- May 2020
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www.performance.gov www.performance.gov
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intellectual property system
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- Mar 2020
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www.gnu.org www.gnu.orggnu.org1
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That page spreads confusion by using the misleading term “intellectual property rights”, which falsely presumes that trademark law and patent law and several other laws belong in one single conceptual framework. Use of that term is harmful, without exception, so after making a reference to someone else's use of the term, we should always reject it.
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- Feb 2020
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Häromveckan ville SD kalla public service-bolagen SVT, SR och UR till riksdagen för att ifrågasätta deras journalistik, orsaken var två program där SD inte gillade innehållet. Denna vecka framförde partiets representant i public service ägarstiftelse att journalister ska kunna straffas om de publicerar något SD anser är fel.
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- Nov 2019
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buttondown.email buttondown.email
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There used to be an imperfect but useful pathway for research to move from the academy to the corporate world through tech transfer.
Used to be? It feels to me like it didn't really exist as a codified pathway until the early 2000's at best. Universities only seem to be mastering the entire flow in the past several years. Prior to that most professors took the intellectual property and did almost what they wanted with it and didn't provide any ancillary financial streams to the university out of which the work grew.
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- Aug 2019
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niklasblog.com niklasblog.com
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climate waffler Bret Stephens
This is but one example of many where Bret Stephens has been corrected.
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- Mar 2019
- Feb 2019
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dougengelbart.org dougengelbart.org
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What possesses the amplified intelligence is the resulting H-LAM/T system, in which the LAM/T augmentation means represent the amplifier of the human's intelligence.
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- Jan 2019
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dougengelbart.org dougengelbart.org
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This kind of system approach to human intellectual effectiveness does not find a ready-made conceptual framework such as exists for established disciplines. Before a research program can be designed to pursue such an approach intelligently, so that practical benefits might be derived within a reasonable time while also producing results of longrange significance, a conceptual framework must be searched out—a framework that provides orientation as to the important factors of the system, the relationships among these factors, the types of change among the system factors that offer likely improvements in performance, and the sort of research goals and methodology that seem promising.
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- Dec 2018
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afro-ip.blogspot.com afro-ip.blogspot.com
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This article in a blog on African Intellectual Property concerns summarizes one aspect of a report to the Human Rights Council in Geneva in 2015.
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openknowledge.worldbank.org openknowledge.worldbank.org
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This resource, while written from the perspective of economists, explores how intellectual property laws (and historically uneven enforcement of the laws) have increased the divide between developing countries and wealthy, industrialized developed countries.
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- Oct 2018
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www.hastac.org www.hastac.org
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how do we help students navigate privacy issues in learning spaces augmented with social/digital media. There was a specific request for examples to walk students through this. Here is what I do.
I'm a little unnerved by the semi-legal nature of the "Interactive Project Release Form" but I think it's a great model (whether really legally enforceable or just a class constitution-type document).
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- Mar 2018
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quillette.com quillette.com
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Rather, people of conscience must recommit themselves to examining and exposing the material operations of power — the control of information, the use of violence, the allocation of wealth — that tangibly shape our social lives. This renewed social critique, furthermore, must not be driven solely by the college-educated class with its own agendas and predilections, but must include all people who work and struggle in our unequal world.
Gramsci: the organic intellectual
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- Sep 2016
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www.sfgate.com www.sfgate.com
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and so many more
Oh yes, many more! (Was actually looking for a list.)
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studentprivacy.ed.gov studentprivacy.ed.gov
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d Provider has a limited, nonexclusive license solely for the purpose of performing its obligations as outlined in the Agreeme
Here we are good and much better than, say, Genius:
When you post User Content to the Service or otherwise submit it to us, you hereby grant, and you represent and warrant that you have the right to grant, to Genius an irrevocable, perpetual, non-exclusive, transferable, fully paid, worldwide license (with the right to sublicense through multiple tiers) to use, reproduce, publicly perform, publicly display, modify, translate, excerpt (in whole or in part), create derivative works of, distribute and otherwise fully exploit all Intellectual Property Rights in and to such User Content for purposes of providing, operating and promoting the Service or otherwise conducting the business of Genius.
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all intellectual property rights, shall remain the exclusive property of the [School/District],
This is definitely not the case. Even in private groups would it ever make sense to say this?
