Footnote 8:

The last edition of Origin published during CD’s lifetime was the 1876 reprint of Origin 6th ed., and had some corrections and additions to the text (Freeman 1977). This edition was produced in a cheaper form than previous ones, with small type and a relatively small page; a ‘gentleman’s’ edition usually had larger type and page size, with wider margins.

Ref: Darwin Correspondence Project, “Letter no. 11918,” accessed on 30 September 2024, https://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/letter/?docId=letters/DCP-LETT-11918.xml

ᔥ[[Richard Carter]] in Mastodon at Sep 23, 2024, 08:20 AM (accessed:: 2024-09-30 01:34:36)

It doesn't seem like he necessarily cared she was leaving and just wanted her gone, and found any excuse to get her off the Google team. Like Buolamwini, she talked to important people to try to get things changed and bettered and it seemed like there wasn't some interest in anything she had to say.

I think there is definitely a connection between the two because they are both struggling with the same problems in their jobs, and as soon as they change skin tones, they are more relevant and people care more about their opinions.

I think throughout this article, they used examples of people that are affected by this and how they look to help people understand they are just as talented as any other human being

for - digital delay stats - Pew Research

summary - That digital decay and link rot are digital facts of life means that annotating information on the page that is relevant for you to preserve is a good practice. - It may appear redundant but if that page disappears in the future, you will be glad you have preserved it in a place accessible to you - in your annotations!

This is related to the video because ChatGPT 3.5 uses the same method to change wording. LLM is a very important thing when using ChatGPT because it is able to make sentences transform into more proper and correct sentences

This is very similar to the ChatGPT video because how ChatGPT produces their answers, is by other peoples answers or searches. Words look for each other to make everything relevant and be put together well, while ChatGPT puts peoples searches together to create one answer.

I expect to learn from this paragraph is why words mean what they mean and how the are used to make sense. Depending on how things are worded, they could mean different things and this paragraph will teach us how to use proper language.

This paragraph will teach us about the languages used when chatgpt was first started and how it was created.

I'm using this quote again because it connects to the video on where ChatGPT models learn how to predict words for their responses. The prediction from ChatGPT leads to complex possibilities and Dobrin connects to this where context is the main reason why AI can make these predictions.

This sentence connects to Dobrin's perspective on ChatGPT limits, arguing whether ChatGPT actually understands the language or just copies answers that sound right. Even in the video, it talks about ChatGPT's model where it creates responses based on context rather that being conscious.

I think this is crazy. It surprises me how many people believe in AI and how many people are actually for it and trying to prove to people that AI is actually helpful and a good resource to use.

I think it's really crazy how fast AI became popular because people have been using it for so long and as soon as student found out it can be a way of cheating, it rapidly grew, and it's cool learning about how AI can help us learn, rather than help us cheat.

I believe I will learn from this paragraph is the background of AI and who and how it was discovered and used throughout the past

In a way wikipedia is another form of AI, all teachers don't like their students getting information from Wikipedia because a lot of it is fake, but AI seems like another step up and finding real true information to find research.

I was very intrigued by this, I didn't know companies have been using AI for information that has been happening around the word. After reading this it now makes sense of how specific the numbers, time, and dates are.

A lot of people tend to be against AI because they think its creepy or flat out wrong, this paragraph is going to help us understand that anyone can us AI for any reason and help colleges and students understand that in certain circumstances AI would be helpful for us.

This paragraph is going to help introduce what AI is an how we can use it for education.

Uhh, I'd imagine "remove" would refer to "bold" annotation.

Otherwise, there can be another "bold" with t < 20, that would be accidentally removed.

Syntactic intent is not preserved.

Adler, Mortimer J. “How to Mark a Book.” Saturday Review of Literature, July 6, 1940.

See also: https://hypothes.is/a/WZWWgnV2EeyFFBshJKbM4A

ownership [of a book]

quote from:<br /> The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacraments (London: 1549), sig. B iiv.

I now know what page notes are. They are annotations without selecting any texts. However, I do not know how to use page notes effectively, or when to use page notes, for me or for my students.

I have known about highlights in Hypothesis.is. Highlights are only visible to myself, but not to others.

However, I have thought about how to use highlights as my own tips for students. Use highlights first while you are reading the article. Highlight potential texts first for later annotation! That way, there is no need to read the article one more time.

