- Last 7 days
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Klein, B., Generous, N., Chinazzi, M., Bhadricha, Z., Gunashekar, R., Kori, P., Li, B., McCabe, S., Green, J., Lazer, D., Marsicano, C. R., Scarpino, S. V., & Vespignani, A. (2021). Higher education responses to COVID-19 in the United States: Evidence for the impacts of university policy (p. 2021.10.07.21264419). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.07.21264419
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Yates, K. (2021, October 21). Britain’s Covid numbers show we need to move immediately to ‘plan B.’ The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/oct/21/britain-covid-numbers-plan-b-data
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Sparrow, A. (2021, October 21). UK Covid: Over 50,000 cases reported for first time since July as Johnson rejects calls to move to ‘plan B’ – as it happened. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2021/oct/21/uk-covid-coronavirus-live-news-plan-b-lockdown-vaccines
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www.smh.com.au www.smh.com.au
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Alexander, H. (2021, October 21). How a false science ‘cure’ became Australia’s contribution to the pandemic. The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/national/how-a-false-science-cure-became-australia-s-contribution-to-the-pandemic-20211013-p58zp3.html
Tags
- drug
- dread
- cure
- is:article
- testing
- laboratory
- death
- false science
- scientist
- ivermectin
- lang:en
- COVID-19
- pandemic
- overdose
- Australia
- contribution
Annotators
URL
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- Oct 2021
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www.ft.com www.ft.com
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Barnes, O., & Payne, S. (2021, October 15). Covid testing suspended at private UK lab over potentially inaccurate results. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/bee7bdde-e37b-4411-afd5-1e8ceacfa5f8
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www.bbc.co.uk www.bbc.co.uk
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Covid: Lateral flow tests more accurate than first thought, study finds—BBC News. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-58899612
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Mahase, E. (2021). Covid-19: Antibody levels fall after second Pfizer dose, but protection against severe disease remains, studies indicate. BMJ, 375, n2481. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2481
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Beaumont, P. (2021, September 16). Which countries are enforcing mandatory Covid jabs – and how? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/16/which-countries-enforcing-mandatory-covid-vaccination
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Yee, A. (n.d.). COVID’s Outsize Impact on Asian Americans Is Being Ignored. Scientific American. Retrieved May 14, 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covids-outsize-impact-on-asian-americans-is-being-ignored/
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- Sep 2021
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Wise, J. (2021). Winter is coming—But will the gloomiest forecasts come to pass? BMJ, 374, n2357. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2357
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Weiss, D. J., & Shanteau, J. (2021). The futility of decision making research. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 90, 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.08.018
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www.whitehouse.gov www.whitehouse.gov
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FACT SHEET: President Biden’s Global COVID-19 Summit: Ending the Pandemic and Building Back Better. (2021, September 22). The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/22/fact-sheet-president-bidens-global-covid-19-summit-ending-the-pandemic-and-building-back-better/
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Sadeque, S. (2021, September 15). Nearly all Fox staffers vaccinated for Covid even as hosts cast doubt on vaccine. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/sep/15/fox-news-vaccines-testing-tucker-carlson
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America Needs an Operation Warp Speed for Rapid COVID Testing. (n.d.). Time. Retrieved 13 September 2021, from https://time.com/6096528/operation-warp-speed-covid-19-testing/
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Covid-19: 90% of adults in Republic of Ireland now fully vaccinated. (2021, September 10). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58522792
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Ranney, O. by M. (n.d.). Opinion: Biden’s six-point Covid plan leaves some holes. CNN. Retrieved 13 September 2021, from https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/10/opinions/holes-in-bidens-six-point-covid-plan-ranney/index.html
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testing-library.com testing-library.com
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though we recommend Jest as our preference, the library works with any framework
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www.npmjs.com www.npmjs.com
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The more your tests resemble the way your software is used, the more confidence they can give you.
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- Aug 2021
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Denise Dewald, MD 🗽. (2021, August 12). Here are some modeling predictions for the delta variant from COVSIM (group at North Carolina State): PLEASE CHECK THIS OUT - RESOURCES TO SHARE WITH YOUR SCHOOL DISTRICT School-level COVID-19 Modeling Results for North Carolina for #DeltaVariant https://t.co/zU5hB9bKlY [Tweet]. @denise_dewald. https://twitter.com/denise_dewald/status/1425626289399009288
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app.tophat.com app.tophat.com
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NEW SECTION: What is Money?