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hybridpedagogy.org hybridpedagogy.org
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ownership in educational systems
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- Jul 2016
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hackeducation.com hackeducation.com
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I could have easily chosen a different prepositional phrase. "Convivial Tools in an Age of Big Data.” Or “Convivial Tools in an Age of DRM.” Or “Convivial Tools in an Age of Venture-Funded Education Technology Startups.” Or “Convivial Tools in an Age of Doxxing and Trolls."
The Others.
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cogdogblog.com cogdogblog.com
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Or do we really even own ideas?), and why we would even fuss about ownership might suggest an attachment of monetary value to the shared thing. Or is it really about wanting to get credit? Can we get credit without staking ownership?
I think credit has a lot to do with it. Also, feeling like you "own" your idea is largely cultural. We live in society where just ideas alone are sellable (corporate world especially). We have been taught since college that you do not amount to anything without ideas even though your ideas are built upon ideas of others, we do not teach that kind of connectivity, we do not teach "collective knowledge." What we do teach is publishing a paper and copyrighting it. One of the most prominent questions I have from faculty I work with in regards to creating a public professional ePortfolio is "What if someone copies, steals my idea or paper?" and "How do I make it so that only particular people can see it?" I am sure stealing does happen because there is a lot of pressure in academia to "generate" ideas. And I am also thinking that publishing your copyrighted idea in a peer-reviewed or any other academic publishing instance gives your work "validity." But if the mind set we build in our students is ownership-oriented how can we expect anything else?
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- Jul 2015
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www.slate.com www.slate.com
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Third, there are valid concerns about some aspects of GE agriculture, such as herbicides, monocultures, and patents. But none of these concerns is fundamentally about genetic engineering.
Totally. Whenever I end up in conversations about GMOs I steer the conversation toward monoculture and intellectual property. These are issues I have concerns about and I think the labeling wars are hurting our chances for useful dialog here. I don't want labeling. I want biodiversity.
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dismagazine.com dismagazine.com
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Both of these works, she says, specifically sought a lawsuit from the estate of Margaret Mitchell.
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www.ncte.org www.ncte.org
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intellectual property?
I'm curious why this term/concept need to be invoked to value informal student writing?
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- Jun 2014
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www.teslamotors.com www.teslamotors.com
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If we clear a path to the creation of compelling electric vehicles, but then lay intellectual property landmines behind us to inhibit others, we are acting in a manner contrary to that goal.
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- Feb 2014
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s3.amazonaws.com s3.amazonaws.com
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The innate qualities of intellectual pr operty, however, in combination with INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: POLICY FOR INNOVATION 15 strong economic motivations have led U.S. intellectual property policy to operate according to rights - based, non - utilitarian theory, possibly as a result of lobbying (capture theory).
Lobbying has led to a rights-based non-utilitarian theory copyright policy in the US at the present time (2014).
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The U.S. social contract establishes a utilitarian basis for protection of intellectual property rights: protection as a means of encouraging innovation.
The social contract of the US Constitution provides a utilitarian basis for protection of intellectual property rights.
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As intellectual property lacks scarcity, and the protection of it fails the Lockean Proviso, there is no natural right to intellectual property. As such, the justification for intellectual property rights arises from the social con tract, and in the case of the United States, the Constitution.
The justification for intellectual property from the social contract established by the US Constitution; it otherwise has no justification by natural right because it fails the Lockean Proviso.
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By contrast, any positive or negative effects that intellectual property rights have on the wider populace are diffused, and any individual member of the wider populace has little motive (and potentially insufficient means) to overco me the significant barriers to active political lobbying. As a result, the intrinsic trend is for intellectual INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: POLICY FOR INNOVATION 11 property holders to actively lobby, largely unopposed, for greater rights protections. (Fisher, 1999, Sect. II. C.)
Both positive and negative effects stemming from intellectual property rights to the wider populace are diffused, thus the wider populace has little motive to oppose changes to laws and policies that support intellectual property.
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On one hand, there are infinite ideas, and so the taking of one idea as private property clearly leaves “enough,” and debatably “as good” for others (Locke, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: POLICY FOR INNOVATION 8 1690, Chap. V, Sect. 27).
This statement seems to me a stretch-- a very far stretch.
What does it mean to have "infinite ideas"? And how do you arrive at the judgments "enough" and "as good" here?
Ideas don't exist in isolation; they are not individual fruits to be plucked from the world of thought. Ideas are built upon other ideas. They are embedded within each other, juxtaposed one next to the other, stacked, remixed; varied one from the other, sometimes as a derivation, sometimes an inspiration.
