- Last 7 days
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thoughtbot.com thoughtbot.com
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test-prof.evilmartians.io test-prof.evilmartians.ioTestProf1
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evilmartians.com evilmartians.com
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A lot of projects leveraging CDP appeared since then, including the most well-known one—Puppeteer, a browser automation library for Node.js. What about the Ruby world? Ferrum, a CDP library for Ruby, although being a pretty young one, provides a comparable to Puppeteer experience. And, what’s more important for us, it ships with a companion project called Cuprite—a pure Ruby Capybara driver using CDP.
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That’s not the only way of writing end-to-end tests in Rails. For example, you can use Cypress JS framework and IDE. The only reason stopping me from trying this approach is the lack of multiple sessions support, which is required for testing real-time applications (i.e., those with AnyCable 😉).
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Thus, by adding system tests, we increase the maintenance costs for development and CI environments and introduce potential points of failures or instability: due to the complex setup, flakiness is the most common problem with end-to-end testing. And most of this flakiness comes from communication with a browser.
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For example, Database Cleaner for a long time was a must-have add-on: we couldn’t use transactions to automatically rollback the database state, because each thread used its own connection; we had to use TRUNCATE ... or DELETE FROM ... for each table instead, which is much slower. We solved this problem by using a shared connection in all threads (via the TestProf extension). Rails 5.1 was released with a similar functionality out-of-the-box.
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In practice, we usually also need another tool to provide an API to control the browser (e.g., ChromeDriver).
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“System tests” is a common naming for automated end-to-end tests in the Rails world. Before Rails adopted this name, we used such variations as feature tests, browser tests
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even acceptance tests (though the latter are ideologically different)
Tags
- browser-based automated testing
- testing: system-level
- Cuprite (Ruby)
- testing: acceptance tests
- disadvantages/drawbacks/cons
- no longer needed
- Ferrum (Ruby)
- advantages/merits/pros
- naming convention
- testing: CDP-based
- testing: stack: choosing
- misnomer
- testing: database: wrapping tests in transaction
- unfortunate limitations
- limitations
- distinction
- testing: end-to-end
- naming
- Capybara
- intermittent test failures (flaky tests)
- Chromedriver
- Cypress
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github.com github.com
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Cuprite is a pure Ruby driver (read as no Selenium/WebDriver/ChromeDriver dependency) for Capybara.
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github.com github.com
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www.mutuallyhuman.com www.mutuallyhuman.com
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This is why for a recent Angular+Rails project we chose to use a testing stack from the backend technology’s ecosystem for e2e testing.
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We were not strictly blackbox testing our application. We wanted to simulate a user walking thru specific scenarios in the app which required that we have corresponding data in the database. This helps ensure integration between the frontend and backend was wired up successfully and would give us a foundation for testing critical user flows.
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There are times to stretch individually and as a team, but there are also times to take advantage of what you already know.
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When it came to testing the whole product, end-to-end, owning both sides gave us not only more options to consider, but also more tools to choose from.
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This meant that we owned both sides of the product implementation. For unit testing on the frontend, we stayed with Angular’s suggestion of Jasmine. For unit testing on the backend, we went with rspec-rails. These worked well since unit tests don’t need to cross technology boundaries.
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We used testing tools that were in the same ecosystem as our backend technology stack for primrily three reasons: We owned both ends of the stack Team experience Interacting with the database
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- determining if something is an appropriate application / best tool for the job
- testing: stack
- frontend vs. backend: owning both ends
- software stack: choosing: factors: familiarity/experience
- how to choose a dependency/library/framework
- using disparate technologies in a single project
- people stick to what they know
- official preferred convention / way to do something
- explaining why
- good advice
- software stack: choosing
- testing: stack: choosing
- testing: unit tests
- testing: end-to-end
- key point
- rationale
- officially recommended
- end-to-end testing
- testing: black-box testing
- answer the "why?"