This is getting into methods of this study.

Jillian Hess' guess for the origin of King's plagiarism.

It's also possible that he came from a much more oral facing cultural upbringing rather than a dyed-in-the-wool academic one which focused on attribution.

her is some evidence that I am being honest

2023-12-21 BookBridge Talk, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3M-nfWI93nY. Andy Matuschak and Derrek Chow

[[Dan Allosso]] in How to Read, part 2

original source?

it's Benjamin Franklin letter to Miss Stevenson, Wanstead. Craven-street, May 16, 1760.<br /> see: https://hyp.is/HZeDKI3YEeyj9GcNWKX4iA/www.gutenberg.org/files/40236/40236-h/40236-h.htm

https://mitpressonpubpub.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/syyor4ra/release/1?readingCollection=31668090

From Chapter 3 of Remi Kalir and Antero Garcia's book Annotation.

I've referenced this image so many times, I ought to finally bookmark it, right?

Ted Nelson shows a similar one when talking about Project Xanadu and the importance of parallel texts.

https://medium.com/workings/obsidian-properties-meets-sidenotes-1b46a25d8be

A note taking tool discussed by [[Bastien Guerry]] at I Annotate 2021.

“You don't read without marking; you can't mark without reading.” —Kori Stamper

Delmore Schwartz' heavily annotated copy of James Joyce's Finnegans Wake; complete work digitized

https://collections.library.yale.edu/catalog/10646994

https://archaeologyofreading.org/ The Archaeology of Reading

https://blogs.bard.edu/arendtcollection/

cc: remikalir

https://www.reddit.com/r/books/comments/17pitv9/when_does_annotating_books_become_a_distraction/

This entire thread is a fascinating sample look at the state of annotation with respect to reading practices.

via https://www.reddit.com/r/books/comments/17pitv9/comment/k86tusz/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

reply to u/Low-Appointment-2906 at https://www.reddit.com/r/books/comments/17pitv9/when_does_annotating_books_become_a_distraction/

Through the middle ages, bookmakers would not only leave significant margins for readers to annotate, but they also illuminated books and included drolleries which readers in the know would use in conjunction with the arts of memory (from rhetoric) to memorize portions of texts more easily. I strongly suspect this isn't what booktokkers are doing; their practice is likely more like the sorts of decorative #ProductivityPorn one sees in the Bullet journal and journaling spaces. It's performative content creation.

Those interested in refining their practices of "reading with a pen in hand", continuing the "great conversation" or having "conversations with their texts" might profitably start with Mortimer J. Adler's essay: “How to Mark a Book” (Saturday Review of Literature, July 6, 1941). In his 1975 KCET series How to Read a Book, which was based on their book of the same name, Adler mentioned to Charles Van Doren that he would buy new copies of books so he could re-annotate them without being distracted by his older annotations.

Some have solved the problem of distracting annotations by interleaving their books so they've got lots of blank space to write their notes. It's a rarer practice now, but some publishers still print Bibles with blank pages every other page for this practice. Others put their annotations and notes into commonplace books or on index cards for their card index/zettelkasten.

As some have mentioned, friends and lovers through time have shared books with annotations as a way of sharing their thoughts. George Custer and his wife Elizabeth did this with Tennyson.

If you're interested in annotating digitally online, perhaps check out Hypothes.is where I've seen teachers and students using social annotation to read and make sense of books [example]. I've also seen groups of people use this tool for hosting online book groups/clubs.

If you're in it for fun, you might appreciate:

• https://archaeologyofreading.org/
• https://booktraces-public.lib.virginia.edu/
• My digital annotations on annotation

And those wishing to delve more deeply into the history and power of annotation might look at: Kalir, Remi H., and Antero Garcia. Annotation. The MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series. MIT Press, 2019. https://mitpressonpubpub.mitpress.mit.edu/annotation.

Good luck annotating! 📝

love "raucous conversation"!

