PatientID: 48

KindredID: 15

Case: F, 19Y0M, Chinese

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Proband (patient 42) has four family members confirmed with the mutation, and two family members who passed away before diagnosis/ genetic confirmation of the mutation. Family members confirmed with the mutation include: the proband's daughter (patient 43) who had retinal angioma (age 17), renal cell carcinoma (21), multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors (18), and a pheochromocytoma (19). His son (patient 44) who was asymptomatic at the time of assessment. His niece 1 (patient 47) who had a retinal angioma and renal cell carcinoma (22). And his niece 2 (patient 28) who had a CNS hemangioblastoma (19) and a retinal angioma (18). Family members who passed away before diagnosis and were not genetically confirmed include: his sister (oatient 45) who had a CNS hemangioblastoma (22), and his brother (patient 46) who had a retinal angioma and renal cell carcinoma at 52.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0010797 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: The proband's niece 2 (patient 48) had a retinal angioma at 18 and a CNS hemangioblastoma at 19.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0002666; HP:0005584 (Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Pheochromocytoma, Renal cell carcinoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

Variant: p.S80Tfs*77 (c.239_245del)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: CA913189246; https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.239_245del

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

CivicName: S80fs (c.239_245del)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: 250

KindredID: 96

Case: M, 23Y0M, Chinese

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 250) presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 23, retinal angioma at 17, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 19. His mother (patient 251) presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at age 43, retinal angioma at 35, renal cell carcinoma/multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 44.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0001737; HP:0001732 (Hemangioblastoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas)

CaseHPOFreeText: The proband (patient 250) presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 23, retinal angioma at 17, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 19.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0005584 (Pheochromocytoma, Renal cell carcinoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

Variant: Exon 1 Deletion (c.1-?_340+?del)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: exon_loss_variant

CivicName: Exon 1 Deletion

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: 43

KindredID: 15

Case: F , 21Y0M, Chinese

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Proband (patient 42) has four family members confirmed with the mutation, and two family members who passed away before diagnosis/ genetic confirmation of the mutation. Family members confirmed with the mutation include: the proband's daughter (patient 43) who had retinal angioma (age 17), renal cell carcinoma (21), multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors (18), and a pheochromocytoma (19). His son (patient 44) who was asymptomatic at the time of assessment. His niece 1 (patient 47) who had a retinal angioma and renal cell carcinoma (22). And his niece 2 (patient 28) who had a CNS hemangioblastoma (19) and a retinal angioma (18). Family members who passed away before diagnosis and were not genetically confirmed include: his sister (oatient 45) who had a CNS hemangioblastoma (22), and his brother (patient 46) who had a retinal angioma and renal cell carcinoma at 52.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0001737; HP:0001732; HP:0005584; HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas, Renal cell carcinoma, Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseHPOFreeText: The proband's daughter (patient 43) presented with retinal angioma at 17, multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 18, pheochromocytoma at 19, and renal cell carcinoma at 21.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797 (Hemangioblastoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

Variant: p.S80Tfs*77 (c.239_245del)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: CA913189246; https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.239_245del

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

CivicName: S80fs (c.239_245del)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: nephew

KindredID: C

Case: M, 19Y0M, Chinese

DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

FamilyInfo: Family history is positive. Patient’s mother and aunt all had the splice mutation, two with CNS hemangioblastomas and one with adnexal papillary cystadenoma of probable mesonephric origin phenotypes.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0002666 (hemangioblastoma, pheochromocytoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: Patient had hemangioblastoma of the CNS diagnosed at 19Y, and pheochromocytoma first at 14Y

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: c.340+5G>C

LegacyVariant: c.553+5G>C

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 36901, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/36901/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.01119 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183876-G-C

VariantEvidence: This variant’s large allele frequency means this is likely non disease causing (not deleterious).

MutationType: splice_site_variant

CivicName: Splice Region (c.340+5G>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID: 20

Case: 19Y0M, Sex Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: retinal capillary hemangioma

FamilyInfo: 1 of the 573 patients discussed in this paper were found to have this variant. This mutation was found in 1 VHL family with a single patient.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseHPOFreeText: patient had retinal angiomas diagnosed at 19Y

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666; HP:0006880 (renal cell carcinoma; pheochromocytoma; cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1.