- testing: clear-box testing
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Rapid Covid tests used in mass UK programme get scathing US report | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/11/us-health-agency-gives-innova-lateral-flow-covid-tests-scathing-review
Tags
- is:news
- Innova
- FDA
- accuracy
- lateral flow
- concern
- UK
- intervention
- COVID-19
- government
- mass testing
- data
- USA
- risk
- lang:en
- US Food and Drug Agency
- rapid COVID test
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hacks.mozilla.org hacks.mozilla.org
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This poses a few problems for automation. In some environments, there may be no graphical display available, or it may be desirable to not have the browser appear at all when being controlled.
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browsersync.io browsersync.io
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github.com github.com
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Mocking is a form of global state like others (including ENV sharing), which will cause difficulties here (more with threads, a bit less with forks).
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about.gitlab.com about.gitlab.com
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www.mutuallyhuman.com www.mutuallyhuman.com
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I’m going to add the API Server as an actor to my first test sequence to give some granularity as to what I’m actually testing.
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For features like websocket interactions, a single full-stack smoke test is almost essential to confirm that things are going as planned, even if the individual parts of the interaction are also covered by unit tests.
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github.com github.com
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Why does test suite performance matter? First of all, testing is a part of a developer's feedback loop (see @searls talk) and, secondly, it is a part of a deployment cycle.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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How to test at the correct level?
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As many things in life, deciding what to test at each level of testing is a trade-off:
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Unit tests are usually cheap, and you should consider them like the basement of your house
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A system test is often better than an integration test that is stubbing a lot of internals.
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Only test the happy path, but make sure to add a test case for any regression that couldn’t have been caught at lower levels with better tests (for example, if a regression is found, regression tests should be added at the lowest level possible).
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White-box tests at the system level (formerly known as System / Feature tests)
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GitLab is transitioning from controller specs to request specs.
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These kind of tests ensure that individual parts of the application work well together, without the overhead of the actual app environment (i.e. the browser). These tests should assert at the request/response level: status code, headers, body. They’re useful to test permissions, redirections, what view is rendered etc.
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These tests should be isolated as much as possible. For example, model methods that don’t do anything with the database shouldn’t need a DB record. Classes that don’t need database records should use stubs/doubles as much as possible.
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Black-box tests at the system level (aka end-to-end or QA tests)
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White-box tests at the system level (aka system or feature tests)
Tags
- testing: integration tests
- happy path
- testing: what to test
- testing: types of tests
- GitLab
- testing: levels of tests: how to test at the correct level?
- newer/better ways of doing things
- testing: levels of tests: higher level better than stubbing a lot of internals
- good advice
- regression testing
- testing: white-box testing
- name changes
- testing: Rails: controller tests
- testing: levels of tests: prefer lower-level tests when possible
- guidelines
- falling out of favor
- testing: what is worth testing?
- testing: unit tests
- testing: speed of tests: avoid doing unnecessary work
- testing: end-to-end
- testing: levels of tests
- testing: system-level
- end-to-end testing
- testing: clear-box testing
Annotators
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Levels
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White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of software testing that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing)
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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A common cause of a large number of created factories is factory cascades, which result when factories create and recreate associations.
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Test speed GitLab has a massive test suite that, without parallelization, can take hours to run. It’s important that we make an effort to write tests that are accurate and effective as well as fast.
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:js is particularly important to avoid. This must only be used if the feature test requires JavaScript reactivity in the browser. Using a headless browser is much slower than parsing the HTML response from the app.
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Use Factory Doctor to find cases where database persistence is not needed in a given test.
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:clean_gitlab_redis_cache which provides a clean Redis cache to the examples.
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Time returned from a database can differ in precision from time objects in Ruby, so we need flexible tolerances when comparing in specs. We can use be_like_time to compare that times are within one second of each other.
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Parameterized tests
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This style of testing is used to exercise one piece of code with a comprehensive range of inputs. By specifying the test case once, alongside a table of inputs and the expected output for each, your tests can be made easier to read and more compact.
Tags
- precision
- testing: tolerance for small differences (precision)
- testing: comprehensiveness (testing all possible/representative cases)
- testing: clearing cache
- testing: speed of tests: avoid doing unnecessary work
- testing: parameterized tests
- testing: speed of tests
- test factory: problems: factory cascades
Annotators
URL
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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As an example you might create 5 issues in between counts, which would cause the query count to increase by 5 if an N+1 problem exists.