And in the face of this, what is the notion of "creation"? Given a certain base of knowledge, there are some natural next steps that can be built from those basic building blocks.
Here we have to disentangle the notion of discovery from creation. I think maybe that, in part, is the notion of patents vs copyright, but in the land of software we seem to have a tangled mess.
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Here, there is disagreement about whether intellectual property violates the Lockean Proviso.
Does the notion of intellectual property violate the Lockean Proviso?
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The Privatization of the Natural State Proponents also invoke Locke’s discussion of the making of private property from the natural state by the joining of one’s efforts to the natural state (Menell, 1999, p. 129). The argument goes that authors (ar tists, inventors, etc.) join their efforts to the natural state of undefined ideas, and through their efforts arrive at an intellectual work; and by that effort, they may make a legitimate claim on that intellectual work as their property (Menell, 1999, p. 129; Locke, 1690, Chap. V, Sect. 26).
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This is understatement to be sure, but the debate has been principally between two theories: a utilitarian policy theory, and a rights - based , non - utilitarian property theory (Long, 1995, n.pag.) .
The debate in intellectual property law has centered around utilitarian policy theory and a rights-based non-utilitarian property theory.
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U.S. intellectual property law originates (as law) from the Constitution: Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the Constitution makes copyright and patent law possible (“To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: POLICY FOR INNOVATION 4 respective Writings and Discoveries”) ,
Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 makes copyright and patent law possible.
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This paper establishes cause to suspect that current intellectual property policy overstep s utilitarian justification, and suggests that a clearer distinction should be drawn between the proper role of U.S. law in intellectual property (that which promotes innovation) and moral questions of creator’s rights.
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The U . S . Co nstitution firmly grounds the proper role of intellectual property policy as utilitarian .
Identify where/how this ground is established.
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Keywords : anticommons, copyright, intellectual property, Lockean Proviso, patent, property rights, state of nature, trademark, utilitarian theory
Tags
- rights-based non-utilitarian theory
- intellectual property
- Constitution
- trademark
- judgments
- natural right
- diffusion
- cause to suspect
- barries
- scarcity
- discovery
- Fairness Theory
- anticommons
- patent
- theory
- justification
- capture theory
- infinite ideas
- incentive mechanisms
- origin
- fail
- privatization
- utilitarian theory
- US intellectual property law
- grounding
- economic motivations
- utilitarian justification
- policy
- US Constitution
- opposition
- global context
- natural state
- copyright
- utilitarian basis
- social contract
- patents
- debate
- state of nature
- copyx
- challenge
- question
- summary
- creativity
- property rights
- Lockean Proviso
- lobbying
- motivation
- non-utilitarian theory
- musings
- conclusion
- private property
Annotators
URL
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www.justinhughes.net www.justinhughes.net
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A LOCKEAN JUSTIFICATION
Locke's Two Treatises of Government
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A universal definition of intellectual property might begin by identifying it as nonphysical property which stems from, is identified as, and whose value is based upon some idea or ideas. Furthermore, there must be some additional element of novelty. Indeed, the object, or res, of intellectual property may be so new that it is unknown to anyone else. The novelty, however, does not have to be absolute. What is important is that at the time of propertization the idea is thought to be generally unknown. The re
Intellectual property cannot be common currency in the intellectual life of the society at the time of propertization.
What constitutes society at this point; do small groups and communities suffice or does it have to be popularly known beyond a small few?
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At the most practical level, intellectual property is the property created or recognized by the existing legal regimes of copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secret. n17 We also must include property recognized by similar legal regimes. For example, federal law now protect original semiconductor masks. n18 "Gathered information" is another genre of intellectual property. Copyright law protects the particular arrangement of the contents of telephone directories and reference works, n19 while other forms of gathered information may have quasi-property status under International News Service v. Associated Press. n20
Intellectual property is the property created or recognized by the existing legal regimes:
- copyright
- patent
- trademark
- trade secret
And other legal regimes including:
- semiconductor masks
- gathered information
- particular arrangements of directories and reference works
- quasi-property status
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Like most subjects, intellectual property has grey zones on the periphery, such as the right to publicity -- whether, in property style, someone can control his public image.
Right to publicity
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inasmuch as coming to own intellectual property is often tied to being well-educated. If people become increasingly progressive with increasing education, intellectual property confers economic power on men and women of talent who generally tend to reform society, not because they are haphazard Burkian goblins, but because they have well-informed convictions.
