- Dec 2019
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In the cold, cold parlor my mother laid out Arthur beneath the chromographs: Edward, Prince of Wales, with Princess Alexandra, and King George with Queen Mary. Below them on the table stood a stuffed loon shot and stuffed by Uncle Arthur, Arthur's father.
Paraphrase
Arthur has recently passed away. In the opening scene, we see him being laid out by the speaker's mother in the parlor under what are essentially pictures or photographic prints of British royalty. And then under those pictures is a stuffed loon (aquatic bird). Bishop then follows this with the detail of the loon being shot and stuffed with the dead boy's dad of the same name - Arthur.
I find it interesting that the speaker would notice that he is placed under static objects which don't even embody life. The prints of royalty and the loon - including Arthur, all of them seem so still and dead. Like mere shells left behind of what they once were.
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outline.com outline.com
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keys
Becomes an extended metaphor for the loss of other things the poet loves such as past homes and relationships
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Write it!
The poet’s internal command ("Write it!") alerts us to a couple of things: first of all, this is a very self-aware nod to the fact that the poet is writing a poem; secondly, it shows us that she has difficulty admitting the pain of her loss, even to herself.
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www.dougengelbart.org www.dougengelbart.org
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A natural language provides its user with a ready-made structure of concepts that establishes a basic mental structure, and that allows relatively flexible, general-purpose concept structuring. Our concept of language as one of the basic means for augmenting the human intellect embraces all of the concept structuring which the human may make use of.
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- Nov 2019
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reasonml.github.io reasonml.github.io
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Reason is not a new language; it's a new syntax and toolchain powered by the battle-tested language, OCaml.
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Reason compiles to JavaScript thanks to our partner project, BuckleScript, which compiles OCaml/Reason into readable JavaScript with smooth interop. Reason also compiles to fast, barebone assembly, thanks to OCaml itself.
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Many backing languages would satisfy the previous section's points; the points below, however, have been deal-breakers in our considerations.
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The ability to render to native code. OCaml's native (assembly) startup time is in single digit milliseconds. We have big plans to use Reason on native one day; meanwhile, we're focusing on adoption through great JavaScript compatibility.
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reasonml.github.io reasonml.github.io
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We've worked very hard to make Reason look like JS while preserving OCaml's great semantics & types.
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github.com github.com
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Referer: https://reasonml.github.io/ (The actually link to: https://github.com/reasonml-community/reason-react-example/tree/master/src/todomvc)
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reasonml.github.io reasonml.github.io
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github.com github.com
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Onivim 2 is built in reason using the revery framework
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100% VimL compatibility - we may not support all features of VimL plugins / configuration.
understandable... vim script is a mess, ugly, and non-standard
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github.com github.com
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answers.yahoo.com answers.yahoo.com
- Oct 2019
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s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.comp.pdf1
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10nothavebeen,butfortheconfidentempectationthatweshouldhavebeensustainedbymorelabourers.Weought,atleastsomeofus,tohavebeensofreefromotherengagements,thatwecouldhavemadeitourfirst,andalmostexclusiveobjecttoacquiretheOjibwalan—guageasperfectlyaspossible.Butinsteadoffindingtimeforthisweallfoundourselvesinvolvedincaresandlaboursofvariouskinds,whichforbadourgivingourundividedattentiontothisobject.Henceourmeansofintercoursewiththepeeplehasbeenlimited.Wehaveneverbeenabletoprocureefficientinterpreters.Wehavebeenwork—ingh
Hall feels like the missionaries jumped into everything too soon, or bit off more than they could ever chew
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plato.stanford.edu plato.stanford.edu
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“I”, “me”, and “my”
English terms for self
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www.awmemorypalace.com www.awmemorypalace.com
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turn the stomach of a goat
Turn the stomach of a goat is a interesting expression. Based on what a friend's explanation, this is a metaphor meaning "throwing up". Gould is trying to say listening to the radio makes him feel very uncomfortable.
Note: He is a native English speaker.
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gets on your nerves
To "get on someone's nerves" is an informal way to say "irritate or annoy someone".
Gould's stubbornness on reading his own poems annoys people from the peotry group.
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HOT-SHOT
Hotshot is a slang word that describes a person who is impressively successful. Understand this by imagining that you are shooting with the gun.
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loony bin
This is an offensive word for a hospital for mentally ill people.
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forlorn rakishness
Forlorn means pitifully sad. Rakishness means disreputable appearance.
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pertinacity
Pertinaciry literally means sticking with one thing without giving up. It requires courage, conviction and determination. It has a positive connotation.
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rum-dumb
rum-dumb usually means the one who is addicted to alcohol and being out of control of one's life.
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cackles
"cackle" is often used to express the sound of a bird crying, for example, "he was cackling." In this sense, his cackling shows how he much he is excited.
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spree
Being on a spree means having a time of amusing activities much more than is usual, for example, a person can go on a shopping spree, spending spree.
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babble
Babble can be traced from Old English "wæflian" which means "to talk foolishly". Now the main meaning is "to speak quickly, in a confused, excited, or foolish way".
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prowls around
like wandering around
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take a load off his mind
A load off mind means a relief felt after sharing one's thoughts annd feelings. A big relief from a mental burden.
Source from https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/a+load+off+mind.
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floozy
Floozy is an informal word, meaning a woman who has many casual sexual encounters or wears obviously sexual clothes.
Source from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/floozy.
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basking in the sun
Basking in the sun simply means to lie in or be exposed to a pleasant warmth. In Chinese, it would be translated into a cute phrase as "晒太阳".
Since Gould has been working in the police office for a year, this scene reveals his boredom of this job.
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noggins
Noggins is a U.S. slang. It refers to a kind of a container that can refresh people's heads. The modern meaning is somebody's head. Source from http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-nog1.htm.
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prosaic
Prosaic here means ordinary and not especially interesting or unusual according to Cambridge Dictionary.
So those people in highly inbred communities are uninteresting to Gould as he himself was not a "normal" person most his acquaintance thought.
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He did not understand when a CBP officer accused him of not being the girl’s biological father and forging her birth certificate — then took away his little girl.