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QueryRecorder is a tool for detecting the N+1 queries problem from tests.
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www.baeldung.com www.baeldung.com
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One such feature is parameterized tests. This feature enables us to execute a single test method multiple times with different parameters.
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gitlab.com gitlab.com
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In Jest we are currently running all tests in JSDOM and not in a browser. This implies that certain scenarios cannot be tested or behave differently than in the real application.
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gitlab.com gitlab.com
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Move it to Jest. This potentially requires extending our jsdom mocked browser environment. Move it to RSpec. This will probably require us changing our perspective to a use-case oriented one. We just want to make sure we have the same value coverage.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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We should test for events emitted in response to an action in our component. This is used to verify the correct events are being fired with the correct arguments.
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Do not test the internal implementation of the child components:
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Test we react correctly to any events emitted from child components:
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Test any directive that defines if/how child component is rendered (for example, v-if and v-for).
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A rule of thumb is that data should just be data - it is not recommended to observe objects with their own stateful behavior.
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Although each method of a Vue component can be tested individually, our goal is to test the output of the render function, which represents the state at all times.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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Global mocks introduce magic and technically can reduce test coverage.
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Manual mocks are used to mock modules across the entire Jest environment. This is a very powerful testing tool that helps simplify unit testing by mocking out modules which cannot be easily consumed in our test environment.
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Jest provides useful matchers like toHaveLength or toBeUndefined to make your tests more readable and to produce more understandable error messages.
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targeting what the user actually sees
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hen selecting by text it is best to use the byRole query as it helps enforce accessibility best practices.
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The most important guideline to give is the following: Write clean unit tests if there is actual value in testing a complex piece of logic in isolation to prevent it from breaking in the future Otherwise, try to write your specs as close to the user’s flow as possible
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Another common gotcha is that the specs end up verifying the mock is working. If you are using mocks, the mock should support the test, but not be the target of the test.
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Don’t test the library
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Testing the hasMetricTypes computed prop would seem like a given here. But to test if the computed property is returning the length of metricTypes, is testing the Vue library itself. There is no value in this, besides it adding to the test suite.
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It’s better to test a component in the way the user interacts with it: checking the rendered template.
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Tags
- frontend testing
- testing: matchers: use specific, descriptive matchers
- testing: tests should resemble the way your software is used
- pragmatic
- GitLab
- rule of thumb
- disadvantages/drawbacks/cons
- testing: avoid over-testing: don't test your mock
- good advice
- guidelines
- testing
- testing: what is worth testing?
- reasonable compromise
- testing: unit tests
- accessibility
- testing: avoid over-testing: don't test the library
- readability
- best practices
- magical
- testing: test doubles/mocks/stubs/spies
- end-to-end testing
Annotators
URL
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Karlinsky, A., & Kobak, D. (2021). The World Mortality Dataset: Tracking excess mortality across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. MedRxiv, 2021.01.27.21250604. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.27.21250604
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- Jun 2021
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Madhu Pai, MD, PhD on Twitter: “#COVID19 surge in Uganda looks ominous Vaccine coverage = 1.5% with 1 dose https://t.co/TRAjEVC59U” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://twitter.com/paimadhu/status/1401010082884853768
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clojure.org clojure.org
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Property-based, generative testing
In Python: https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
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Mahase, E. (2021). Covid-19: Is it safe to lift all restrictions in England from 21 June? BMJ, 373, n1399. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1399
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- May 2021
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science.sciencemag.org science.sciencemag.org
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García-Fiñana, M., & Buchan, I. E. (2021). Rapid antigen testing in COVID-19 responses. Science, 372(6542), 571–572. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6680
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Richardson, H. (2021). How waste water is helping South Africa fight COVID-19. Nature, 593(7860), 616–617. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01399-9
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dilushakumarage.medium.com dilushakumarage.medium.com
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Method 1: We can grab the PDF Versions of Google’s TotT episodes or create our own posters that are more relevant to the company and put them in places where both developers and testers can’t be ignored.Method 2 : We can initiate something called ‘Tip of the day’ Mailing System from Quality Engineering Department.