Thomas Jefferson wrote the names of the previously anonymous authors of The Federalist next to their essays in his personal copy.

https://chantalmb.github.io/MRE-MitM-2023/

Found via Shawn Graham @electricarchaeo@scholar.social

Folks, I am so pleased to share that Chantal Brousseau has won the University Medal for Outstanding Graduate Work at the Master's Level for her major research project 'Metadata in the Margins - Reshaping Archives as Data through Early Modern Marginalia' > https://chantalmb.github.io/MRE-MitM-2023/

Just a tremendous person to work with; I've been lucky to work with her. So pleased! #histodons #dh https://hcommons.social/@electricarchaeo@scholar.social/111292052630790110

cc: remikalir

reply to u/Sensitive-Binding at https://www.reddit.com/r/antinet/comments/17ck5la/what_is_it_with_index_cards/

Some of it may involve the difference in available space versus other forms of writing on larger pages of paper. Similarly, many find that there is less pressure to write something short on Twitter or similar social media platforms because there is less space in the user interface that your mind feels the need to fill up. One can become paralyzed by looking at the larger open space on a platform like WordPress with the need to feel like they should write more.

With index cards you fill one up easily enough, and if there's more, you just grab another card and repeat.

cross reference with Fermat's Last Theorem being easier to suggest in a margin than actually writing it out in full.

Example: Hypothesis Plug In.

http://annotatingausten.sfsuenglishdh.net/

Three AI Chatbots, Two Books, and One Weird Annotation Experiment by Remi Kalir on September 29, 2023 https://remikalir.com/blog/three-ai-chatbots-two-books-and-one-weird-annotation-experiment/

An interesting divergent take on writing in library books...

Many writers and excerpters had amanuenses as helpers to copy out passages or to copy material over for them. Theodor Fontane would mark passages in books for his children to excerpt and copy over for him.

Compare this manual labor to that of more modern tools like Hypothes.is which allow one to digitally highlight and then excerpt almost automatically.