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ctual property may be a liberal influence on society
Intellectual property may be a liberal influence on society.
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The breakthrough patent that produces a Polaroid company is more the exception than the rule. The rule is the modestly successful novelist, the minor [*292] poet, and the university researcher -- all of whom may profit by licensing or selling their creations.
Breakthrough patent of Polaroid (the exception) vs modestly successful novelist (the more common case)
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ecause such accumulation is less typical, the realm of intellectual property has less of the laborer/capitalist hierarchy of Marxist theory.
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In the final analysis, intellectual property shares much of the origins and orientation of all forms of property. At the same time, however, it is a more neutral institution than other forms of property: its limited scope and duration tend to prevent the very accumulation of wealth that Burke championed.
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One cannot call the history of intellectual property a purely proletarian struggle. While ancient Roman laws afforded a form of copyright protection to authors, n14 the rise of Anglo-Saxon copyright was a saga of publishing interests attempting to protect a concentrated market and a central government attempting to apply a subtle form of censorship to the new technology of the printing press.
One cannot call the history of intellectual property a purely proletarian struggle.
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But this is only part of the truth. Much intellectual property is produced only after considerable financial investment, whether it be in the research laboratory or in the graduate education of the scientist using the facility.
Intellectual property is more egalitarian than property in that anyone may obtain it for limited duration, however that is only part of the truth, and in practice it is more likely that most intellectual property is produced only after considerable financial investment.
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Intellectual property is far more egalitarian. Of limited duration and obtainable by anyone, intellectual property can be seen as a reward, an empowering instrument, for the talented upstarts Burke sought to restrain. Intellectual property is often the propertization of what we call "talent." It tends to shift the balance toward the talented newcomers whom Burke mistrusted
intellectual property is often the propertization of what we call talent.
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In many quarters, property is viewed as an inherently conservative concept --
a social device for maintenance of the status quo
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WHAT COUNTS AS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY?
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The Philosophy of Intellectual Property
Tags
- universal definition
- accumulation of wealth
- example
- intellectual property
- tags
- Marxist theory
- conservative
- time of propertization
- ideas
- Locke
- censorship
- right to publicity
- status quo
- novelty
- reward
- propertization
- orientation
- struggle
- truthiness
- proletarian struggle
- week 2
- limited scope
- origins
- empowering instrument
- philosophy
- contrast
- limited duration
- global context
- liberal influence
- Burke
- society
- property
- nonphysical property
- final analysis
- grey zones
- egalitarian
- history
- copyx
- laborercapitalist hierarchy
- neutral institution
- rule
- question
- concept
- fairness and personality theories
- summary
- quasi-property
- legal regimes
- investment
- exception
- talent
- effort
Annotators
URL
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cyber.law.harvard.edu cyber.law.harvard.edu
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I n B u r r o w - G i l e s , t h e C o u r t d i s t i l l e d t h e s a m e r e q u i r e m e n t f r o m t h e C o n s t i t u t i o n ' s u s e o f t h e w o r d " a u t h o r s . " T h e C o u r t d e f i n e d " a u t h o r , " i n a c o n s t i t u t i o n a l s e n s e , t o m e a n " h e t o w h o m a n y t h i n g o w e s i t s o r i g i n ; o r i g i n a t o r ; m a k e r . " 1 1 1 U . S . , a t 5 8 ( i n t e r n a l q u o t a t i o n m a r k s o m i t t e d ) . A s i n T h e T r a d e - M a r k C a s e s , t h e C o u r t e m p h a s i z e d t h e c r e a t i v e c o m p o n e n t o f o r i g i n a l i t y . I t d e s c r i b e d c o p y r i g h t a s b e i n g l i m i t e d t o " o r i g i n a l i n t e l l e c t u a l c o n c e p t i o n s o f t h e a u t h o r , " 1 1 1 U . S . , a t 5 8 , a n d s t r e s s e d t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f r e q u i r i n g a n a u t h o r w h o a c c u s e s a n o t h e r o f i n f r i n g e m e n t t o p r o v e " t h e e x i s t e n c e o f t h o s e f a c t s o f o r i g i n a l i t y , o f i n t e l l e c t u a l p r o d u c t i o n , o f t h o u g h t , a n d c o n c e p t i o n . " I d . , a t 5 9 - 6 0 .
In Burrow-Giles the court defined authors, in a constitutional sense, to mean "he to whom anything owes its origin, originator, maker" and emphasized the creative component of originality.
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