Many of the families that being separated are assumed to be smuggling the children and so justified to separate them. In this parent situation there was a language barrier and he had no idea what was even said to him.
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
- Sep 2019
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www.aftonbladet.se www.aftonbladet.se
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Det är ju så dumt, det är naturligtvis uttalet som han hakar upp sig på. Om man lyssnar på hennes svenska, hennes grammatik, hennes ordförråd, så är det så gott som perfekt, säger Abelin.
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Men kungen är min favorit. Av det man har sett och hört så verkar han vara en riktigt go gubbe
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alumni.media.mit.edu alumni.media.mit.edu
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This phrase book is aimed to help newcomers to the U.S understand what some popular local idioms really mean.
A nice little phrase guide to US English.
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ilearn.mq.edu.au ilearn.mq.edu.au
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That case study is the evolution of my own thinking about sex/gender terms like(p.196)“woman” and “man.”
This is an exploration of her thinking, not necessarily that she is defending this idea
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medium.com medium.com
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darklang.com
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darklang.com darklang.comDark1
- Aug 2019
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elizabethreddy.files.wordpress.com elizabethreddy.files.wordpress.com
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Language plays a crucial role in how and what we code. Most fundamentally, the empirical world does not appear to us in some natural state apart from human experience. Rather we know the empirical world through language and the actions we take toward it.
importance of recognising language when analysing texts
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we look for their implicit meanings and attend to how they construct and act upon these meanings. In doing so, we can ask, what analytic category(ies) does this code suggest?
an example is how Molyneux describes the characters of his narrative, most interestingly in his framing of Muslims. he never alludes that these are an ethnographically and religiously diverse group with a rich history, which is either something he genuinely, or something he does not think the audience needs to do, perhaps somewhere between the two. the quotes he uses and descriptions he gives them provides us with some insight, but for the coding process, it's safer to use the term he does before drawing conclusions
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Those general terms everyone 'knows' that flag condensed but significant meanings o A participant's innovative term that captures meanings or experience • Insider shorthand terms specific to a particular group that reflect their perspective.
the tips on when to include in vivo codes are also important when creating a lexicon for an emerging subculture
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Coding impels us to make our participants' language problematic to render an analysis of it. Coding should inspire us to examine hidden assumptions in our own use of language as well as that of our participants.
the phrasing we use in codes brings to light the type of themes we may be subconsciously looking for. in this case, i found i was repeatedly trying to describe what the creators were saying without really saying it, evidenced through their tone and word choice, where they chose to make overt statements, and when meanings were implied.
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Local file Local file
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ostundividedattentiontothelanguage
the learning of the Ojibwe language should be paramount to at least one of the present missionaries
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developer.mozilla.org developer.mozilla.org
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The parentheses ( ... ) around the assignment statement are required when using object literal destructuring assignment without a declaration. {a, b} = {a: 1, b: 2} is not valid stand-alone syntax, as the {a, b} on the left-hand side is considered a block and not an object literal.
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Your ( ... ) expression needs to be preceded by a semicolon or it may be used to execute a function on the previous line.
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Local file Local file
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cigni,ieelittl01
Malian = Little Wolf
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journals-sagepub-com.ucc.idm.oclc.org journals-sagepub-com.ucc.idm.oclc.org
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the quasi-anonymous comment space of YouTube enabling viewers to respond to video content has become notorious for online trolling, flaming and abuse, often expressed via forms of racist, homophobic and misogynistic language
the nature of the commenting system enables the hate speech which is becoming characteristic of the site.
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oro.open.ac.uk oro.open.ac.uk
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various classification methods to categorise misogyny
race to develop ai categorisation tools, which may not always work
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political as it is personal and cultural
language is natural but guided
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summary of a wide range of theories and models of onlinemisogyny from the feminist literature, as well as an analy-sis of the works that have targeted the problem of onlinemisogyny from a computational perspective.•The translation of different categories of misogyny, identifiedin feminist theory, into lexicons of hate terms to study theevolution of language within the manosphere.•An in-depth analysis of different manifestations and evolu-tion of misogyny across the Reddit manosphere.•We corroborated existing feminist theories and models aroundthe phenomenon of the manosphere by conducting a large-scale observational analysis.
need to build a lexicon and refine knowledge of behaviour
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- Jul 2019
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ucc-ie.blackboard.com ucc-ie.blackboard.com
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This movement, with its focus on classroom-basedevidence, provided key tools and language for the Visible Knowledge Project. I
unique languages form from guided movements - an effort must be made to put it together
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web.a.ebscohost.com web.a.ebscohost.com
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Hanauer (2012) contends that “language learning within these settings is defined overwhelmingly in linguistic, structural, and cognitive terms. Thus the language learner at the center of this system becomes nothing more than an intellectual entity involved in an assessable cognitive process” (p. 105). In this assessable cognitive instruction, students are not afforded the opportunity to use English as a social semiotic tool for expressing their own personal feelings (emotions), opinions, and stories as lived experience as well as for enacting social practices.
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- May 2019
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www.gowitek.com www.gowitek.com
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Go Programming Language publicly in 2009 they were also looking to solve certain challenges of the existing Computer languages. Of the many features that it demonstrated (we will get to those soon enough) it was also helpful in addressing the strange dilemma of hardware and software that was emerging.
Golang is a modern computing language, designed especially for modern computing needs.
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koreatesol.org koreatesol.org
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The 40 Years’ War
The 40 Years’ War
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files.eric.ed.gov files.eric.ed.gov
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Why Speak If You Don't Need to? The-Case for a Listening Approach to Beginning Foreign Language Learning.
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www.sdkrashen.com www.sdkrashen.com
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Down with Forced Speech
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www.sk.com.br www.sk.com.br
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LANGUAGE ACQUISITION - LANGUAGE LEARNING
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www.sk.com.br www.sk.com.br
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Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Study mentioned around 9:30 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0158409
Shadowing: Who benefits and how? Uncovering a booming EFL teaching technique for listening comprehension https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1362168815597504
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www.sdkrashen.com www.sdkrashen.com
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Do Students Like What is Good for Them? An Investigation of the Pleasure Hypothesis with Middle School Students of Mandarin
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www.sdkrashen.com www.sdkrashen.com
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Self-Selected Reading and TOEIC Performance. Evidence from Case Histories
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www.sdkrashen.com www.sdkrashen.com
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Case Histories and the Comprehension Hypothesis
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www.sdkrashen.com www.sdkrashen.com
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HOW MUCH COMPREHENSIBLE INPUT DID HEINRICH SCHLIEMANN GET?