Ways to implement Google's Testing on the Toilet concept
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They started to write flyers about everything from dependency injection to code coverage and then regularly plaster the bathrooms in all over Google with each episode, almost 500 stalls worldwide.
Testing on the Toilet (TotT) concept
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Dogfooding → Internal adoption of software that is not yet released. The phrase “eating your own dogfood” is meant to convey the idea that if you make a product to sell to someone else, you should be willing to use it yourself to find out if it is any good.
Dogfooding testing method at Google
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Janke, S., Rudert, S. C., Petersen, Ä., Fritz, T., & Daumiller, M. (2021). Cheating in the wake of COVID-19: How dangerous is ad-hoc online testing for academic integrity? PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6xmzh
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Yee, A. (n.d.). COVID’s Outsize Impact on Asian Americans Is Being Ignored. Scientific American. Retrieved May 14, 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covids-outsize-impact-on-asian-americans-is-being-ignored/
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Government to launch 40,000 person daily contact testing study. (n.d.). GOV.UK. Retrieved 13 May 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-to-launch-40000-person-daily-contact-testing-study
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Katz, B. (2021, April 13). Fake Covid-19 Certificates Hit Airlines, Which Now Have to Police Them. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/fake-covid-19-certificates-hit-airlines-which-now-have-to-police-them-11618330621
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Kennedy-Shaffer, L., Kahn, R., & Lipsitch, M. (2021). Estimating vaccine efficacy against transmission via effect on viral load [Preprint]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.03.21256556
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science.sciencemag.org science.sciencemag.org
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Pavelka, M., Van-Zandvoort, K., Abbott, S., Sherratt, K., Majdan, M., Group†, C. C.-19 working, Analýz†, I. Z., Jarčuška, P., Krajčí, M., Flasche, S., & Funk, S. (2021). The impact of population-wide rapid antigen testing on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in Slovakia. Science, 372(6542), 635–641. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf9648
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Mallapaty, S. (2020). The mathematical strategy that could transform coronavirus testing. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02053-6
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Lewis, T. (n.d.). COVID-19 Spit Tests Used by NBA Are Now Authorized by FDA. Scientific American. Retrieved August 24, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covid-19-spit-tests-used-by-nba-are-now-authorized-by-fda/
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Aleta, A., Martín-Corral, D., Pastore y Piontti, A., Ajelli, M., Litvinova, M., Chinazzi, M., Dean, N. E., Halloran, M. E., Longini Jr, I. M., Merler, S., Pentland, A., Vespignani, A., Moro, E., & Moreno, Y. (2020). Modelling the impact of testing, contact tracing and household quarantine on second waves of COVID-19. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0931-9
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 18). @ErikAngner I thought I joined the ‘conversation’ at the top- did I miss part of a prior thread? Post I responded to seemed to be the beginning of a thread...ie. ‘regular reminder that...’ [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1362385973603168257
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dash.harvard.edu dash.harvard.edu
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Kissler, S., Fauver, J. R., Mack, C., Tai, C. G., Breban, M. I., Watkins, A. E., Samant, R. M., Anderson, D. J., Ho, D. D., Grubaugh, N. D., & Grad, Y. (2021). Densely sampled viral trajectories suggest longer duration of acute infection with B.1.1.7 variant relative to non-B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2. https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/37366884
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News, J. A., Kaiser Health. (n.d.). Why the U.S. Is Underestimating COVID Reinfection. Scientific American. Retrieved 10 February 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-u-s-is-underestimating-covid-reinfection/
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Wu, K. J. (2020, November 2). A Rapid Virus Test Falters in People Without Symptoms, Study Finds. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/02/health/coronavirus-testing-quidel-sofia.html
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Jonathan Rothberg 🦋. (2021, March 2). Testing works. I test daily. Insist on HOME testing. @michaelmina_lab @JoeBiden Research suggests B.1.526 needs to be closely watched “for its ability to evade both monoclonal antibody and, to a certain extent, the vaccine-induced antibody,” said Fauci [Tweet]. @JMRothberg. https://twitter.com/JMRothberg/status/1366755339912306688
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hashnode.com hashnode.com
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With every other change I make, I have to test in a dozen clients and make sure it looks fine. Why is there so much variation in email style implementation amongst different clients?