Variant: p.T124Hfs*35 (c.369delG)

LegacyVariant: p.Thr124Hisfs*35 (c.367delG)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: c.367delG automaps to c.369delG - most up to date transcript

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: CA432421810 http://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.369delG

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

CivicName: T124fs (c.369del)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: None

KindredID: 1

Case: M, 32Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

FamilyInfo: Many of the patient’s family members developed lesions in sites suggesting VHL including multiple central nervous system tumours (probable hemangioblastomas), renal tumours (probable renal cell carcinomas), pancreatic tumours (probable cysts and neuroendocrine tumours), temporal bone tumours (probable ELST), and some of the family members have lost their sight because of retinal detachment (probably in the case of retinal haemangiomas). However, the diagnosis of VHL has not been established in the family. Two of his children were also found to have the NM_000551.3:c.194C>T(S65L) mutation after analysis of blood samples.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030393; HP:0010797; HP:0009711 (Endolymphatic sac tumour, hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had a history of left facial nerve palsy at the age of 19 years due to tumour of the temporal bone with a recurrence two years later (at 21Y). The patient was originally histopathologically diagnosed with choroid plexus papilloma, but was re-diagnosed with an endolymphatic sac tumour on reexamination of the sample. Three years later (24Y) the patient developed ataxia because of a cerebellar tumour that was histopathologically diagnosed as hemangioblastoma. He had a recurrence two years later (26Y). He also had a history of retinal capillary angioma.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.S65L (c.194C>T)

LegacyVariant: p.S65L (c.407C>T)

ClinVarID: 182975, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182975/

gnomAD: 0.000, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183725-C-T

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: S65L(c.194C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: 8

KindredID: 8

Case: M, 27Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

FamilyInfo: Positive family history for VHL.

CohortInfo: An international consortium registered patients with head and neck paragangliomas with VHL or RET gene mutations.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0005584; HP:0002668; HP:0001737; HP:0002666 (retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, paraganglioma, pancreatic cysts, pheochromocytoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: At 19Y (in 1997), he presented with headaches, ophthalmological examination showed a right retinal hemangioblastoma (treated by laser). 5 years later (age 24Y) he had a right nephrectomy and left nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma. Age 27, a palpable mass on the left side of the neck. CT and MRI revealed a 4-cm carotid body tumor (paraganglioma). The patient also has pancreatic cysts. 

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: MRI scan from case presenting headaches showed a normal CNS

CasePreviousTesting: RET

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: exon 2-3 deletion

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: exon_loss_variant

CivicName: EXON 2-3 DELETION

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: 109

KindredID: 37

Case: M, 20Y0M, Chinese

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: N/A

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0001732 (Hemangioblastoma, Renal cell carcinoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas)

CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 19, renal cell carcinoma and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 20.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002666 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pheochromocytoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in an earlier paper by Wang et al., 2014 (PMID 24581539) as well as a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

Variant: p.S111Tfs*48 (c.332delG)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: CA913189247; https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.332delG

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

CivicName: S111fs (c.332del)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: 125 (Second cousin)

KindredID: 18

Case: F, 52Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: 11 members of this family tested positive for the c.712C>T/c.499C>T germline variant of the VHL gene. 14 members of this family were assumed to carry this variant due to family history/personal medical history. Members of this family range from asymptomatic to multi-organ involvement (pheochromocytoma, pancreatic and renal cysts/tumors and hemangioblastomas). The family was previously reported in PMID 3942913.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002666; HP:0005584 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Pheochromocytoma, Renal cell carcinoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: This patient presented with retinal angioma (19Y). Age of diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and renal cell carcinoma is unknown.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0000077; HP:0001732; HP:0010797 (Abnormality of the kidney, Abnormality of the pancreas, Hemangioblastoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: 3942913 (some members of this family are previously reported (phenotypes only) but unable to match patients across papers with confidence)

SupplementalData: Supplementary Table 1.

Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

LegacyVariant: c.712C>T

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

VariantEvidence: A point mutation (c.712C>T) was found. Being that this variant is out of bound with respect to the NM_000551.3 reference sequence, it was concluded that this variant is noted in the Latif et al. (1993) reference and was translated to c.499C>T (NM_000551.3).