Test annotation
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- Jul 2021
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audiovisual.ec.europa.eu audiovisual.ec.europa.eu
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EC AV PORTAL. (n.d.). Retrieved 29 July 2021, from https://audiovisual.ec.europa.eu/en/video/I-202865
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Abbasi, K. (2020). Covid-19: Politicisation, “corruption,” and suppression of science. BMJ, 371, m4425. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4425
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Pisani, J. (2021, July 9). Amazon to end testing for COVID-19 at warehouses this month. King5.Com. https://www.king5.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/amazon-to-stop-covid-testing/507-63caa9ee-3a30-49af-b2cd-1851637f1807
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www.independent.co.uk www.independent.co.uk
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Chao-Fong, L. (2021, July 20). Lateral flow Covid tests run out on day lockdown is fully lifted | The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/lateral-flow-test-run-out-b1886589.html
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docs.pytest.org docs.pytest.org
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Fixtures are created when first requested by a test, and are destroyed based on their scope: function: the default scope, the fixture is destroyed at the end of the test.
Fixtures can be executed in 5 different scopes, where function is the default one:
- function
- class
- module
- package
- session
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When pytest goes to run a test, it looks at the parameters in that test function’s signature, and then searches for fixtures that have the same names as those parameters. Once pytest finds them, it runs those fixtures, captures what they returned (if anything), and passes those objects into the test function as arguments.
What happens when we include fixtures in our testing code
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“Fixtures”, in the literal sense, are each of the arrange steps and data. They’re everything that test needs to do its thing.
To remind, the tests consist of 4 steps:
- Arrange
- Act
- Assert
- Cleanup
(pytest) fixtures are generally the arrange (set up) operations that need to be performed before the act (running the tests. However, fixtures can also perform the act step.
Tags
Annotators
URL
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www.jpost.com www.jpost.com
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More than 1,000 Israelis test positive for COVID - The Jerusalem Post. (n.d.). Retrieved July 18, 2021, from https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/for-first-time-since-march-855-new-coronavirus-cases-in-israel-674084
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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Testing at GitLab is a first class citizen, not an afterthought. It’s important we consider the design of our tests as we do the design of our features.
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test-prof.evilmartians.io test-prof.evilmartians.ioTestProf1
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medium.com medium.com
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It’s fun but when would we ever use things like this in actual code?When it’s well tested, commented, documented, and becomes an understood idiom of your code base.We focus so much on black magic and avoiding it that we rarely have a chance to enjoy any of the benefits. When used responsibly and when necessary, it gives a lot of power and expressiveness.
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bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com
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Drury, John, Guanlan Mao, Ann John, Atiya Kamal, G. James Rubin, Clifford Stott, Tushna Vandrevala, and Theresa M. Marteau. ‘Behavioural Responses to Covid-19 Health Certification: A Rapid Review’. BMC Public Health 21, no. 1 (24 June 2021): 1205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11166-0.
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seanacnet.com seanacnet.com
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SIT 是系統開發上的專有名詞 System integration testing 的縮寫
Tags
Annotators
URL
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- Jun 2021
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blogs.bmj.com blogs.bmj.com
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After restriction: Why the public can only fulfill its responsibilities if the government fulfills theirs—The BMJ. (n.d.). Retrieved June 30, 2021, from https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/06/29/after-restriction-why-the-public-can-only-fulfill-its-responsibilities-if-the-government-fulfills-theirs/?utm_campaign=shareaholic&utm_medium=twitter&utm_source=socialnetwork
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www.straitstimes.com www.straitstimes.com
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Living normally, with Covid-19: Task force ministers on how S’pore is drawing road map for new normal, Opinion News & Top Stories—The Straits Times. (n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2021, from https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/living-normally-with-covid-19
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Covid-19 jabs for staff “should be our call” say 58% of UK managers | Business | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/mar/17/covid-19-jabs-for-staff-should-be-our-call-say-58-of-uk-managers?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Christophe Fraser 💙 on Twitter: “Reading Cummings accounts of early creation of Test & Trace, a question I have is when and how it was morphed from aiming to find ~30 contacts per index case, needed to contain spread, into a service that contacts 2-4 contacts per index case, mostly within household.” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2021, from https://twitter.com/ChristoPhraser/status/1408454903249477632
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twitter.com twitter.com
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VicGovDH. (2021, June 8). Reported yesterday: 1 new local case, 0 new cases acquired overseas. Got symptoms? Get tested. - 19,533 vaccine doses administered—28,485 test results received More later: Https://t.co/lIUrl0ZEco #COVID19VicData #COVID19Vic https://t.co/wc5BUgm6OK [Tweet]. @VicGovDH. https://twitter.com/VicGovDH/status/1402398048232349698
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thoughtbot.com thoughtbot.com
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evilmartians.com evilmartians.com
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A lot of projects leveraging CDP appeared since then, including the most well-known one—Puppeteer, a browser automation library for Node.js. What about the Ruby world? Ferrum, a CDP library for Ruby, although being a pretty young one, provides a comparable to Puppeteer experience. And, what’s more important for us, it ships with a companion project called Cuprite—a pure Ruby Capybara driver using CDP.
