik des wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens. Zeitgemässe Mittelund Verfahrensweisen: Eine Anleitung, besonders für Studierende, 3rd ed. Berlin: Junkerund Dünhaupt.
A manual on note taking practice that Blair quotes along with Paul Chavigny as being influential in the early 21st century.
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occidental.substack.com occidental.substack.com
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Malachy Walsh23 hr agoI'm 75 years old. Unfortunately I rejected the notecard method when it was taught in high school, instead choosing cumbersome notebooks all the way through graduate school...until Richard McKeon at University of Chicago recommended using notecards not only as a record of my reading and other experiences but also as a source of creative and rhetorical invention. This was a mind opening, life changing perspective. His only rule: each card or slip should pose and answer a single question. He recommended organizing all journal entries by one of the following topics: 1. By the so called great ideas in the Syntopticon. 2. By work or business projects, activities and events(I spent my life as an advertising man, juggling many assignments over 30 years, from Frosted Flakes to The Marines to Ford). 3. By great books worthy of Adler's analytical readings. 4. By everyday living topics like family, friends, health, wealth, politics, business, car, house, occasions, etc. This way of working has served me well. I believe a proper book case is half full of books and half full of boxes of notes about those books. Notice that McKeon's advice is not limited to writing and reflecting about the books we read. McKeown also encourages reflection on all areas of experience that are important to us. I guess I have an Aristotelian view that our lives consist of thinking, doing, making, and interacting and that writing offers us a way of connecting our thinking with these other activities. So, the nature, scope, and shape our "note system" should be designed to help us engage successfully in our day to day activities and long term enterprises. How should follow What and Why, connect with Who, and fit with When and Where. Any success I have had in business or personal life I attribute to McKeon's advice.
Richard McKeon's advice, as relayed by a student, on how to take notes using an index card based practice.
Does he have a written handbook or advice on his particular method?
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- Jul 2022
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Local file Local file
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The industrious apprentice will find in the Appendix (C) a short memorandumon the method of analytic note-taking, which we have found most convenient inthe use of documents and contemporaneous literature, as well as in the recording ofinterviews and personal observations.
method of analytic note-taking from Beatrice Webb
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in a later chapter I call it syntheticnote-taking, in order to distinguish it from the analytic note¬taking upon which historical work is based.
Webb distinguishes synthetic note taking from analytic note taking.
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THE ART OF NOTE-TAKING
Beatrice Webb's suggestions: - Use sheets of paper and not notebooks, specifically so one can re-arrange, shuffle, and resort one's notes - She uses quarto pages as most convenient (quarto sizes have varied over time, but presumably hers were in the range of 8.5 x 11" sheets of paper, and thus rather large compared to index cards
It takes some careful attention, but her description of her method and how she used it in a pre-computer era is highly indicative of the fact that Beatrice Webb was actively creating a paper database system which she could then later query to compile data to either elicit insight or to prove answers to particular questions.
She specifically advises that one keep one and only one sort of particular types of data on each card whether that be dates, locations, subjects, or categories of facts. This is directly equivalent to the modern database design of only keeping one value in a particular field. As a result, each sheet within her notes might be equivalent to a row of related data which might contain a variety of different types of individual data. By not mixing data on individual sheets one can sort and resort their tables and effectively search through them without confusing data types.
Her work and examples here would have been in the period of 1890 and 1910 (she specifically cites that this method was used for her research on the "principles of 1834" which was subsequently published as English Poor Law Policy in 1910) at a time after Basile Bouchon and Joseph Marie Jacquard and contemporaneously with Herman Hollerith who were using punched cards for some of this sort of work.
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danallosso.substack.com danallosso.substack.com
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I'm trying to get info OUT of my note-taking system. It's not as easy as I'd like it to be.
This is one of the biggest problems with any of the systems digital or analog. The workflows for this are all generally not great.
I'm actually trying some advice from Konrad Gessner from the 1500s today. I've printed out some of my digital notes about Tiago Forte's new book to arrange and organize them in an attempt to reuse all my writing and thinking about it into a review of the book. It'll probably take a bit as I've left them for a week or two, but I'm curious to see what the manual process looks like here in an effort to help make the digital portion potentially easier.
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