Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. (2021, November 25). Around the world, there are now 132 COVID-19 vaccine candidates undergoing clinical trials and 194 candidates in pre-clinical development. Read our latest #COVID19 vaccine race update: Https://t.co/ETtHP6XmYI [Tweet]. @gavi. https://twitter.com/gavi/status/1463953132120010753

Wallis, C. (n.d.). COVID Has Pushed Medical Research into Remote Trials, Benefiting Patients and Scientists. Scientific American. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0521-24

Hilda Bastian, PhD. (2021, February 6). Unofficial unnamed AstraZeneca insider says they are doing the interim analysis for the US trial of the Oxford vaccine. AstraZeneca spokesperson says 4-6 weeks till data release. Https://t.co/VUHgbHN02d One is wrong? Or they’ll release only when have FDA minimum follow-up? Https://t.co/LgjfX8AIti [Tweet]. @hildabast. https://twitter.com/hildabast/status/1357862227106095105

ReconfigBehSci. (2020, October 31). RT @learnfromerror: PHIL STAT FORUM NOVEMBER 19; STEPHEN SENN ‘Randomisation and Control in the Age of Coronavirus?’ https://t.co/hqT8GWTqC… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1323311706609721344

Kai Kupferschmidt. (2021, March 16). “I’m not here to give you the outcome of any scientific review”, says EMA director Emer Cooke at start of press conference on AstraZeneca vaccine safety. ‘I’m here to explain the steps in the process, what we’re doing, and when you can expect us to come to a conclusion.’ [Tweet]. @kakape. https://twitter.com/kakape/status/1371811123197001729

CNN, A. S. (n.d.). Pfizer begins Phase 2 and 3 trial of Covid-19 antiviral Paxlovid in children ages 6 to 17. CNN. Retrieved 22 March 2022, from https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/09/health/pfizer-paxlovid-pediatric-trial/index.html

Mancini, D. P., & Smyth, J. (2022, February 16). Merck struggles to win European approval for Covid-19 antiviral pill. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/2cf0b6cc-b07b-4ff9-a833-42eb1798a576

Hause, A. M. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Safety in Children Aged 5–11 Years—United States, November 3–December 19, 2021. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm705152a1

Prof. Akiko Iwasaki. (2022, January 27). Vaccines that reduce infection & disease are needed to combat the pandemic. Here, @tianyangmao @BenIsraelow et al. Describe our new mucosal booster strategy, Prime and Spike, to induce such immunity via nasal delivery of unadjuvanted spike vaccine 🧵 (1/) https://biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.24.477597v1 https://t.co/bcB5MFph9F [Tweet]. @VirusesImmunity. https://twitter.com/VirusesImmunity/status/1486510697332842498

Devlin, H., & correspondent, H. D. S. (2022, February 3). Novavax Covid vaccine approved for use in over-18s in UK. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/feb/03/novavax-covid-vaccine-approved-for-use-in-over-18s-in-uk

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Jabagi, M. J., Botton, J., Bertrand, M., Weill, A., Farrington, P., Zureik, M., & Dray-Spira, R. (2021). Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Pulmonary Embolism After BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in People Aged 75 Years or Older. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.21699

COVID-19 vaccine surveillance report—Week 47. (n.d.). 46.

Yang, M. (2021, November 23). Seven doctors contract Covid after attending Florida anti-vaccine summit. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/23/florida-doctors-covid-coronavirus-bruce-boros

Reardon, S. (2021). Cuba’s bet on home-grown COVID vaccines is paying off. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03470-x

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Modern mob justice is not too dissimilar to the historical experience of the Salem witch trials.

How might one rewrite Arthur Miller's The Crucible within the framework of modern cancel culture? What does that look like? We need more art to reflect these changes in society to tell our story and get people thinking.

Anne Applebaum indicates that the secretive procedures being practiced at American colleges and universities to prosecute their community members is very similar to authoritarian governments like the Argentine junta, Franco's Spain, and Stalin's troikas.

How are these cases being played out differently in the social (and social media) sphere without the ability to confront your accusers with an idea of due process?

A confounding factor also seems to be the punishment of dragging the case out for extended period of time.