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That’s not the only way of writing end-to-end tests in Rails. For example, you can use Cypress JS framework and IDE. The only reason stopping me from trying this approach is the lack of multiple sessions support, which is required for testing real-time applications (i.e., those with AnyCable 😉).
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Thus, by adding system tests, we increase the maintenance costs for development and CI environments and introduce potential points of failures or instability: due to the complex setup, flakiness is the most common problem with end-to-end testing. And most of this flakiness comes from communication with a browser.
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For example, Database Cleaner for a long time was a must-have add-on: we couldn’t use transactions to automatically rollback the database state, because each thread used its own connection; we had to use TRUNCATE ... or DELETE FROM ... for each table instead, which is much slower. We solved this problem by using a shared connection in all threads (via the TestProf extension). Rails 5.1 was released with a similar functionality out-of-the-box.
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In practice, we usually also need another tool to provide an API to control the browser (e.g., ChromeDriver).
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“System tests” is a common naming for automated end-to-end tests in the Rails world. Before Rails adopted this name, we used such variations as feature tests, browser tests
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even acceptance tests (though the latter are ideologically different)
Tags
- browser-based automated testing
- disadvantages/drawbacks/cons
- testing: stack: choosing
- Cuprite (Ruby)
- testing: end-to-end
- testing: database: wrapping tests in transaction
- testing: CDP-based
- Capybara
- naming
- distinction
- Cypress
- no longer needed
- naming convention
- limitations
- intermittent test failures (flaky tests)
- misnomer
- testing: system-level
- Chromedriver
- unfortunate limitations
- Ferrum (Ruby)
- advantages/merits/pros
- testing: acceptance tests
Annotators
URL
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github.com github.com
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Cuprite is a pure Ruby driver (read as no Selenium/WebDriver/ChromeDriver dependency) for Capybara.
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github.com github.com
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www.mutuallyhuman.com www.mutuallyhuman.com
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This is why for a recent Angular+Rails project we chose to use a testing stack from the backend technology’s ecosystem for e2e testing.
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We were not strictly blackbox testing our application. We wanted to simulate a user walking thru specific scenarios in the app which required that we have corresponding data in the database. This helps ensure integration between the frontend and backend was wired up successfully and would give us a foundation for testing critical user flows.
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There are times to stretch individually and as a team, but there are also times to take advantage of what you already know.
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When it came to testing the whole product, end-to-end, owning both sides gave us not only more options to consider, but also more tools to choose from.
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This meant that we owned both sides of the product implementation. For unit testing on the frontend, we stayed with Angular’s suggestion of Jasmine. For unit testing on the backend, we went with rspec-rails. These worked well since unit tests don’t need to cross technology boundaries.
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We used testing tools that were in the same ecosystem as our backend technology stack for primrily three reasons: We owned both ends of the stack Team experience Interacting with the database
Tags
- explaining why
- testing: stack: choosing
- testing: end-to-end
- how to choose a dependency/library/framework
- testing: clear-box testing
- people stick to what they know
- determining if something is an appropriate application / best tool for the job
- software stack: choosing: factors: familiarity/experience
- software stack: choosing
- using disparate technologies in a single project
- end-to-end testing
- key point
- testing: black-box testing
- testing: unit tests
- good advice
- official preferred convention / way to do something
- answer the "why?"
