Don’t lose sight of why Trump won by [[Megan McArdle]]

(~21:00)

Apparently caffeine can help to enjoy experience more, including the person who is with us. So, in a way, a caffeine drink can act as a sort of love potion (although it's not that potent)--but it can certainly enhance a person's enjoyment of that experience with you.

26:30 Brings up progress traps of this new technology

26:48

question How do we shift our (human being's) relationship with the rest of nature

27:00

metaphor - interspecies communications - AI can be compared to a new scientific instrument that extends our ability to see - We may discover that humanity is not the center of the universe

32:54

Question - Dr Doolittle question - Will we be able to talk to the animals? - Wittgenstein said no - Human Umwelt is different from others - but it may very well happen

34:54

species have culture - Marine mammals enact behavior similar to humans

• Unknown unknowns will likely move to known unknowns and to some known knowns

36:29

citizen science bioacoustic projects - audio moth - sound invisible to humans - ultrasonic sound - intrasonic sound - example - Amazonian river turtles have been found to have hundreds of unique vocalizations to call their baby turtles to safety out in the ocean

41:56

ocean habitat for whales - they can communicate across the entire ocean of the earth - They tell of a story of a whale in Bermuda can communicate with a whale in Ireland

43:00

progress trap - AI for interspecies communications - examples - examples - poachers or eco tourism can misuse

44:08

progress trap - AI for interspecies communications - policy

45:16

whale protection technology - Kim Davies - University of New Brunswick - aquatic drones - drones triangulate whales - ships must not get near 1,000 km of whales to avoid collision - Canadian government fines are up to 250,000 dollars for violating

50:35

environmental regulation - overhaul for the next century - instead of - treatment, we now have the data tools for - prevention

56:40 - ecological relationship - pollinators and plants have co-evolved

1:00:26

AI for interspecies communication - example - human cultural evolution controlling evolution of life on earth

Age is Just a Number in Relationship - Related Pages

• Age is just a number: it's not a barrier to me - <q>I didn't think age should be a problem in marriage or relationships; love should be given the chance to express itself. One of my aunts wanted to get married …</q>
• Age Is Just A Number - <q>… Photo by Innoh Khumbuza: Relationships are sometimes a sensitive topic which when we engage In at times arguments abound… by marriot5464.</q>
• Is age just a number in relationships? - <q> … Whichever is your choice, your decision should be based on the love, connection, and understanding that exist between you both. With this, you …</q>
• Is age really just a number in a relationship? - <q>… Over the years, one of the most popular pieces of relationship advice you will get from people is that age is just a number… by vickoly</q>
• When Age Is Just A Number In Marriage - <q>Having common interest matters a lot in a relationship, it keeps the marriage alive. By nature, men's strength stays for a longer time and that's the reason …</q>
• Anything Worth Doing, is Worth Doing Well - <q>… relationship,and school, and just everything in general. … She would just smile and tell me that age is just a number … just had to do it anyhow , just because …</q>
• My Age Gap Relationship - <q>… age gap relationship. … age really is but a number. When I look at … If weight, height, social status, bank account totals, and distance are just numbers in a …</q>

Does age matters in relationships? These personal experiences argue that age is just a number. As long as there is love, trust, and communication between partners.

• Who: The author (Princess Busayo), her parents, and another couple.
• What: Discussing the topic of whether age matters in a relationship
• Where: The author's personal experiences and observations.
• Why: To share different perspectives on the topic and provide personal insights.
• How: By sharing two scenarios from the author's life and providing their own opinion on the matter.

The focus of family constellations seems to be placing people with respect to not only their surroundings, but their family, ancestors, and those who create the web of the world around them.

https://app.thebrain.com/brain/3d80058c-14d8-5361-0b61-a061f89baf87/3c5a3e87-541a-4e53-9b5a-4e82decc6a12

Why doesn't politics focus on deep relationships?

One) Successful men realize that the most important decision in their life is the woman they choose, because outside of work, this is what they'll be spending most time on. The woman must understand the man's grand ambition, and support them with it. (Cf. Flow & The Intellectual Life as well). Women should be chosen on personality, not looks. Looks fade (attraction as well), personality "stays".

Two) Everyone deserves an opinion but not everyone deserves a say. Charlie Munger sums this up right: "I don't ever allow myself to have [express] an opinion about anything that I don't know the opponent side's argument better than they do." Or Marcus Aurelius, who says: "The opinion of ten thousand men is of no value if none of them know anything about the subject." In short: Only state your opinion when you can back it up!; knowledge and experience. The same goes for judging opinion (and advice) from others.