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Waltz, E. (2021). COVID vaccine makers brace for a variant worse than Delta. Nature, d41586-021-02854–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02854-3

Abbas-Hanif, A., Modi, N., Smith, S. K., & Majeed, A. (2021). Covid-19 treatments and vaccines must be evaluated in pregnancy. BMJ, n2377. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2377

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Kadambari, S., & Vanderslott, S. (2021). Lessons about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among minority ethnic people in the UK. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, S1473309921004047. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00404-7

Waddell, Lily. “Double-Jabbed May Miss Holidays If NHS Errors Mean Records Don’t Save,” July 21, 2021. https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/uk-travel-news-vaccine-passport-holidays-covid-b946848.html.

PINHO, A. C. (2021, March 10). EMA starts rolling review of Eli Lilly antibodies bamlanivimab and etesevimab for COVID-19 [Text]. European Medicines Agency. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-starts-rolling-review-eli-lilly-antibodies-bamlanivimab-etesevimab-covid-19

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Lipsitch, M., & Kahn, R. (2021). Interpreting vaccine efficacy trial results for infection and transmission. Vaccine, 39(30), 4082–4088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.011

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Borobia, A. M., Carcas, A. J., Pérez-Olmeda, M., Castaño, L., Bertran, M. J., García-Pérez, J., Campins, M., Portolés, A., González-Pérez, M., García Morales, M. T., Arana-Arri, E., Aldea, M., Díez-Fuertes, F., Fuentes, I., Ascaso, A., Lora, D., Imaz-Ayo, N., Barón-Mira, L. E., Agustí, A., … Torvisco, J. M. (2021). Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 booster in ChAdOx1-S-primed participants (CombiVacS): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet, S0140673621014203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01420-3

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Parry, H. M., Tut, G., Faustini, S., Stephens, C., Saunders, P., Bentley, C., Hilyard, K., Brown, K., Amirthalingam, G., Charlton, S., Leung, S., Chiplin, E., Coombes, N. S., Bewley, K. R., Penn, E. J., Rowe, C., Otter, A., Watts, R., D’Arcangelo, S., … Moss, P. (2021). BNT162b2 Vaccination in People Over 80 Years of Age Induces Strong Humoral Immune Responses with Cross Neutralisation of P.1 Brazilian Variant. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3816840

Callaway, E. (2021). Mix-and-match COVID vaccines trigger potent immune response. Nature, 593(7860), 491–491. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01359-3

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the Guardian. ‘Small Number of Facebook Users Responsible for Most Covid Vaccine Skepticism – Report’, 16 March 2021. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/mar/15/facebook-study-covid-vaccine-skepticism.

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London, Alex John, and Jonathan Kimmelman. ‘Against Pandemic Research Exceptionalism’. Science 368, no. 6490 (1 May 2020): 476–77. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc1731.

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Califf, Robert M., Adrian F. Hernandez, and Martin Landray. ‘Weighing the Benefits and Risks of Proliferating Observational Treatment Assessments: Observational Cacophony, Randomized Harmony’. JAMA 324, no. 7 (18 August 2020): 625–26. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.13319.

Field, S. M., Hoek, J. M., de Vries, Y. A., Linde, M., Pittelkow, M., Muradchanian, J., & van Ravenzwaaij, D. (2020, July 30). Rethinking Remdesivir for COVID-19: A Bayesian Reanalysis of Trial Findings. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/2kam7

Gauri, V. (2020 April 30). Behavioral Public Policy Faces a Crisis. Behavioral Scientist. https://behavioralscientist.org/behavioral-public-policy-faces-a-crisis/

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Matthews, D. (2020, May 20). How exposing healthy volunteers to Covid-19 for vaccine testing would work. Vox. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2020/5/20/21258725/covid-19-human-challenge-trials-vaccine-update-sars-cov-2

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215 clinical trials

337 clinical trials

Interesting how these two sources contradict each other with regards to why Fleming did not release Penicillin for ten years.

Article: Understanding animal research

Interesting how these two sources contradict each other with regards to why Fleming did not release Penicillin for ten years.

Article: Would drugs be safe for us without animal tests?

Week 5 Video Lecture