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jehdnet.com jehdnet.com
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A Critical Review of Krashen’s Input Hypothesis: Three Major Arguments
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pdfs.semanticscholar.org pdfs.semanticscholar.org
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Monitoring the 'Monitor': A Critique of Krashen's Five Hypotheses
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www.sdkrashen.com www.sdkrashen.com
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Sheltered subject matter teaching
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sdkrashen.com sdkrashen.com
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The pleasure hypothesis
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www.aclweb.org www.aclweb.org
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Text Readability Assessment for Second Language Learners
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core.ac.uk core.ac.uk
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AN EFL READABILITY INDEX
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jalt-publications.org jalt-publications.org
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Readability Formulas For EFL
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SMOG Grading —– a New Readability
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www.researchgate.net www.researchgate.net
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THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE WRITING SKILLS THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF MOVIES SUPPORTED BY EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES
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journals.plos.org journals.plos.org
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Watching Subtitled Films Can Help Learning Foreign Languages
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www.callisterbrewing.com www.callisterbrewing.com
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homebrewing
Very grass roots/home brew friendly organization; appeals to sense of independence and optimism; "home grown"
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Notwithstanding
formal
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patently false
Formal language
- positions the audience to trust his authority
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Contrary to the stereotype, this too is false
Formal language
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lithub.com lithub.com
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If we’re speaking of garden-variety errors, the most common error I’ve observed that manages to get past any number of sets of expert eyes and wind up printed in books is the use of “lead” where “led” is meant—that is, the past tense of the verb “to lead.”
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They mistake the apostrophe for a piece of punctuation when it is a spelling issue.
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I still firmly believe that copy editors need only enough grammar to get them through the demands of their particular manuscripts; being a grammarian is entirely beside the point. Or to put it another way, grammar is part of what you do as a copy editor, but only a part. That said, it’s fun to know about the subjunctive, so I’ll concede that particular pleasure.
Copyediting vs grammar knowledge. Or, and grammar knowledge.
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- Apr 2019
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themillions.com themillions.com
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“But beyond the pleasure of Dreyer’s prose and authorial tone, I think there is something else at play with the popularity of his book,” he explained. “To put it as simply as possible, the man cares, and we need people who care right now.”
I believe that the main reason why Benjamin Dreyer's Dreyer's English: an Utterly Correct Guide to Clarity and Style is so well-read, is that he's funny.
The humor is dry as a paper board, for example:
The NSA may be reading your emails and texts, but I’m not. If you prefer “Hi John” to “Hi, John,” you go right ahead.
and:
For the sake of clarity, we use hyphens to helpfully link up a pair or passel of words preceding and modifying a noun, as in: first-rate movie fifth-floor apartment middle-class morality nasty-looking restaurant all-you-can-eat buffet However, convention (a.k.a. tradition, a.k.a. consensus, a.k.a. it’s simply how it’s done, so don’t argue with it) allows for exceptions in some cases in which a misreading is unlikely, as in, say: real estate agent high school students And though you may, now that you’re staring at these constructions, wonder worryingly about the reality of that estate agent or the sobriety of those school students, I’d urge you to stop staring and move on. (Staring at words is always a bad idea. Stare at the word “the” for more than ten seconds and reality begins to recede.)
Another thing, Dreyer is both funny and witty. Here's a bonus example of this:
As a lexicographer friend once confided over sushi, the dictionary takes its cues from use: If writers don’t change things, the dictionary doesn’t change things. If you want your best-seller to be a bestseller, you have to help make that happen. If you want to play videogames rather than video games, go for it. I hope that makes you feel powerful. It should.
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www.textfiles.com www.textfiles.com
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LOL - Laughing Out Loud
This is, according to linguist Ben Zimmer, the first known citation for LOL. Quoted from Gretchen McCulloch's "Because Internet" here.
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- Mar 2019
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www.plainlanguage.gov www.plainlanguage.gov
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what is plain language This government site describes the rationale for plain language and more importantly provides some tools for using it. Plain language can be useful when writing text for e-learning products, among other things; this is a useful site to review. There is a list of resources as well. rating 4/5
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inst-fs-pdx-prod.inscloudgate.net inst-fs-pdx-prod.inscloudgate.net
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BESIDESthe neutral expression that she wore when she was alone, Mrs. Freeman had two others, forward and reverse, that she used for all her human dealings. Her forward expression was steady and driving like the advance of a heavy truck. Her eyes never swerved to left or right but turned as the story turned as if they followed a yellow line down the center of it. She seldom used the other expression because it was not often necessary for her to retract a statement, but when she did, her face came to a complete stop, there was an almost imperceptible movement of her black eyes, during which they seemed to be receding, and then the observer would see that Mrs. Freeman, though she might stand there as real as several grain sacks thrown on top of each other, was no longer there in spirit.
Right from the beginning of the story, the audience is made well aware of what kind of person Mrs. Freeman is. This passage focuses on her face being a reflection of her being a somewhat strong willed person when it comes to her words. It's made clear to the audience that Mrs. Freeman has strong opinions in a story along with not being hesitant in sharing those opinions as well as the facts, and that she rarely backpedals when telling a story.
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- Feb 2019
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dougengelbart.org dougengelbart.org
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The English language since Shakespeare has undergone no alteration comparable to the alteration in the cultural environment; if it had, Shakespeare would no longer be accessible to us.
Is this true? Gardner, as a literary scholar, do you agree?
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language
The means we use to encode affect language. Why doesn't it affect the message or the concept as well?
Do people feel they need to use an emoji as part of their message or is its use triggered by the medium?