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

The speaker, by giving specific male figures, mentions the inequality of gender. Men can have many wives. However, why can women marry five times? The speaker wants to break the social inequality. In modern society, this kind of resistance to established social norms can be described as social disobedience.

PatientID: None

KindredID: 1

Case: M, 19Y0M, Caucasian

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: The patient had a son who was asymptomatic but had the VHL gene mutation. The patient's brother (the proband) had the VHL mutation and presented with hypertension, renal cell carcinoma, papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis, renal cyst, and pancreatic cysts. The patient’s father died of renal cell carcinoma at the age of 49. The patient's mother had uterine cancer, the paternal grandmother died at age 92 years of pancreatic cancer, a paternal grandfather died at age 52 years from lung cancer, and the paternal grandfather’s nephew had been diagnosed with a brain tumor. Refer to pedigree at Figure 3.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009713 (Spinal hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: The patient had spinal hemangioblastomas at age 19.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.P86L (c.257C>T)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

LegacyVariant: p.P86L (c.470C>T)

ClinVarID: 182977 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/182977/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant; transition

CivicName: P86L (c.257C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: III:9

KindredID: 1

Case: F, 25Y, Spanish

DiseaseAssertion: pheochromocytoma

FamilyInfo: Spanish family of 15 members studied, over 2 generations. 6 members had VHL presentations, 1 was a carrier, and 4 others had the mutation, while 2 were not sequenced. This patient’s sister was a carrier, while her mother mother, uncle, and cousins were affected.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: First studied at 19Y, she had a bilateral tumor accumulation (Right, 6cm and Left 4cm).

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0009711 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: Brain MRI and CT-scans were normal, and no signs of retinal angiomas were present.

CasePreviousTesting: RET

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

LegacyVariant: p.R238T, C>T

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: 1

KindredID: 1

Case: M, 31Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Mother with the same variant and presented with breast cancer at age 46 and cerebellar hemangioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma both at age 54. Maternal grandfather (id: 3) presented with cerebellar hemangioblastoma at age 65. Maternal great-uncle (id: 4) presented with prostate cancer at age 65. Maternal great-grandfather (id: 5) presented with cerebellar hemangioblastomas at age 69. Maternal grandmother and sister did not have the mutation. His maternal grandfather was not tested. No family history of retinal capillary hemangiomas or pheochromocytoma.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0009713; HP:0005562 (Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, Spinal hemangioblastoma, Multiple renal cysts)

CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: Figure 1 (pedigree) and Table 1 (phenotype and age of onset data).

Variant: Exon 1 Deletion (c.1-?_340+?del)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: exon_loss_variant

CivicName: Exon 1 Deletion

MultipleGeneVariants: Germline, FANCD2, Partial Deletion

PatientID: None

KindredID: B

Case: M, 27Y0M, Hungarian

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: The parents of the patient rejected clinical and genetic screening, whereas clinical screening in a younger brother of the index patient revealed no abnormality.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0000107, HP:0001737, HP:0001901, HP:0006880 (retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cyst, pancreatic cysts, polycythemia, cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: Retina involvement presented at age 19. The patient had cerebellar hemangioma as well as renal and pancreatic cysts at the age of 27 years.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584, HP:0002666 (renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R161* (c.481C>T)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

LegacyVariant: N/A

ClinVarID: 2217 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2217/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: stop_gained

CivicName: R161* (c.481C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: 122

KindredID: 43

Case: F, Age 26Y0M, Chinese

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: The proband (patient 122) had a father who was genetically confirmed with the mutation. The patient's father presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 27, renal cell carcinoma at 48, and multiple pancreatic cysts/ tumors at 60.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0001737; HP:0001732 (Hemangioblastoma, Pancreatic cysts, Abnormality of the pancreas)

CaseHPOFreeText: The proband presented with a CNS hemangioblastoma at 19, and multiple pancreatic cysts/tumors at 26.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0005584; HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (Renal cell carcinoma, Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: This patient was also published in a later paper by Wang et al., 2018 (PMID: 29330336).