- rationale
- testing: stack
- officially recommended
- frontend vs. backend: owning both ends
Annotators
URL
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Rapid Covid tests used in mass UK programme get scathing US report | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/11/us-health-agency-gives-innova-lateral-flow-covid-tests-scathing-review
Tags
- intervention
- is:news
- UK
- accuracy
- mass testing
- Innova
- lateral flow
- risk
- concern
- government
- FDA
- lang:en
- COVID-19
- US Food and Drug Agency
- USA
- rapid COVID test
- data
Annotators
URL
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hacks.mozilla.org hacks.mozilla.org
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This poses a few problems for automation. In some environments, there may be no graphical display available, or it may be desirable to not have the browser appear at all when being controlled.
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browsersync.io browsersync.io
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github.com github.com
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Mocking is a form of global state like others (including ENV sharing), which will cause difficulties here (more with threads, a bit less with forks).
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about.gitlab.com about.gitlab.com
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www.mutuallyhuman.com www.mutuallyhuman.com
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I’m going to add the API Server as an actor to my first test sequence to give some granularity as to what I’m actually testing.
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For features like websocket interactions, a single full-stack smoke test is almost essential to confirm that things are going as planned, even if the individual parts of the interaction are also covered by unit tests.
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github.com github.com
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Why does test suite performance matter? First of all, testing is a part of a developer's feedback loop (see @searls talk) and, secondly, it is a part of a deployment cycle.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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How to test at the correct level?
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As many things in life, deciding what to test at each level of testing is a trade-off:
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Unit tests are usually cheap, and you should consider them like the basement of your house
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A system test is often better than an integration test that is stubbing a lot of internals.
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Only test the happy path, but make sure to add a test case for any regression that couldn’t have been caught at lower levels with better tests (for example, if a regression is found, regression tests should be added at the lowest level possible).
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White-box tests at the system level (formerly known as System / Feature tests)
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GitLab is transitioning from controller specs to request specs.
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These kind of tests ensure that individual parts of the application work well together, without the overhead of the actual app environment (i.e. the browser). These tests should assert at the request/response level: status code, headers, body. They’re useful to test permissions, redirections, what view is rendered etc.
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These tests should be isolated as much as possible. For example, model methods that don’t do anything with the database shouldn’t need a DB record. Classes that don’t need database records should use stubs/doubles as much as possible.
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Black-box tests at the system level (aka end-to-end or QA tests)
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White-box tests at the system level (aka system or feature tests)
Tags
- testing: integration tests
- happy path
- testing: what is worth testing?
- testing: what to test
- testing: end-to-end
- testing: levels of tests
- name changes
- testing: clear-box testing
- regression testing
- testing: levels of tests: prefer lower-level tests when possible
- testing: types of tests
- testing: levels of tests: higher level better than stubbing a lot of internals
- testing: Rails: controller tests
- testing: white-box testing
- end-to-end testing
- testing: unit tests
- good advice
- testing: system-level
- GitLab
- falling out of favor
- testing: speed of tests: avoid doing unnecessary work
- testing: levels of tests: how to test at the correct level?
- guidelines
- newer/better ways of doing things
Annotators
URL
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Levels
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White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of software testing that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing)
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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A common cause of a large number of created factories is factory cascades, which result when factories create and recreate associations.
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Test speed GitLab has a massive test suite that, without parallelization, can take hours to run. It’s important that we make an effort to write tests that are accurate and effective as well as fast.
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:js is particularly important to avoid. This must only be used if the feature test requires JavaScript reactivity in the browser. Using a headless browser is much slower than parsing the HTML response from the app.
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Use Factory Doctor to find cases where database persistence is not needed in a given test.
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:clean_gitlab_redis_cache which provides a clean Redis cache to the examples.
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Time returned from a database can differ in precision from time objects in Ruby, so we need flexible tolerances when comparing in specs. We can use be_like_time to compare that times are within one second of each other.
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Parameterized tests
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This style of testing is used to exercise one piece of code with a comprehensive range of inputs. By specifying the test case once, alongside a table of inputs and the expected output for each, your tests can be made easier to read and more compact.
Tags
- testing: speed of tests
- testing: speed of tests: avoid doing unnecessary work
- testing: clearing cache
- testing: parameterized tests
- testing: comprehensiveness (testing all possible/representative cases)
- testing: tolerance for small differences (precision)
- test factory: problems: factory cascades
- precision
Annotators
URL
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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As an example you might create 5 issues in between counts, which would cause the query count to increase by 5 if an N+1 problem exists.
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QueryRecorder is a tool for detecting the N+1 queries problem from tests.
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www.baeldung.com www.baeldung.com
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One such feature is parameterized tests. This feature enables us to execute a single test method multiple times with different parameters.