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concepts in their raw, unverbalized form
There is a way to use symbols to evoke an original message in a natural language. Unlike shorthand, which are symbols that have a direct reference to words or syllables, Rozan's notetaking method for interpreters focuses on concepts. Originally published in French in 1956, it was probably not well known at the time Engelbart wrote this report. Interpreters do not work finding word equivalence, but concepts recreated in another language. An example here: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreting_notes
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language also affects the evolution of the new concepts
Language as an evolution enabler.
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the evolution of language was affected by the concepts the people developed and used
Language evolution
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symbolic portrayal
Language as a symbol. Relationship to memory.
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Already the system language shows the effect of this process—i.e., a concept and its name.
Language "technology" at work: reference function and synthesis to make the concept maneagable like a tool.
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Language—the way in which the individual parcels out the picture of his world into the concepts that his mind uses to model that world, and the symbols that he attaches to those concepts and uses in consciously manipulating the concepts ("thinking").
Language is here introduced as a key concept of the framework. At this point, Engelbart refers to language in use, particularly used for thinking. Does he mean that improving the language system you also get to develop higher order thinking skills? Would he be pointing to augmenting the language system itself, getting better or evolving by using it to think about the world? A meta-learning?
I need to read more....
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Every person who does his thinking with symbolized concepts (whether in the form of the English language, pictographs, formal logic, or mathematics) should be able to benefit significantly.
Language as "technology".
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www.dougengelbart.org www.dougengelbart.org
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The language used to compose these process-description statements for the computer is considerably more compact and precise than is a natural language, such as English, and there is correspondingly less advantage to be gained by appending special links and tags for giving us humans a better grasp of their meaning
Language characteristics.
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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Learned vanity, which exceeds that of every other kind, still takes up arms against any thing that is offered as new
Thinking we know everything also makes us think there's nothing left to learn.
This has really important consequences in terms of post-humanist thinking! If we presume that there is a true definition of anything, we are allowing experience, culture, language to limit us. It is better to presume an every shifting definition of the human that responds to the situation at hand. Starting a discussion of the human with the idea that we all obviously know what a human is, is extremely limiting.
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only those who are in a state of warfare
I applaud Sheridan's attempt to enlighten our understanding of language in this way. He paints himself into a corner, but rather than stopping, he just keeps painting.
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red so thro' custom. I shall now proceed to shew, that when by custo
whoa, wait a minute. Is this some sleight of hand, or did I miss something?
This seems like an amplification of his previous thought, a stronger claim than what has come before. Up to this point, I understood Sheridan as saying "not all language is spoken words." Fair enough, but now his claim that "words are only a part of language because of custom, and language could exist just as well without words at all" is a considerable raising of the stakes.
Did I miss something?
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it is in itself, a manner of communication entirely diflercnt, and utterly independent of the other
Complete opposite of Astell's claim on the lack of "material" difference between speaking and writing
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among the natives, to make him+ self fully master of it.
I think that this is also a form of protection against an enemy.
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there is no tone which the ear can distinguish
Is he reasoning that we can understand another species language but we can always understand tone?
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that have no commerce with each other;
No interchange of language
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sweetest music to the ears
This is interesting too. That our own speech and sounds provides us with a level of comfort.
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The organs of hearing in each species, are tuned only to the sounds of their own
This is a very interesting idea that we can only hear the sounds of our own speech
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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communicating
See Locke's second function of language: "for the communicating of our thoughts to others" (817). Although Locke is skeptical as to language's ability to accurately communicate these thoughts, apart from civic discourse. But Astell is referring here to meaning related to "those Truths."
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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Complex ideas are not universal, as .. we can see by the difficulties of translating from one language to another.
Language shapes the way we think and therefore it has the potential to limit what we are capable of thinking.
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hey have their union and combination only from the understanding which unites them under one name
so basically language is very powerful in how we classify the world? I don't know why but this reminds me of how Eskimos have 50 words for snow, and all we have is "snow." Maybe sleet. not really sure if this is the same kind of thing but ¯_(ツ)_/¯
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here the ideas they stand for have no certain connection in nature;
is it possible that any idea can have no connection to nature or the natural world?
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for in that regard they are all equally per-fect
our mental representations of our ideas and what falls into which category is where the system is faulty, not the physical sounds we use to describe our ideas, because those are assigned arbitrarily
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If we consider, in the fallacies men put upon themselves, as well as others, and the mistakes in men's disputes and notions, how great a part is owing to words, and their uncertain or mistaken significations, we shall have reason lo think this no small obstacle in the way to knowledge
I'm really glad to see Locke say here that people can trick themselves with language. That whole bit at the beginning where one doesn't need "the right" words to communicate to oneself as long as the words are consistent seemed completely untenable to me.
Language shapes thought, even (especially?) one's own thought. As a member of a society, the language of others places all sorts of limits on our thoughts, and shapes them accordingly.
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heir ideas,
I'm screaming "Beetle" at the screen at this point.
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ince sounds have no natural connection with our ideas,
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one task of philosophy is to improve language
HU clap MA clap NI clap SM clap
"this shit sucks. There is certainly some ideal way it ought to work, so lets make it better and better because we can and we know how things work and how they ought to and we're smart and in control!!!"
What's the posthuman approach to language, in short? Maybe we can substitute words to come up with a different way of seeing it, like "one task of rhetoric is to invigorate language."
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he fault of the man,
And now back to flaws in comprehension (instead of language), so what is the implication of that 'man's' failing? There's the caveat "yet" leaving open the possibility that the 'man' has simply not encountered the name or devoted time to learning it, but what of the 'man' who has attempted both and still fails?
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an imperfection rather upon our words than understandings
Hm, okay. So what I took (above) as comments on humanity, Locke is saying are comments on language. (Or is it both?)
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real constitution, or (as it is apt to be called) essence, being utterly unknown to us, any sound that is put to stand for it must be very un· certain in its application;
Basically, be careful about naming anything that has an essence that's unknown to us, and it seems that most everything has an uncertain essence, so...
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moral words
What does he mean by "moral words"? Are there ethical implications here?