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I've worked with people at companies where this was their only responsibility. Setting up emails for clients, making sure they pass a battery of tests and look great in all browsers and clients. It's an incredible PITA and it's not a set it and forget it thing. Clients can change month to month; spam filters change, etc...
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Testing your designs is also crucial step during this process.
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Remember, even the email clients with better HTML and CSS support have their own individual quirks and still require testing to see what’s possible.
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Hall, V. J., Foulkes, S., Saei, A., Andrews, N., Oguti, B., Charlett, A., Wellington, E., Stowe, J., Gillson, N., Atti, A., Islam, J., Karagiannis, I., Munro, K., Khawam, J., Chand, M. A., Brown, C. S., Ramsay, M., Lopez-Bernal, J., Hopkins, S., … Heeney, J. L. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine coverage in health-care workers in England and effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against infection (SIREN): A prospective, multicentre, cohort study. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00790-X
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Ashish K. Jha, MD, MPH. (2020, October 27). President keeps saying we have more cases because we are testing more This is not true But wait, how do we know? Doesn’t more testing lead to identifying more cases? Actually, it does So we look at other data to know if its just about testing or underlying infections Thread [Tweet]. @ashishkjha. https://twitter.com/ashishkjha/status/1321118890513080322
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Dr Nisreen Alwan 🌻. (2021, March 14). Exactly a year ago we wrote this letter in the Times. We were gobsmacked! We just didn’t understand what the government was basing all its decisions on including stopping testing and the herd immunity by natural infection stuff. We wanted to see the evidence backing them. [Tweet]. @Dr2NisreenAlwan. https://twitter.com/Dr2NisreenAlwan/status/1371168531669258242
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Bosman, J., Burch, A. D. S., & Mervosh, S. (2020, November 6). One Day in America: More Than 121,000 Coronavirus Cases. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/05/us/covid-one-day-in-america.html
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Lewis, T. (n.d.). Slovakia Offers a Lesson in How Rapid Testing Can Fight COVID. Scientific American. Retrieved April 9, 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/slovakia-offers-a-lesson-in-how-rapid-testing-can-fight-covid/
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twitter.com twitter.com
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🔥 Kareem Carr 🔥 on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 1 May 2021, from https://twitter.com/kareem_carr/status/1383925269132582912
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- Apr 2021
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Scheel, Anne M., Mitchell R. M. J. Schijen, and Daniël Lakens. ‘An Excess of Positive Results: Comparing the Standard Psychology Literature With Registered Reports’. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 4, no. 2 (1 April 2021): 25152459211007468. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459211007467.
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Tan, Steph H., Orchid Allicock, Mari Armstrong-Hough, and Anne L. Wyllie. ‘Saliva as a Gold-Standard Sample for SARS-CoV-2 Detection’. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 0, no. 0 (19 April 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00178-8.
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Rukmini, S. (2021, April 21). India’s government has abandoned its citizens to face a deadly second wave alone. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/apr/21/indias-government-abandoned-citizens-deadly-second-covid-wave
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Beaumont, P. (2021, April 22). Covid-19: India’s response to second wave is warning to other countries. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/22/covid-19-india-response-to-second-wave-is-warning-to-other-countries
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Gross, A. (2021, April 15). Concerns rise about spread of coronavirus variant in London. https://www.ft.com/content/d1a18cef-68ff-4f37-b5d7-ad522b2bbf68
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Morrow, Alison, Sara Jenks, and Becky Batchelor. ‘The Effect of Antibody Test Result Knowledge on Transmission Reducing Behaviours’. PsyArXiv, 13 April 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/unm7r.