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gitlab.com gitlab.com
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In Jest we are currently running all tests in JSDOM and not in a browser. This implies that certain scenarios cannot be tested or behave differently than in the real application.
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gitlab.com gitlab.com
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Move it to Jest. This potentially requires extending our jsdom mocked browser environment. Move it to RSpec. This will probably require us changing our perspective to a use-case oriented one. We just want to make sure we have the same value coverage.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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We should test for events emitted in response to an action in our component. This is used to verify the correct events are being fired with the correct arguments.
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Do not test the internal implementation of the child components:
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Test we react correctly to any events emitted from child components:
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Test any directive that defines if/how child component is rendered (for example, v-if and v-for).
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A rule of thumb is that data should just be data - it is not recommended to observe objects with their own stateful behavior.
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Although each method of a Vue component can be tested individually, our goal is to test the output of the render function, which represents the state at all times.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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Global mocks introduce magic and technically can reduce test coverage.
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Manual mocks are used to mock modules across the entire Jest environment. This is a very powerful testing tool that helps simplify unit testing by mocking out modules which cannot be easily consumed in our test environment.
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Jest provides useful matchers like toHaveLength or toBeUndefined to make your tests more readable and to produce more understandable error messages.
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targeting what the user actually sees
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hen selecting by text it is best to use the byRole query as it helps enforce accessibility best practices.
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The most important guideline to give is the following: Write clean unit tests if there is actual value in testing a complex piece of logic in isolation to prevent it from breaking in the future Otherwise, try to write your specs as close to the user’s flow as possible
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Another common gotcha is that the specs end up verifying the mock is working. If you are using mocks, the mock should support the test, but not be the target of the test.
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Don’t test the library
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Testing the hasMetricTypes computed prop would seem like a given here. But to test if the computed property is returning the length of metricTypes, is testing the Vue library itself. There is no value in this, besides it adding to the test suite.
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It’s better to test a component in the way the user interacts with it: checking the rendered template.
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Tags
- testing: test doubles/mocks/stubs/spies
- disadvantages/drawbacks/cons
- testing: what is worth testing?
- pragmatic
- magical
- testing
- rule of thumb
- testing: matchers: use specific, descriptive matchers
- readability
- accessibility
- frontend testing
- end-to-end testing
- testing: avoid over-testing: don't test your mock
- reasonable compromise
- testing: unit tests
- good advice
- GitLab
- best practices
- testing: avoid over-testing: don't test the library
- guidelines
- testing: tests should resemble the way your software is used
Annotators
URL
-
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Karlinsky, A., & Kobak, D. (2021). The World Mortality Dataset: Tracking excess mortality across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. MedRxiv, 2021.01.27.21250604. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.27.21250604
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Madhu Pai, MD, PhD on Twitter: “#COVID19 surge in Uganda looks ominous Vaccine coverage = 1.5% with 1 dose https://t.co/TRAjEVC59U” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://twitter.com/paimadhu/status/1401010082884853768
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clojure.org clojure.org
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Property-based, generative testing
In Python: https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
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Mahase, E. (2021). Covid-19: Is it safe to lift all restrictions in England from 21 June? BMJ, 373, n1399. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1399
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- May 2021
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science.sciencemag.org science.sciencemag.org
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García-Fiñana, M., & Buchan, I. E. (2021). Rapid antigen testing in COVID-19 responses. Science, 372(6542), 571–572. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6680
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Richardson, H. (2021). How waste water is helping South Africa fight COVID-19. Nature, 593(7860), 616–617. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01399-9
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dilushakumarage.medium.com dilushakumarage.medium.com
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Method 1: We can grab the PDF Versions of Google’s TotT episodes or create our own posters that are more relevant to the company and put them in places where both developers and testers can’t be ignored.Method 2 : We can initiate something called ‘Tip of the day’ Mailing System from Quality Engineering Department.
Ways to implement Google's Testing on the Toilet concept
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They started to write flyers about everything from dependency injection to code coverage and then regularly plaster the bathrooms in all over Google with each episode, almost 500 stalls worldwide.
Testing on the Toilet (TotT) concept
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Dogfooding → Internal adoption of software that is not yet released. The phrase “eating your own dogfood” is meant to convey the idea that if you make a product to sell to someone else, you should be willing to use it yourself to find out if it is any good.
Dogfooding testing method at Google
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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