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The chief end of language in communication r-o~ being to be understood, words serve not well for ""0.°'-4 that end, neither in civil nor philosophical dis-e4."'L~ course, when any word does not excite in the l,,J/ hearer the same idea which it stands for in the mind of the speaker.
sender-receiver model of communication.
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Language is imperfect,
When would it ever be perfect? In the following sentence, it seems as though the author is claiming that philosophy is a curative method for language.
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Knowledge itself is independent of language.
Is this entirely true? Knowlege of things precedes speech about things, as the things themselves precede language to define them, but isn't our knowlege shaped by our language (or languages), making them instrinsically linked? I suppose for a "feral child" knowledge would be entirely independent from language, but that child's brain would develop differently - would they be capable of the same kinds of knowledge as a person with language?
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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including the universal language from which all languages spring
Following lhm8's Fenollosa comment earlier, this was an idea that survived into the early 20th C., as writers like Fenollos and Ezra Pound looked to the Chinese character as a more "natural" state of language, something closer to a universal meaning.
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correctness in pronunciation. as in diction and usage. is not an absolute. Language standards arc the property of the ruling class; thus the diction, usage. and pronuncia• lion of the power centers of capital cities tend to be the standards for a national Ian· guagc.
This division of pronunciation and usage is particularly visible in terms of class. Mispronounced words are often frowned upon, but all this means is that the person learned this word by reading, rather than having the opportunity of hearing someone say it first.
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Chinese, says Bacon, is written "in Character� Real, which express neither letters nor words ... but things or notions;
This notion of Chinese language is one that carries into the 20th century and has pretty far influence; Ernest Fenollosa's notes on Chinese characters and translations of Chinese poetry hugely influenced Ezra Pound and (by extension) 20th C poetry at large.
In terms of this class, Chinese characters pose an interesting alternative to the subject-object grammar of English.
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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Defect
Language similar to that of Hume, here and in the "General Orations" remark below (where generalities are more likely to be universally true than particulars)
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- Jan 2019
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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Cultural techniques – such as writing, reading, painting, counting,making music – are always older than the concepts that are gener-ated from them.
Therefore, thought is older than language.
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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power of words to represent preexistingthings
Sign vs. Symbol distinction -- crucial in understanding language.
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anguage come to be more trustworthy than matter?
People seem to trust in themselves more than what's outside themselves. Even though language is constructed, it's our construct, something we made, and therefore (?) something we can place our faith in more so than in matter, something we had less of a hand in making. When we place our faith in things outside ourselves, we become more vulnerable--we open ourselves to other things as well as to the possibility of being wrong.
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grammar too seriousl
Have we become a victim of grammar?
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How did language come to be more trustworthy than matter?
I have never thought of the idea of trusting language. What would walter ong think?
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when materiality itself is always alreadyfigured within a linguistic domain as its condition of possibility?
Is this what Rickert was doing with his discussion of the cave paintings?
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power
This claim is articulated pretty strongly in Gorgias's Encomium of Helen. The piece is a kind of thought experiment where Gorgias attempts to defend Helen. He points out that language (or speech) is "a powerful lord, which by means of the finest and most invisible body effects the divinest works: it can stop fear and banish grief and create joy and nature pity" (sec. 8). Part of his defense, then, is that Helen almost didn't have a choice; the speech was too powerful, god-like even. I found a .pdf copy of it here: http://myweb.fsu.edu/jjm09f/RhetoricSpring2012/Gorgias%20Encomium%20of%20Helen.pdf
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symmetrical faith in our access to representationsover things
"Language has been given too much power."
I'm finding it helpful to repeat that phrase when I don't understand what she means.
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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power
This claim is articulated pretty strongly in Gorgias's Encomium of Helen. The piece is a kind of thought experiment where Gorgias attempts to defend Helen. He points out that language (or speech) is "a powerful lord, which by means of the finest and most invisible body effects the divinest works: it can stop fear and banish grief and create joy and nature pity" (sec. 8). Part of his defense, then, is that Helen almost didn't have a choice; the speech was too powerful, god-like even. I found a .pdf copy of it here: http://myweb.fsu.edu/jjm09f/RhetoricSpring2012/Gorgias%20Encomium%20of%20Helen.pdf
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hen materiality itself is always alreadyfigured within a linguistic domain as its condition of possibility?
Is this what Rickert was doing with his discussion of the cave paintings?
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arcana
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static1.squarespace.com static1.squarespace.com
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Turned language, man's best friend, into a potential enemy?
What might language look like if it is indeed an enemy? Would it be different for each individual or uniformly evil?
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www.coerll.utexas.edu www.coerll.utexas.edu
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Open resources for foreign languages...
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blog.growkudos.com blog.growkudos.com
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We found that a plain language summary gives readers an instant overview of an article, making it easier to understand and also easier to find.
Here is an example Plain Language Summary created for one of David Sommer's own articles.
Maximize publication impact by all stakeholders coordinating their efforts
What is it about?
In this paper I explore the idea that in order to maximize a publication's impact, everybody needs to play their part - authors, co-authors, publishers, institutions, societies and funders. The author is the common factor that links all of these organizations and groups, so their thinking must shift towards creating a culture of discoverability, encouraging the organizations they work with to help generate impact. The author becomes the conductor, leading the orchestra of players. Why is it important?
The case for authors taking responsibility for maximizing the impact of their research has never been stronger. With over $1 trillion invested in research every year it is surprising to find some studies showing that 50% of articles are never read, and a much higher percentage are never cited. With researchers under increasing pressure from institutions and funders to demonstrate that their research will have impact and be applied, it is critical that researchers do all they can to make sure the right people find, understand and use their work.
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ncf.idallen.com ncf.idallen.com
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The Chaos, Gerard Nolst Trenité (1922) - a poem that highlights about 800 irregularities in English spelling and pronunciation.
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- Dec 2018
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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I think contextualizing the applications of a tool like Unpaywall in the OA movement could be useful in the 5.3 section, as an added paragraph. Unpaywall helps researchers find papers that are available freely on the web. Often these papers are held in university repositories or author websites. The author may have transferred copyright to the publisher at the time of publication for a window of time that has expired, or the author may have retained copyright of their publication. I think that the idea of a scientific language decoder for the public is an excellent educational tool and potential public service.