Three) Successful people buy assets when the money is enough. Assets > Luxury. (See also: Rich Dad, Poor Dad, Robert Kiyosaki). Only buy glamor and other "interests" once your assets are there to secure your financial success.

Four) Be pragmatic. Do what's practical, not what is "sexy". Notice inefficiencies and solve them. The entrepreneurial mindset.

Five) The morning sets the tone for the rest of the days. Time is subjective, waking up early doesn't matter as much as waking up later. It depends on the person. Someone who wakes up at 10am can be as successful as someone who wakes up at 6am. Instead, what defines success, is a highly effective morning routine.

Six) The less you talk, the more you listen. Talking less means less mistakes. In addition, the less you talk, the more people will listen when you do speak. It puts extra weight on your message. Listening means analysis and learning.

Seven) Pick the right opportunity at the right time. Pick the right vehicle. Do the right things in the right order! The advice "don't do what someone says, do what they do" is bullshit, as you can't do what someone is able to do after ten years of experience.

Eight) Discipline > Motivation. Motivation, like Dr. Sung says, fluctuates and is multifactorial dependent... When you are lead by motivation you will not be as productive. Don't rely on chance. Rely on what is stable.

Nine) Once a good career has been made, buy A1 assets and hold on to them to secure a financially successful future.

Ten) Just because you won, you are not a winner. Being a winner is a continuous process, it means always learning and reflecting as well as introspecting. Don't overvalue individual wins but do celebrate them when appropriate.

Eleven) Build good relationships with the banks early on. At times you need loans to fund certain ventures, when having a good relation with them, this will be significantly easier. Understand finance as early as possible. Read finance books.

Twelve) Keep the circle small. Acquintances can be many, but real close relationships should be kept small. Choose your friends wisely. "You become the average of the five people you spend most time with." Privacy is important. Only tell the most deep secrets to the Inner Circle, to avoid overcomplication.

Thirteen) Assume that everything is your fault. Responsibility. It leads to learning. It requires reflection and introspection. It leads to Dr. Benjamin Hardy's statement: "Nothing happens to you, everything happens for you."

Fourteen) Work like new money, but act like your old money. Combine the hunger of the new with the wisdom of the old.

Fifteen) Assume that you can't change the world, but slightly influence it. It prevents disappointments and gives a right mindset. Do everything (that has your ambition) with an insane drive. Aim to hit the stars. To become the best of the best.

Sixteen) Private victories lead to public victories. The solid maxim is the following: "The bigger the public victory, the more private victories went into it." Work in private. Social media doesn't need to known the struggle. Let your results talk for you. This is also why you should never compare yourself to others, but rather to your own past self.

Seventeen) After extreme experience, the most complicated task will look elegant and effortless. Unconscious competence.

Not sure what this means

Is this true?

Wonderful conversation between Sheila Heti, her brother, and three of their friends, about the Annie Hall 'I need the eggs' joke that ends the film.

An article about contemporary philosopher Agnes Callard

Despite the affordances of recording, searching, tagging made by computerized note taking systems, the problem still remains what to search for or collect and how to relate the smaller parts to the whole.

customer relationship management vs. personal knowledge management (or perhaps more important knowledge relationship management, the relationship between individual facts to the overall whole) suggested by autocomplete on "knowl..."

As a complete aside I can't help but wonder if Tami Gottschalk is related to Louis R. Gottschalk, the historian who wrote Understanding history; a primer of historical method?

I somewhat disagree - I think this community building is successful precisely because there is a shared interest or goal. It goes hand in hand. If there is no connecting theme or goal, the groups fall apart.

Wiki table of contents of the Icarus paradox

https://www.denizcemonduygu.com/philo/browse/

History of Philosophy: Summarized & Visualized

This could be thought of as a form of digital, single-project zettelkasten dedicated to philosophy. It's got people, sources, and ideas which are cross linked in a Luhmann-sense (without numbering) though not in a topical index-sense. Interestingly it has not only a spatial interface and shows spatial relationships between people and ideas over time using a timeline, but it also indicates—using colored links—the ideas of disagreement/contrast/refutation and agreement/similarity/expansion.

What other (digital) tools of thought provide these sorts of visualization affordances?

4.2 Meaningful work and meaningful relationships aren’t just nice things we chose for ourselves—they are genetically programmed into us.

‘how the demand for deeper human connection has sparked a profound reset in our relationships’.