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De Block Golding, D. (2021, April 7). Viral video contains several false pandemic claims. Full Fact. https://fullfact.org/health/viral-video-contains-several-false-pandemic-claims/
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www.rubyguides.com www.rubyguides.com
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blog.dnsimple.com blog.dnsimple.com
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medium.com medium.com
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To improve the usability of text fields and to determine which text field variables to alter, our researchers and designers conducted two studies between November 2016 and February 2017, with actual users.
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github.com github.com
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let(:warden) do instance_double('Warden::Proxy').tap do |warden| allow(warden).to receive(:authenticate!).with(scope: :user) .and_return(authenticated?) allow(warden).to receive(:user).with(:user).and_return(user) end end let(:user) { instance_double(User) } let(:authenticated?) { true } def simulate_running_with_devise stub_const( 'Rack::MockRequest::DEFAULT_ENV', Rack::MockRequest::DEFAULT_ENV.merge('warden' => warden), ) end
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There is no request.env in functional tests because the functional tests are supposed to remain at the controller level.
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- Mar 2021
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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There is obvious connections between the flow paths of a use case and its test cases. Deriving functional test cases from a use case through its scenarios (running instances of a use case) is straightforward.
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1297566120900268035
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Larremore, D. B., Wilder, B., Lester, E., Shehata, S., Burke, J. M., Hay, J. A., Tambe, M., Mina, M. J., & Parker, R. (2020). Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for COVID-19 surveillance. MedRxiv, 2020.06.22.20136309. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.22.20136309
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www.researchgate.net www.researchgate.net
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Leffler, C., Ing, E., Lykins, J., Hogan, M., McKeown, C., & Grzybowski, A. (2020). Association of country-wide coronavirus mortality with demographics, testing, lockdowns, and public wearing of masks (Update June 15, 2020).
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- social norm
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- COVID-19
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www.newscientist.com www.newscientist.com
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Page, M. L. (n.d.). Should you pay for a coronavirus test? Here’s what you need to know. New Scientist. Retrieved June 20, 2020, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2246514-should-you-pay-for-a-coronavirus-test-heres-what-you-need-to-know/
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Triunfol, M. (2020). High COVID-19 testing rate in Portugal. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(7), 783. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30499-0
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Islam, M. M., & Yunus, M. Y. (2020). Rohingya refugees at high risk of COVID-19 in Bangladesh. The Lancet Global Health, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30282-5
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Guglielmi, G. (2020). The explosion of new coronavirus tests that could help to end the pandemic. Nature, 583(7817), 506–509. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02140-8
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Prof. Devi Sridhar. (2020, March 25). We will be stuck in an endless cycle of lockdown/release for next 18 months, if we do not start mass testing, tracing, & isolating those who are carriers of the virus while pursuing rapid research for antiviral treatment or vaccine. This is the message the public needs to hear. [Tweet]. @devisridhar. https://twitter.com/devisridhar/status/1242743618986745861
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Varsavsky, Thomas, Mark S. Graham, Liane S. Canas, Sajaysurya Ganesh, Joan Capdevila Pujol, Carole H. Sudre, Benjamin Murray, et al. ‘Detecting COVID-19 Infection Hotspots in England Using Large-Scale Self-Reported Data from a Mobile Application: A Prospective, Observational Study’. The Lancet Public Health 6, no. 1 (1 January 2021): e21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30269-3.
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‘How Slovakia Tested 3.6 Million People for COVID-19 in a Single Weekend’. Accessed 26 February 2021. https://www.bi.team/blogs/how-slovakia-tested-3-6-million-people-for-covid-19-in-a-single-weekend/.
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www.sciencemediacentre.org www.sciencemediacentre.org
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‘Expert Reaction to Study Evaluating the Accuracy of the AbC-19TM Rapid Test for SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies | Science Media Centre’. Accessed 26 February 2021. https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-study-evaluating-the-accuracy-of-the-abc-19tm-rapid-test-for-sars-cov-2-antibodies/.
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Ramamurti, R. (2020, October 27). Global Crowdsourcing Can Help the U.S. Beat the Pandemic. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/10/global-crowdsourcing-can-help-the-u-s-beat-the-pandemic
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