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- Nov 2018
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pitchfork.com pitchfork.com
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Did Healy pop pills, lick coke, and twirl a revolver before h
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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github.com github.com
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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He believed that the reason why non-Arabs were accepted as part of Arab society was due to their mastery of the Arabic language.
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www.c3schools.org www.c3schools.org
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English Teachers' Barriers to the Use of Computer-assisted Language Learning
This article discusses the use of Computer-assisted Language Learning (CALL) technologies to teach English. Each stage of learning aligns with a level of computer technology. There are also many barriers that impede the process of integrating the CALL into the classroom, which include financial, access to hardware and software, teacher training, technical knowledge, and acceptance of technology.
RATING: 8/10
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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These ideas are rooted in beliefs about reading that were once commonly called “whole language” and that gained a lot of traction in the 1980s. Whole-language proponents dismissed the need for phonics. Reading is “the most natural activity in the world,” Frank Smith, one of the intellectual leaders of the whole-language movement, wrote. It “is only through reading that children learn to read. Trying to teach children to read by teaching them the sounds of letters is literally a meaningless activity.”
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while learning to talk is a natural process that occurs when children are surrounded by spoken language, learning to read is not. To become readers, kids need to learn how the words they know how to say connect to print on the page. They need explicit, systematic phonics instruction. There are hundreds of studies that back this up.
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- Oct 2018
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jnnp.bmj.com jnnp.bmj.com
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In pathological mixing multilingual patients mix two or more languages within a single utterance, whereas in pathological switching patients alternate utterances in one language to utterances in another, even when the interlocutor cannot understand one of the two languages. Numerous studies have established that pathological mixing is mainly due to lesions in the parietotemporal structures of the left hemisphere, whereas the nervous structures responsible for switching between languages have not yet been clearly described.5 6 The study of the bilingual patient reported here has allowed us to establish—for the first time—the role of anterior brain structures in the switching mechanism in multilingual subjects.
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medium.freecodecamp.org medium.freecodecamp.org
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www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
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ghosts
These ghosts are representative of past lovers who are haunting her, which is especially disturbing to the speaker because she cannot remember them. Perhaps she cannot remember the past lovers because she was promiscuous rather than trying to find real love. I think Millay chose the word ghost because usually things that haunt you are things that you feel guilty about, and I think Millay feels guilty for her past behavior of being promiscuous.
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summer
represents happiness, juxtaposes with "rain" mentioned in the first stanza. Summer could also represent her true love that made her the happiest, while the ghosts in the rain represent all of the other unimportant people she was with.
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lonely tree
metaphor for the speaker, the "birds" are a metaphor for her past loves, and they have all "vanished". Therefore, the speaker is like this tree in the winter, left alone with no companionship. This is also personification because trees cannot be lonely.
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- Sep 2018
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www.apmreports.org www.apmreports.org
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There is no debate at this point among scientists that reading is a skill that needs to be explicitly taught by showing children the ways that sounds and letters correspond.
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What's also clear in the research is that phonics isn't enough. Children can learn to decode words without knowing what the words mean. To comprehend what they're reading, kids need a good vocabulary, too. That's why reading to kids and surrounding them with quality books is a good idea. The whole language proponents are right about that.
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But the science shows clearly that when reading instruction is organized around a defined progression of concepts about how speech is represented by print, kids become better readers. There is also widespread support in the research for the effectiveness of teacher-directed lessons as opposed to letting children discover key concepts about reading on their own.
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A big part of the problem is at the university level, in schools of education, according to the authors of a 2016 article in the Journal of Childhood & Developmental Disorders. "Faculty have ignored the scientific knowledge that informs reading acquisition," the authors wrote. "As a result, the pre-service teachers who are being educated at these institutions fail to receive the necessary training."
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The battle between whole language and phonics got so heated that the U.S. Congress eventually got involved, convening a National Reading Panel to review all the research on reading. In 2000, the panel released a report. The sum of the research showed that explicitly teaching children the relationship between sounds and letters improved reading achievement. The panel concluded that phonics lessons help kids become better readers. There is no evidence to say the same about whole language.
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Whole language was a movement of people who believed that children and teachers needed to be freed from the tedium of phonics instruction. Phonics lessons were seen as rote, old-fashioned, and kind of conservative. The essential idea in whole language was that children construct their own knowledge and meaning from experience. Teaching them phonics wasn't necessary because learning to read was a natural process that would occur if they were immersed in a print-rich environment. Whole language proponents thought phonics lessons might actually be bad for kids, might inhibit children from developing a love of reading by making them focus on tedious skills like breaking words into parts.
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Another big takeaway from decades of scientific research is that, while we use our eyes to read, the starting point for reading is sound. What a child must do to become a reader is to figure out how the words she hears and knows how to say connect to letters on the page. Writing is a code humans invented to represent speech sounds. Kids have to crack that code to become readers.
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We are born wired to talk. Kids learn to talk by being talked to, by being surrounded with spoken language. That's all it takes. No one has to teach them to talk.But, as numerous studies have shown, reading is different. Our brains don't know how to do it. That's because human beings didn't invent written language until relatively recently in human history, just a few thousand years ago. To be able to read, structures in our brain that were designed for things such as object recognition have to get rewired a bit.
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The prevailing approaches to reading instruction in American schools are inconsistent with basic things scientists have discovered about how children learn to read. Many educators don't know the science, and in some cases actively resist it. The resistance is the result of beliefs about reading that have been deeply held in the educational establishment for decades, even though those beliefs have been proven wrong by scientists over and over again.
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- Aug 2018
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www.digitalethics.org www.digitalethics.org
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In daily language, the word pragmatic is often used pejoratively, to describe someone with a lack of principles (or character) who will let the situation, rather than a firm moral compass, guide her actions. But in the philosophical sense, pragmatism refers to an orientation towards ethics that isn’t occupying itself with abstract concepts such as “truth,” “right” and “wrong” or with coming up with all-encompassing ethical theories. Instead it focuses on praxis rather than theory and sees the role of the ethicist more to “de-scribe” norms as they develop than to “pre-scribe” them.