The Meta Foresight (formerly Facebook IQ) team conducted a survey of 36,000 adults across 12 markets.

Among their key findings:

72% of respondents said that the pandemic caused them to reprioritize their closest friends
Young people are most open to using more immersive tech to foster connections (including augmented and virtual reality), though all users indicated that tech will play a bigger role in enhancing personal connections moving forward
37% of people surveyed globally reported reassessing their life priorities as a result of the pandemic

Is this responsible for some of the "group think" seen in the Republican party and the political right? Imitation of bad or counter-intuitive actions outweights scientifically proven better actions? Examples: anti-vaxxers and coronavirus no-masker behaviors? (Some of this may also be about or even entangled with George Lakoff's (?) tribal identity theories relating to "people like me".

Explore this area more deeply.

Another contributing factor for this effect may be the small-town effect as most Republican party members are in the countryside (as opposed to the larger cities which tend to be more Democratic). City dwellers are more likely to be more insular in their interpersonal relations whereas country dwellers may have more social ties to other people and groups and therefor make them more tribal in their social interrelationships. Can I find data to back up this claim?

How does link to the thesis put forward by Joseph Henrich in The WEIRDest People in the World: How the West Became Psychologically Peculiar and Particularly Prosperous? Does Henrich have data about city dwellers to back up my claim above?

What does this tension have to do with the increasing (and potentially evolutionary) propensity of humans to live in ever-increasingly larger and more dense cities versus maintaining their smaller historic numbers prior to the pre-agricultural timeperiod?

What are the biological effects on human evolution as a result of these cultural pressures? Certainly our cultural evolution is effecting our biological evolution?

What about the effects of communication media on our cultural and biological evolution? Memes, orality versus literacy, film, radio, television, etc.? Can we tease out these effects within the socio-politico-cultural sphere on the greater span of humanity? Can we find breaks, signs, or symptoms at the border of mass agriculture?

total aside, though related to evolution: link hypercycles to evolution spirals?

Evidence indicates that those who are have experience or fluency in sign language (both hearing and non-hearing) have increased visual-spatial intelligence and reasoning. Practice using gesturing directly improves spatial thinking.

https://twitter.com/swardley/status/1490344071126294528

maps != graphs

what are the building blocks at operation with respect to these?

what pieces of context are built up and how do they add information to become more complex?

https://words.jamoe.org/up-down-and-across/

meh...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3Tvjf0buc8

graph thinking

• intuitive
• speed, agility
• adaptability

; graph thinking : focuses on relationships to turn data into information and uses patterns to find meaning

property graph data model

• relationships (connectors with verbs which can have properties)
• nodes (have names and can have properties)

Examples:

• Purchase recommendations for products in real time
• Fraud detection

Use for dependency analysis

This truism is certainly much older than John Palmer, but an interesting quote none-the-less.

It could be useful to meditate on the ideas of "spatial interfaces" and "spatial software" as useful affordances within the application and design spaces.

There's been a normalization of providing exterior indicators of internal ideas and people's mental states. Examples include pins indicating pronouns, arm bracelets indicating social distancing or other social norms.

But why aren't we taking these even farther on the anthropological spectrum? Is one society better or worse than another? One religion, one culture? Certainly not. Just like Leah McGowen-Hare's green band indicating that she's a hugger isn't any more valuable than someone else's yellow fist bump indicator. We need to do a better job of not putting people into linear relationships which only exist in our minds until we realize how horrific and dehumanizing they are.

Cross reference:

• https://indieweb.org/photography_policy
• https://indieweb.org/pronoun#Pronoun_Badges

Eder, Stephanie J., Andrew A. Nicholson, Michal M. Stefanczyk, Michał Pieniak, Judit Martínez-Molina, Ondra Pešout, Jakub Binter, Patrick Smela, Frank Scharnowski, and David Steyrl. ‘Securing Your Relationship: Quality of Intimate Relationships During the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Be Predicted by Attachment Style’. Frontiers in Psychology 0 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647956.

https://kfitz.info/23-july-2021-0951/

There's something interesting here with respect to relationships and desiring-to-have and wanting-to-be. Something we may miss in our daily interactions, but worth thinking about in our loves, crushes, etc.

Time in US - falling in love - having children

Lodder, Gerine M. A., Sjoerd van Halem, Anne Bülow, M. A. van Scheppingen, Joshua Weller, and Anne K. Reitz. ‘Daily Fluctuations in Occupation with and Worry about COVID-19’. PsyArXiv, 14 April 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nf3ja.