SupplementalData: Patient and family genotype-phenotype information is listed in Supplementary Table 1.

Variant: p.W117R (c.349T>A)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: CA351753664; https://reg.clinicalgenome.org/redmine/projects/registry/genboree_registry/allele?hgvsOrDescriptor=NM_000551.3%3Ac.349T%3EA

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

CivicName: W117R (c.349T>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: None

KindredID: 1

Case: F, 33Y0M, Japanese

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Her father and elder brother were also diagnosed with VHLD, with her father having a medical history of two surgical resections for pancreatic NET and associated metastatic recurrence in the liver.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405, HP:0009713, HP:0005584, HP:0010797 (Pancreatic endocrine tumor, Spinal hemangioblastoma, Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: She first developed multiple solid tumors of the pancreas at age 27 and they continued to grow until she was referred to the institute at age 33. She had a pancreatic endocrine tumour at age 14. At age 19, she had hemangiomas of the fourth ventricle and cervical spinal cord and a renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney treated by nephrectomy at 30 years of age.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

VariantEvidence: Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A.

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: N/A (case)

KindredID: 1

Case: F, 19Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Non-consanguineous parental relationship; second child; no mention of VHL in the family.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0001713; HP:0002039; HP:0001824 (Hemangioblastoma; pancreatic cysts; anorexia; weight loss)

CaseHPOFreeText: Healthy from birth, this patient was referred to a psychiatric inpatient at 19Y with the weight loss and weakness, and the suspicion on anorexia nervosa. AN was not met according to the DSM-5 or ICD-10 (despite anorexic tendencies). There were also no tendencies towards an eating disorder. Patient developed progressive gait abnormality, along with bilateral dysmetria. MRI revealed a massive lesion with vascular characteristics suggestive of a HB in the fourth ventricle causing hypertensive hydrocephalus. Abdominal CT scan revealed cystic lesions throughout the parenchymatous portion of the pancreas, suspected to be related to VHLs. Together, supported the diagnosis of VHL. The patient underwent surgery of the brain, and radiotherapy which proved to work in small degrees.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: All blood tests, urinalysis and chest X‑ray were unremarkable. She also had no pheochromocytoma.

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R161* (c.481C>T)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2217 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2217/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: stop_gained

CivicName: R161* (c.481C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

Charles Anderson discovers dragonflies that cross oceans<br /> TED on YouTube

Lawrence Lessig: Fixing the Republic

Recommended by TB

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Corporation_(2003_film)<br /> The Corporation (Zeitgeist Films, 2003)

PatientID: 10

KindredID: 10

Case: M, 22Y0M, Caucasian

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Positive family history.

CohortInfo: Case series of 14 patients with definite or presumed von Hippel-Lindau disease and retinal vascular proliferation.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002011, HP:0001732, HP:0007850, HP:0012210, HP:0009711 (Morphological central nervous system abnormality, abnormality of the pancreas, retinal vascular proliferation, abnormal renal morphology, retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseHPOFreeText: At age 12, his left eye had a large juxtapapillary vascular complex extending from the nerve along the superior arcade that was associated with dense fibrovascular tissue. During the next 29 months, this fibrovascular complex enlarged, extending into the center of the macula and causing a decrease in visual acuity to 20/80. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peel. When the patient was reexamined 7 years after his surgery, there was no recurrence of the lesion. In the patient's contralateral right eye, 3 typical peripheral RCHs were observed during this 7-year follow-up. At age 14 years, he was also noted to have a small patch of superficial retinal vessels in the inferior retinal quadrant near the equator of the right eye that resembled an arteriovenous anastomosis.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: Partial Deletion

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: N/A

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: deletion

CivicName:Null (Partial deletion)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