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- Jul 2018
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It’s this combination, the fetish for strength and the idealization of racially coded innocence, that has historically led authoritarian movements to subvert the rule of law in the name of order.
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course-computational-literary-analysis.netlify.com course-computational-literary-analysis.netlify.com
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Why didn’t the men begin? What were they waiting for? There they stood, smoothing their gloves, patting their glossy hair and smiling among themselves. Then, quite suddenly, as if they had only just made up their minds that that was what they had to do, the men came gliding over the parquet. There was a joyful flutter among the girls.
Throughout the story, the narrator figures the men and women as birds participating in courtship/pre-mating dances. Observe the narrator's ornithological language here: the men "glid[e] over the parquet" towards the women, who respond with "a joyful flutter." With part-of-speech tagging, we could zoom in on how the story's syntactical elements (especially verbs and adjectives) create this parallel between social and animal rituals.
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wendynorris.com wendynorris.com
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bels. To date, we have found that our subjects have a minimal ability, and almost no language, to discuss the vagaries of time. In general, people attempt to negotiate their subjective experiences of time through the assumptions of the dominant temporal logic outlined a
So true, in my study too.
Cite this graf.
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wendynorris.com wendynorris.com
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article, time clearly constitutes a quasi-linguistic nonverbal system of signification that deserves the full attention of students of symbolic communication. As we have seen, both individuals and societies use this "language" in their "speech," essentially manipulating various dimensions of temporality as virtual semiotic codes through which they manage to convey critical social messages without ha
Semiotics codes that represent non-verbal social communication about time/temporality is not an explicit skill but something seemingly intuitive to both speaker and listener.
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In short, the "language of time" identified here is by no means a merely intellectual phenomenon invented by sociology. Not only are we all aware of its existence, we also use it quite actively in our own "speech."7 The manipulative use of temporality is quite evident not only at the macrosocial level of societal politics, but also at the microsocial level of interpersonal relations. We employ the language of time quite strategically in our every- day "speech" and, quite often, what appears on the surface as entirely spontaneous behavior may actually involve a deliberate manipulation of temporal circu
The language of time incorporates "deliberate mainpulation of temporal circumstances."
People use symbolic associations to convey special meanings to certain periods of time. Example provided is a late night phone call that hints at a desire for a closer, more intimate relationship.
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- May 2018
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teaching language online
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- Apr 2018
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www.bbc.com www.bbc.com
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Perhaps music and language both evolved out of the need for early humans to communicate their emotional state to other members of the group.
Were our modern day languages created out of a singled shared language or did each separate group express themselves in different ways that lead to multiple languages today?
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obscurata.org obscurata.org
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you can’t keep turning round in one place like a horse grinding sugar cane.
This simile takes up the theme suggested by the previous figurative device; here, though, the horse serves as the power source and walks in a tight radius around a central grinding apparatus in which raw cane is pushed in from the top lengthwise and the pressed out juice is collected in a tub. Likening Janie now to a beast of burden accentuates the suggestion that she has been taken advantage of ("worked") by Tea Cake.
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The train beat on itself and danced on the shiny steel rails mile after mile. Every now and then the engineer would play on his whistle for the people in the towns he passed by. And the train shuffled on to Jacksonville, and to a whole lot of things she wanted to see and to know.
The personification of the train serves to suggest that Janie, in following her heart--leaving Eatonville and marrying Tea Cake--is in touch with her self, her humanity, for the first time in her life.
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He leaned on the counter with one elbow and cold-cocked her a look.
The implied metaphor relates to pugilism. tenor: permitted Janie to see an expression that revealed his interest in her vehicle: a punch ground: a blow delivered with enough force to knock a fighter unconscious
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Lemme know when dat ole pee-de-bed is gone and Ah’ll be right back.”
Hilarious country euphemism/implied metaphor: tenor: Ike Green vehicle: an old, incontinent person ground: one who lacks fundamental control of bodily functions and is therefore rendered helplessly childlike.
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She wasn’t petal-open anymore with him.
An interesting and evocative image and implied metaphor. The tenor is Janie's willingness to be vulnerable, emotionally and physically, with Joe; the vehicle is a flower; the ground, is a living thing's natural inclination (you could say the biological imperative) for making available its innermost self, its essence, in order to foster growth and/or reproduction. The implied image of the woman's labia as the petals of a flower is relatively obvious.
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Ah knowed you would going tuh crawl up in dat holler! But Ah aims tuh smoke yuh right out.
Two implied metaphors in quick succession: tenor: choose a position (here, in a debate) vehicle: crawl up in a hollow (as in the mountains) ground: a narrow and protected position that is well-guarded but is nonetheless difficult to retreat from tenor: effectively refute Sam's argumentative position vehicle: smoke you right out ground: to force an animal (or person) from a protected position by denying access to oxygen and thereby threatening their life
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It was just a handle to wind up the tongue with.
The implied metaphor relates to bringing up water from a well; here, the suggestion is that the verbal irony exhibited in the tone of whomever opens a remark with "Our beloved mayor," invited anyone in the vicinity to gather (as around a well, water being the primary source of life sustenance in any community) and speak ill of Jody.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Since September 27, 2004, the jinmeiyō kanji (人名用漢字, kanji for use in personal names) consist of 3,119 characters, containing the jōyō kanji plus an additional 983 kanji found in people's names.
人名用漢字(じんめいよう・かんじ)literally means "person's-name-use kanji" or "kanji for use in peoples' names."
Kanji have been added and (re)moved from the list several times throughout its history. See the page Wikipedia: Jinmeiyoo Kanji
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The jōyō kanji (常用漢字, regular-use kanji) are 2,136 characters consisting of all the Kyōiku kanji, plus 1,130 additional kanji taught in junior high and high school[9].
常用(じょうよう)漢字(かんじ)means "daily use" kanji.