This is a great example of how services like Facebook can be like the abusive significant other you can never leave.

power relations young people experience will influence the type of adult they develop into, possibly related to attachment styles developed in childhood

Atkisson, C., & Finn, K. (2020). Redundant relationships in multiplex food sharing networks increase food security in a nutritionally precarious environment. ArXiv:2011.12817 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.12817

Rodrigues, D. L., & Martins, J. (2020, October 6). Personal and Relational Outcomes of Online Pornography Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h4jn5

Lovely. This is such a great insight that I can already see is going to help me a lot.

This is a great idea that hasn't occurred to me before. When looking for non-obvious relationships between concepts (something that I think forms part of creativity), it makes sense to have the graph view open alongside the note you're working on.

Sisson, N. M., Willroth, E. C., Le, B. M., & Ford, B. Q. (2020, December 1). The Mental Health Effects of Living with Close Others Before, During, and After the Onset of COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v9mc4

They use inclusive language by using no language at all, sometimes the best way to communicate are our actions, this add is meant to be seen by many and people wouldn't understand if there was one language spoken, this lack of language makes the advertisement inclusive of all. Additionally our actions are a honest representation of the people we are and I believe that in a advertisement meant to represent emotions and bonds there is no better language than our purest form of expression, body language.

The advertisement is completely pathos since it tries to form a emotional connection with the viewer by using such emotional and happy scenes, making the viewer remember the happy and good times they had when they were together with the people they held dear or when meeting new people. It wants the viewer to remember the good times they had while drinking a coke and promote the idea that they are missing out on happiness because they are lacking a coke.

Target audience: the target audience is everyone. No matter who you are Coca-Cola tries to connect itself with everyone by forming a close relationship by writing impactful, fun and friendly things on their bottles.

Explicit: Convey to others that forming new bonds and overcoming social barriers and/or cultural walls is very easy, creating a better society.

Implicit: To promote the consumption of coke by associating coke with family friends and relationships and connecting with their consumers

0:10 -The older man places a coke on the table and turns it around, the bottle has the word "Friends" inscribed on it. The fact that the bottle has such word inscribed makes the viewer want to buy one since it is a very striking word, it makes you think of home and the people you hold dear.

0:21 the young man accepts the old mans friend request through the phone, this has never been seen in other advertisement of coke but as times change people change and many friendships and relationships have and are currently being created through the internet , this tells the audience that coke is always adapting to us and that it will always be by our side no matter when.

The way they used men of very different ages represents that coke can break the barrier of time, since it is usually said that the disparity between generations and their way of thinking is not easily overcome. But thanks to the ad we see that Coke Transends this barrier of time creating new never thought possible bonds.

0:16 we get a top view where the coke is perfectly placed in the middle of the table braking the "wall" that keeps both men apart form each other .

the "Share a Coke" slogan has a strong call to action it is incentivizing the audience to purchase one for the purpose of giving it to another like how you give chocolates to someone important to you on valentines, this would be the same idea.

0:20 the coke is placed in a way that it is perfectly lighted up and in the mid point between both men this could be said that the coke is braking the ice between them or the cultural wall in between as it is literally the reason why both men start to interact with one another.

This advertisement is also a critique against racism around the world, it implies that no matter who you are, what your background is and the different thoughts and believes you have, we should create new bonds, not destroy them. This is seen by the way the young man quickly develops a friend ship with the older man, with just the simple act of sharing a drink.

The lack of speech is also very note worthy since it gives off the idea that forming new bonds is very simple, such that there is no need to talk. It is a critique to society as it implies that the only thing separating us from having a world where no one is less than others is our ego and our own human complex.

The lighting used in this advertisement is very bright in order to set up the very friendly atmosphere shown in the video, this hooks the viewer since it gives off happiness and good vibes, which people feel more attracted to. It also represents the theme of the ad which is creating and strengthening bonds.

0:21 both the man and the young man grab the coke, this is symbolic because it is as implying that the man in conveying his emotions and thoughts to the coke before the young man drinks it, when the young man drinks its he sighs and looks at the old man in a more friendly way as if implying that he can now understand him in a more deeper way since he literally drank the old mans thoughts through the coke.

Through out the whole commercial there is no verbal interaction between the old man and the younger one, implying that forming new relationships and meeting new people is very simple to the point that you don't even have to talk. This lack of conversation is also very clever since it can be said that the man is conveying his emotions and feelings to the younger one through the coke as saying that when share a coke you are sharing more than a drink you are sharing emotions

0:13 the older man makes a facial gesture which conveys to us that he is telling the younger one to "go ahead" and drink the coke, which he is only willing to sheared if the youngest becomes friends with him.