Undocumented Hypothes.is Badge API (used by Chrome extension):

```python """ Return the number of public annotations on a given page.

This is for the number that's displayed on the Chrome extension's badge.

Certain pages are blocklisted so that the badge never shows a number on those pages. The Chrome extension is oblivious to this, we just tell it that there are 0 annotations. """ ```

https://hypothes.is/api/badge?uri=* same as https://hypothes.is/api/search?limit=0&uri=*.

Watch the scale and scope of what you're doing. If you read a book and make a hundred highlights and small notes, DO NOT attempt to turn all of these into permanent notes. You might fell like that is the thing to do, but resist it. A large portion are small things or potentially useful facts that you'll likely never use again or would easily remember, particularly once you've read a whole book.

Find the much smaller subset (5-10% or less of the overall total of notes and highlights as a ballpark rule of thumb) of the most interesting and potentially long term useful ones, and turn those into your permanent notes. Anything beyond this is sure to cause overwhelm. Also don't think that your permanent notes need to be spectacular, awesome, or even bordering on "perfect". They just need to be useful enough for you.

If you own the books or keep your brief notes and highlights written down and need them in the future, you'll still have those to search/find and do something with later as a backstop just in case.

Jack Kerouac followed the general advice of Mortimer J. Adler to write notes into the endpapers of his books as evidenced by the endpapers of Volume IV of the 7th Year Course of The Great Books Foundation series with which Adler was closely associated.

http://zesty.ca/crit/

https://web.hypothes.is/help/annotating-youtube-videos-with-the-hypothesis-lms-app/

Walkthrough for how to add YouTube Videos into LMS assignments for annotation with H.

https://web.hypothes.is/blog/exciting-new-feature-annotate-youtube-videos-with-hypothesis/

Wishing this was easier within YouTube directly instead of hidden within the LMS. Of course, there's always still https://docdrop.org/ for this instead.

Texts are patient conversationalists always waiting for you to write your side of the conversation into the margin before they continue on with their side of the conversation. Sadly, too many readers (students especially) don't realize that there's a conversation going on.

Link to:<br /> - https://hypothes.is/a/bBwyhkN3Ee6nQNPI5xmSnQ - https://hypothes.is/a/GvRApkN3Ee6LbBPqqX-A5Q

Margins in books and on paper are blank spaces for "dark ideas" asking to be filled in while "reading with a pen in hand" so that the reader can have a conversation with the text.

Link to https://hypothes.is/a/GvRApkN3Ee6LbBPqqX-A5Q on dark ideas

Indigenous cultures can "see" dark constellations (example: the Australian emu in the sky) which are defined empty spaces which are explicitly visible.

Using this concept, one could think of or use blank index cards in a zettelkasten or even the empty (negative) spaces between cards as "dark ideas" (potential ideas which need to be thought of and filled in).

Link to: https://hypothes.is/a/FlqusEN1Ee6XEr_9StPUlA

https://www.amazon.com/Ferguson-Report-Erasure-Nicole-Sealey/dp/0593535995

cc: remikalir

https://archive.org/details/pentagonpapersde00beac/page/n1/mode/2up

Daniel Ellsberg's personal copy of the Pentagon Papers with handwritten annotations.

Full Daniel Ellsberg collection of scanned documents from his home: https://archive.org/details/danielellsberg?tab=collection

reply to u/Nil205 at https://www.reddit.com/r/commonplacebook/comments/14li1ri/cpb_vs_reading_notes/

I have a similar and differently formed, but still simple system compared to most here. Rather than a traditional commonplace book, I keep all my notes on index cards. I keep all my reading notes for a particular book on a series of index cards that I staple together with a citation card for the book and then file them by author and title.

When I'm done, I'll excerpt the most important parts each individual note (highlight/annotation) and expand on them on its own index card which I file away and index. In your case you might equivalently have a reading notebook where you might keep a section of notes as you read a book and then excerpt the most important or salient parts into your main commonplace. Some may prefer, especially if they own the book in question, to annotate (put their reading notes into) the book directly and then excerpt either as they go or at the end when they're done and can frame their ideas with a broader knowledge of the area in question. Sometimes at later dates you may realize you read something useful which you don't find in your commonplace book, but you can find the gist of it in your reading notes which you can reference, refresh your memory, and then excerpt into your commonplace.

For more on my sort of card index or zettelkasten (German: slip box) practice you might take a look at one or more of the following which explain the broad generalities:

• Eco, Umberto. How to Write a Thesis. Translated by Caterina Mongiat Farina and Geoff Farina. 1977. Reprint, Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2015. https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/how-write-thesis.
• Ahrens, Sönke. How to Take Smart Notes: One Simple Technique to Boost Writing, Learning and Thinking – for Students, Academics and Nonfiction Book Writers. Create Space, 2017.
• Allosso, Dan, and S. F. Allosso. How to Make Notes and Write. Minnesota State Pressbooks, 2022. https://minnstate.pressbooks.pub/write/.
• Goutor, Jacques. The Card-File System of Note-Taking. Approaching Ontario’s Past 3. Toronto: Ontario Historical Society, 1980. http://archive.org/details/cardfilesystemof0000gout.
• Tietze, Christian. “Getting Started: Zettelkasten Method.” Blog/forum. Zettelkasten, 2015. https://zettelkasten.de/posts/overview/.

If it's useful/inspiring as an example, Ross Ashby had a lifelong series of notebooks, much like a commonplace, and a separate card index where he cross-indexed all of his ideas to make them more easily searchable, findable, and cross referenceable. You can see digitized versions of the journals and index online which you can explore at http://www.rossashby.info/journal/index.html.