Autoantibodies (AABs) have been identified in advanced Covid, laboratory models of Covid-19 utilizing S-protein fragments. The concept that addressing the AABs is a therapeutic target is reasonable, but falls short of addressing the host-targets, the ubiquitous and critical neuroreceptors that have been rendered dysfunctional by these AABs. The a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (a7Rs) rendered dysfunctional are no longer capable of stabilizing the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. In our clinical experience, supported with laboratory collaborations, re-establishing a7R function plays a significant role in both acute COVID-19 as well as Post-Acute Sequelae of Covid. Focusing on therapeutics for Abs 1 or Abs2 appears to be just as short-sighted for PASC as it was for using Monoclonal Abs, IL-6 inhibitors, antivirals for acute COVID-19. The focus should be entirely on the host - targets, the a7Rs and enabling the host's CAP. Ref: doi: 10.1016/biocel.2024.106519

https://www.flickr.com/photos/sandbaggerone/shares/1CnSoit5E7/

Some custom painted Olivetti typewriters in a Star Wars theme

Via Chad Kohalyk at https://micro.blog/chadkoh/83449602

created: 2026-01-24T11:50:31 (UTC -08:00) tags: [] source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/281488/number-of-deaths-in-the-united-kingdom-uk/ author:

UK annual number of deaths 202<br /> by [[Statista]]<br /> accessed on 2026-01-24T11:50:31

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MSH:Infant,Newborn

IsUpdate

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HasProtocol

LivingReviews:Protocol

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Revisar

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Esta no es solo una actualización es una errata, cómo debo tratar esto

LivingReviews:Protocol

https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q91945676

https://osf.io/9mdk8

LivingReviews:Protocol

Revisar

IsUpdate

LivingReviews:Protocol

LivingReviews:Protocol

IsUpdate 2021

https://hyp.is/0JC6cIdyEfCS6ks5s2WWJQ/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511471/

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NoClearUpdate

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IsUpdate 2020

https://hyp.is/O8MWAI3jEfCnyrfYqv_BSA/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32705860/

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NoClearUpdate

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NoClearUpdate

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HasUpdates

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37260086/

Tiene Updates

ToDo

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LivingReviews:Protocol

LivingReviews:Protocol

Tiene updates?

Escrito en italiano

https://www.recentiprogressi.it/archivio/3565/articoli/35458/

LivingReviews/Plataform https://www.deplazio.net/farmacicovid/

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Tiene muchas actualizaciones

Update of Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a rapid review. Valk SJ, Piechotta V, Chai KL, Doree C, Monsef I, Wood EM, Lamikanra A, Kimber C, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt LJ, Skoetz N. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 14;5(5):CD013600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 10;7:CD013600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600.pub2. PMID: 32406927 Free PMC article. 189 2 189 0 Similar articles Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review. Chai KL, Valk SJ, Piechotta V, Kimber C, Monsef I, Doree C, Wood EM, Lamikanra AA, Roberts DJ, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt LJ, Skoetz N. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Oct 12;10:CD013600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600.pub3. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 20;5:CD013600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600.pub4. PMID: 33044747 158 7 56 0 Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a living systematic review. Piechotta V, Iannizzi C, Chai KL, Valk SJ, Kimber C, Dorando E, Monsef I, Wood EM, Lamikanra AA, Roberts DJ, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt LJ, Skoetz N. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 20;5(5):CD013600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600.pub4. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Feb 1;2:CD013600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600.pub5. PMID: 34013969 Free PMC article. 193 4 81 0 Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a rapid review. Valk SJ, Piechotta V, Chai KL, Doree C, Monsef I, Wood EM, Lamikanra A, Kimber C, McQuilten Z, So-Osman C, Estcourt LJ, Skoetz N. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 14;5(5):CD013600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 10;7:CD013600. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600.pub2. PMID: 32406927 Free PMC article. 189 2 189 0 Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review. Stroehlein JK, Wallqvist J, Iannizzi C, Mikolajewska A, Metzendorf MI, Benstoem C, Meybohm P, Becker M, Skoetz N, Stegemann M, Piechotta V. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 24;5(5):CD015043. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015043. PMID: 34029377 Free PMC article. 116 2 88 2 Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19. Ansems K, Grundeis F, Dahms K, Mikolajewska A, Thieme V, Piechotta V, Metzendorf MI, Stegemann M, Benstoem C, Fichtner F. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Aug 5;8(8):CD014962. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014962. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jan 25;1:CD014962. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014962.pub2. PMID: 34350582 Free PMC article. 209 0 97 2

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LivingReviews/Plataform www.covid19lnma.com

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Updates

https://www.bmj.com/content/379/bmj.o2865 2022