0:15 the youngest looks at the old man and there is a pause, as if he were thinking about the repercussions of becoming friends with the man, but realizes that there are non.

0:15 - the music used has a very high pitch and is very fast as implying that the youngest has to make up his mind quickly. This creates suspense on the viewer since it makes us wonder what will he choose, ignore the man or make friends with him.

0:16 - 0:20 - The music pauses and the youngest grabs his phone, this leaves the view confused on what is happening, they start thinking that he decided on ignoring the old man, which would be very shocking because it would not follow the natural order of mainstream media in where usually they would become friends instantly, this is something unexpected and pulls the viewers attention.

0:25-0:27 - The music starts playing aging, it has a very repetitive rhythm, each interval is grater than the one before, like if we were approaching the climax of this short interaction between this two men.

0:28 - the repetitive music is gone and a cheerfully melody is introduced, this melody makes the viewer think that there will be a happy conclusion, which proves to be correct since. the older man receives a text message form the youngest that his friend request has been approved.

0:37-0:40 - after the youngest drinks the coke he puts it down and a text shows up next to the bottle which reads "share a coke with..." and the label of the bottle which previously said friend changes to dad, dude, bro etc. This implies to the viewer that coke is meant to be shared no only to create bonds with others as seen through the commercial, but it is also used to strengthen bonds between people you hold very close to you, as if implying that when sharing a coke there is no boundaries between people.

0:01- two men sitting in a train, the train implies that they are from different places traveling somewhere. They have different ethnicities and backgrounds

Abuse can start as early as infancy and continue to affect the child into adulthood.

I was correct when I said that I think the lack of nurture as a child and the lack of parents affect my confidence and the way that I view relationships.

Childhood is where you begin to develop confidence... think self soothing. When they don't fear things continuously they feel same and they feel secure.

Stalking Cat is open to the idea of a relationship, especially with a cat girl by far, which may exist but they haven't met them. It requires a very deep bond, and it's difficult to deny that bond to a given animal, so I imagine it might be difficult to sustain a non cat-cat relationship.

There's also the issue of not having enough time to sustain a relationship, as much time is spent pursuing body modifications.

Smith-Keiling, Beverly L., Archana Sharma, Sheritta M. Fagbodun, Harsimranjit K. Chahal, Keyaira Singleton, Hari Gopalakrishnan, Katrina E. Paleologos, et al. “Starting the Conversation: Initial Listening and Identity Approaches to Community Cultural Wellness,.” Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education 21, no. 1 (April 10, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v21i1.2073.

The difference is if listing egocentric stuff (I'm impressive and I feel better than others, I feel worthy for myself itself) or listing qualities that influence the surrounding world (I do social work to help refugees, I published a theory to improve the current state of philosophy, I completed a project or a school, I created something that now generates some kind of value).

The Replication Creators are creative just for themselves, so they get just short-term rewards.

The Skilled Creators are creative for the sharing with the others, so they get long-term rewards.

Establishing relationships is key. One way to build trust is to share why you are asking students to do something, and how it applies to them not just in the course but in real life. This also could lead to motivation...

how Boutwell views his relationship with the Ojibwe

Hall and Boutwell think the Natives will take kindly to the White settlers

Poguoch Inini stays with Mr. H to pray to the Natives in their own language (but not their religion)

the expedition has a religious interpreter - Poguoch Inini

one of the leaders of the expedition (Mr. C) is known to the Natives as their "Father"

Native "village at the mouth of the Antin-agon" - the chief raised an american flag and the young men saluted with muskets as the expedition approached

no animosity reported

We can help to guide our students through their mistakes ad hardships by being supportive and encouraging. Building a positive relationship with them is very meaningful and lucrative to setting up their learning environment.

When we understand our student's interests and build relationships with them, we can help them to love learning. We can do this collectively with our classes and we can do it with each student individually.

Dating apps are changing the norm of meeting people in real life to 'e-meeting' and causing a whole host of problems. People are able to create their ideal image on their virtual profiles which may not be an accurate representation of who they are in real life. A new phenomenon in the virtual dating world known as 'cat fishing' is now taking place. This is where people create a fake profile and trick others online to thinking they are some one else - often the Cat Fish is known to the unsuspecting victim

Letters have been used throughout the text to add detail and action to the narrative. It would be interesting to create some kind of network connecting the senders and receivers of the letters and see which characters are the receivers and relayers of the information they provide. I would imagine Mr. Betteridge would be a major hub, but I think it would be interesting to see how they all connect and relate.