I want this Harriet Tubman stamp more than I'd like the $5 Bill Murray version... at least until the new $20 is released.

https://hypothes.is/a/QdWnFgfoEe6tBl834HpIcA

Benjamin Franklin letter to Miss Stevenson, Wanstead. Craven-street, May 16, 1760.

Franklin doesn't use the word commonplace book here, but is actively recommending the creation and use of one. He's also encouraging the practice of annotation, though in commonplace form rather than within the book itself.

https://www.ploter.io/

https://www.marginnote.com/

Johnson, Dirk. “Book Lovers Fear Dim Future for Notes in the Margins.” The New York Times, February 21, 2011, sec. Books. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/21/books/21margin.html.

suggested by The Margins of Marginalia by Tom Peters, ALA TechSource on 2011-05-02

A book can't only be about the text, it has to be about the reader's interaction with it and thoughts about it. Without these, the object has no value.

Annotations are the traces left behind of how one valued a book as they read and interacted with it.

An association copy is a copy of a book which belonged to the author or someone connected to them or a copy of a book that once belonged to someone particularly associated with its contents, often annotated.

I've got association copies of some information theory texts...

The Margins of Marginalia by Tom Peters, ALA TechSource on 2011-05-02

Peters talks about his own reading practices and his annotation habits throughout his life. There's some discussion of the oncoming annotation functionality in the digital space in 2011.

readum.com no longer resolves in 2023. It was apparently a annotation tool in 2011...

this last bit is poetry of a fascinating sort...

Marginalia is a form of literary expression.

https://amanote.com/

https://hypothes.is/users/msallegra

How did Michael Oakeshott's philosophy overlap with the idea of the 'Great Conversation' or 20th century movement of Adler's Great Books of the Western World.

How does it influence the idea of "having conversations with the text" in the annotation space?

Ken Ribet’s love note from Serge Lang<br /> by Ken Ribet

A fascinating combination of office furniture types in 1906!

The Adjustable Table Company of Grand Rapids, Michigan manufactured a combination table for both telephones and index cards. It was designed as an accessory to be stood next to one's desk to accommodate a telephone at the beginning of the telephone era and also served as storage for one's card index.

Given the broad business-based use of the card index at the time and the newness of the telephone, this piece of furniture likely was not designed as an early proto-rolodex, though it certainly could have been (and very well may have likely been) used as such in practice.

I totally want one of these as a side table for my couch/reading chair for both storing index cards and as a temporary writing surface while reading!

This could also be an early precursor to Twitter!

Folks have certainly mentioned other incarnations: - annotations in books (person to self), - postcards (person to person), - the telegraph (person to person and possibly to others by personal communication or newspaper distribution)

but this is the first version of short note user interface for both creation, storage, and distribution by means of electrical transmission (via telephone) with a bigger network (still person to person, but with potential for easy/cheap distribution to more than a single person)

fncll indicates that:

Both of Jackson's books on marginalia are practically required reading: Marginalia: Readers Writing in Books and Romantic Readers: The Evidence of Marginalia

Nearly a hundred years before Galileo and two hundred years before Newton, in a series of diagrams and notes in the Codex Arundel, Da Viinci was able to calculate the gravitational constant to an accuracy within 10 percent of the accepted value.

https://www.zotero.org/support/note_templates

Used this and the templates for setting up templates in Zotero to import notes from .pdf files into Zotero to migrate into Obsidian.

reply https://forum.zettelkasten.de/discussion/comment/16622/#Comment_16622

Adler has an excellent primer on this subject that covers a lot of the basics in reasonable depth: - Adler, Mortimer J. “How to Mark a Book.” Saturday Review of Literature, July 6, 1940. (https://stevenson.ucsc.edu/academics/stevenson-college-core-courses/how-to-mark-a-book-1.pdf)

Marking books can be useful not only to the original reader, but future academics and historians studying material culture (eg: https://apps.lib.umich.edu/online-exhibits/exhibits/show/marks-in-books), and as @GeoEng51 indicates they might be shared by friends, family, romantic interests, or even perhaps all of the above (see: https://newcriterion.com/issues/2017/4/mrs-custers-tennyson).

For those interested in annotation marks and symbols (like @ctietze's "bolt" ↯) I outlined a few ideas this last month at: https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/10qw4l5/comment/j6vxn6a/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

Mrs. Custer’s Tennyson April 2017<br /> by William Logan

https://www.srf.ch/kultur/gesellschaft-religion/brisanter-fund-geheime-gaestekartei-ueberlebt-hotelbrand-und-birgt-zuendstoff

cc: @remikalir: Interesting example here of a historical collection of business files annotated by hotel staff used in a digital humanities perspective for semantic shift and tracking antisemitism over time.

Published book:<br /> Hechenblaikner, Lois, Andrea Kühbacher, and Rolf Zollinger. Keine Ostergrüsse mehr!: Die geheime Gästekartei des Grand Hotel Waldhaus in Vulpera. 3rd ed. Zürich: Edition Patrick Frey, 2021.

srf.ch/kultur/gesellschaft-religion/brisanter-fund-geheime-gaestekartei-ueberlebt-hotelbrand-und-birgt-zuendstoff

Google translate:

four wooden boxes with highly explosive contents were spared. They were stored in a different building at the time of the inferno. They contained 20,000 guest cards that concierges and receptionists had kept secretly between 1920 and 1960.

The Grandhotel Waldhaus burned down in 1989, but saved from the inferno were 20,000 guest cards with annotations about them that were compiled between 1920 and 1960.