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- Mar 2018
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www.mspaintadventures.com www.mspaintadventures.com
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TAVROS NITRAM
wiki etc etc no spoilers
"Tavros" is Greek for "bull" and is also the Modern Greek pronunciation of the name "Taurus." His name resembles that of the Doctor Who villain Davros, the wheelchair-bound creator of the Daleks [...] "Nitram" is "Martin" written backwards. There are two possible connections for this. Operation Taurus was the name of a planned prosecution by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) against Martin McGuinness, and Mary Martin played Peter Pan in the 1954 musical.
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www.mspaintadventures.com www.mspaintadventures.com
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2peak wiith a biit of a lii2p
and he's named with two 's' sounds.
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APICULTURE NETWORKING
from apiary, beehive, unsurprisingly
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SOLLUX CAPTOR
yall know the drill by now
Sollux rather transparently divides into "sol-lux", the Latin words for "sun" and "light", respectively. As such, his name would literally mean 'Sunlight Catcher'.
If one would switch the S and P in his name it becomes "Pollux Castor." Pollux and Castor are the two brightest stars in the constellation of Gemini. It is also worth noting that Pollux is a red giant, while Castor is bluish white, complementing the red/blue duality theme. Castor and Pollux were famous mythological twins, which is where Gemini - Latin for "twins" - gets its name. Pollux and Castor were also the names of two characters in the movie Face/Off, a Nicolas Cage flick that came out the same year as Con Air and one that John Egbert has a poster of in his room.
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stackoverflow.com stackoverflow.com
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Using foo:::f instead of foo::f allows access to unexported objects.
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teresa-nextsteps.blogspot.com teresa-nextsteps.blogspot.com
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Language teaching has been my career since I left university, I completed my Post Graduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) back in the 1980s at Warwick and I had worked for 15 years in secondary education rising to a leadership role before joining the Language Centre as a part-time tutor when my children were still young
Language teaching career
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halide-lang.org halide-lang.orgHalide1
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web-static-aws.seas.harvard.edu web-static-aws.seas.harvard.edu
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CS 252r: Advanced Topics in Programming Languages by Stephen Chong
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- Feb 2018
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Different sets of ESR1 polymorphisms were associated with cognitive decline from CDR 0 to 0.5 and CDR 0.5 to 1. ESR1 polymorphisms (rs3853248, rs22334693 [ESR1+397], rs9340799 [ESR1+351], rs9397456, rs1801132 [ESR1+975], rs2179922, rs932477, and rs9341016) were associated with the deterioration of episodic memory among subjects with baseline CDR 0, indicating these polymorphisms might be markers for episodic memory decline at an earlier stage
p(HGNC:ESR1) hasVariant g(dbSNP:rs3853248) p(HGNC:ESR1) hasVariant g(dbSNP:rs22334693) p(HGNC:ESR1) hasVariant g(dbSNP:rs9340799) p(HGNC:ESR1) hasVariant g(dbSNP:rs9397456) p(HGNC:ESR1) hasVariant g(dbSNP:rs1801132) p(HGNC:ESR1) hasVariant g(dbSNP:rs2179922) p(HGNC:ESR1) hasVariant g(dbSNP:rs932477) p(HGNC:ESR1) hasVariant g(dbSNP:rs9341016) a(NIFT:"Clinical dementia rating") pos g(dbSNP:rs3853248) a(NIFT:"Clinical dementia rating") pos g(dbSNP:rs22334693) a(NIFT:"Clinical dementia rating") pos g(dbSNP:rs9340799) a(NIFT:"Clinical dementia rating") pos g(dbSNP:rs9397456) a(NIFT:"Clinical dementia rating") pos g(dbSNP:rs1801132) a(NIFT:"Clinical dementia rating") pos g(dbSNP:rs2179922) a(NIFT:"Clinical dementia rating") pos g(dbSNP:rs932477) a(NIFT:"Clinical dementia rating") pos g(dbSNP:rs9341016)
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Although we observed no association between rs3785883 or rs1868402 alone and change in CDR-sb (P > .10), there was a significant association between a combined genotype model and change in CDR-sb: carriers of the high-risk genotypes at both loci progressed >2.9 times faster than noncarriers (P = .015)
g(dbSNP:rs1868402) cnc a(CTO:"Clinical_Dementia_Rating_Scale-sum_of_boxes") g(dbSNP:rs3785883) cnc a(CTO:"Clinical_Dementia_Rating_Scale-sum_of_boxes") composite(g(dbSNP:rs1868402),g(dbSNP:rs3785883)) pos a(CTO:"Clinical_Dementia_Rating_Scale-sum_of_boxes")
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- Jan 2018
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languagedev.wikispaces.com languagedev.wikispaces.com
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each theory contributes significant ideas and concepts, which over Lime have clarified our awareness of the ways language develops.
The combination of these theories together has provided us with significant information on how we learn to talk and develop language
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- Dec 2017
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aeon.co aeon.co
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Although language seems to us so obviously useful that its cost is hard to discern, there is some truth to Thomas Hobbes’s explanation of why humans find it so much more difficult to cooperate than ants do. Ants don’t require a tyrannical monster to enforce cooperation, Hobbes argued in Leviathan (1651), mainly because they don’t talk. They can be harmed but not offended; they can’t make agreements and therefore cannot break them; and they don’t ‘strive to reform and innovate’ – all of which spares them quarrels, disagreements and generally bad feelings.
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engagements2017-18.as.virginia.edu engagements2017-18.as.virginia.edu
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Statics, respect matter generally, in a state of rest, and include Hydrostatics, or the Laws of fluids particularly, at rest or in equilibrio Dynamics, used as a general term include Dynamics proper, or the Laws of solids in Motion and Hydrodynamics, or Hydraulics, those of fluids in Motion Pneumatics teach the theory of air, its Weight, Motion, condensation, rarifaction &c Acoustics or Phonics, the theory of sound Optics the Laws of Light & vision Physics or Physiology in a general sense, mean the doctrine of the Physical objects of our senses
It is interesting to note that all these subjects, so succinctly explained here, are all under the umbrella term "Physics" now. During Jefferson's time, there probably wasn't a standard of learning to follow, so he had to list out the specifics here. We've come far in that now mentioning to physics to someone with some schooling will mean them considering some of these things instead of just "the doctrine of Physical objects of our senses."
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