The space between individuals is where the social capital resides. Where peer pressure occurs. Where norms are exchanged and regulated. It is an important space :-)!

While traditional social science focuses on the characteristics of the individual, SNA takes the idea of social pressure and social forces seriously and analyzes the space in between individuals, i.e. the 'air'.

I find this statement to be eerily ironic given america currently

Being that humans need to produce use-able goods from their natural environment, we must rely on the collective strength and ability of their community. Many people are involved in the labor process in production, thus, production creates social relationships.

This is a way of looking at class structure. In capitilistc society that we live in labor is extracted from the proletariat at the lowest possible costs for economic interest ( pay only enough to keep the proletariat alive and productive). Marx predicts the proletariat will drvie a change to communism from the capitalism

Marx proposes that history is made of up stages driven by class conflict where there is an ownership class which controls the means of production and a lower class that thus provides labor for production. One class is thus exploiting another class. When these two come into conflict it leads to social change.

Storyteller connection

changing relationships

This is most certainly true and I often sense a strain on those who strongly believe this to imagine how technology can really benefit. It is almost seen as a zero sum game, with relationships at odds with "tech".

Go to chapter 5

What is Knowledge?

Translator's note: cf. EN "marriage" : PT "amarrar" 'to tie, to bind'

Impossible relationships

i.e. personal self/ephemeral self/worldly self with "higher Self"/eternal Self.

http://www.newmessage.org/the-message/volume-2/relationships-higher-purpose/your-relationship-with-yourself

putting people in jail make the family break the relationship they had

"Orientation" is a powerful concept here. At a seminar for Gestalt Coaching, participants were asked "How do you orient?" It's not only a question of how we get our bearings but also where they come from. I used to think I was oriented towards people and during that seminar I realized that it wasn't people, per se, it was relationships. Relationships both stimulated my most active curiosity and my deepest anxieties. So "Love" as an orientation speaks deeply to me. My content area (physical education) is my vehicle for building learning relationships with my students. Without the relationship, there is no learning.

Mundy, B. "Spain and the Imperial Ideology of Mapping" in The Mapping of New Spain. Indigenous Cartography and the Maps of the Relaciones Geográficas. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1996

While Mundy’s approach to the production of maps in the Spanish empire centers on the figure of the king and his connection to territories near and far from him, she does so in order to exemplify the way man in 16th-century Europe positioned himself within the world. Through this view, for example, the maps serve as a way for Phillip II to legitimate his rule over the empire, especially in the New World territories.

Mundy's research questions explore why different/varied methods of representation were important in the 16th-century European context (i.e. choreographic vs. geographic maps), and how these translated into understanding space in New World from an Old World perspective.

In order to answer her main questions, she examines two mapping commissions ordered by Phillip II and carried out by Anton van den Wyngaerde and Pedro de Esquivel. She identifies the distinct methods of representation used by the artists taking into account the broader historical and geographical context that would eventually influence the way the territories in the New Spain would be represented, as happened with the creation of the Relaciones Geograficas in New Spain.

Mundy effectively help us understand the significance of mapping (along with the different methodologies of doing so) from a conceptual as well as a methodological point of view. Her analysis, as well as contextualization of the van den Wyngaerde and Esquivel maps offers a glimpse onto the conceptual frame that informed Europe’s initial understanding of the New World as part of the greater whole that was the Spanish empire. However, as she stresses the importance of the tangible nature of the lands (at least through maps), her visual examples become limited as she only provides an example of Esquivel’s work. It would have been very useful to compare it to the work of van den Wyngaerde (the distinction between choreographic and geographic maps remained unclear without a visual aid).

Mundy's contribution lies in prompting us to think about different ways of engaging with space, and what that engagement signifies within a given context (i.e. for Phillip II, engaging his New World possessions through visual representations of the maps legitimized his status as king given that he could not physically rule overseas, thus he still has control over this space).

“In both kinds of maps [van den Wyngaerde’s and Esquivel’s], man defines his relation to the world through his ability to measure it” (Mundy, 4)

The "four horsemen of the apocalypse" for romantic relationships; relationships featuring all four of these traits have a 92% chance of ending in 10 years.

Maybe instead of actually building things that provide privacy, creating a societal structure that respects the need for privacy..?

Is this a direct relationship?

"I love you. No big deal."