We are beginning a renovation of our main library at Northeastern University, Snell Library, and have been talking with architects (some of them very well-known), and I’ve found the discussions utterly invigorating. I would like to find some way to blog or newsletter about the process we will go through over the next few years, and to think aloud about the (re)design and (future) function of the library. I’m not sure if that should occur in this space or elsewhere, although the thought of launching another outlet fills me with dread. Let me know if this topic would interest you, and if I should include it here.

Un premier élément qui marque la spécificité du milieu numérique se joue dans la nature du texte numérique, devenu à la fois support, dispositif et milieu.

je retiens en particulier le fait que l’éditorialisation est un processus. Cette notion est importante, car elle marque une rupture avec l’édition.

Here's one quick way to test if your application has properly segregated itself between the Model, View, and Controller roles: is your app skinnable? My experience is that designers don't understand loops or any kind of state. They do understand templates with holes in them. Everybody understands mail merge. And if you say, "Apply the bold template to this hole," they kind of get that, too. So separating model and view addresses this very important practical problem of how to have designers work with coders. The other problem is there is no way to do multiple site skins properly if you don't have proper separation of concerns. If you are doing code generation or sites with different skins on them, there is no way to properly make a new skin by simply copying and pasting the old skin and changing it. If you have the view and the logic together, when you make a copy of the view you copy the logic as well. That breaks one of our primary rules as developers: have only one place to change anything.

In 1972 David L. Parnas published a classic paper entitled On the Criteria To Be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules. It appeared in the December issue of the Communications of the ACM, Volume 15, Number 12. In this paper, Parnas compared two different strategies for decomposing and separating the logic in a simple algorithm. The paper is fascinating reading, and I strongly urge you to study it. His conclusion, in part, is as follows: “We have tried to demonstrate by these examples that it is almost always incorrect to begin the decomposition of a system into modules on the basis of a flowchart. We propose instead that one begins with a list of difficult design decisions or design decisions which are likely to change. Each module is then designed to hide such a decision from the others.”

Domain-driven design separates the model layer “M” of MVC into an application, domain and infrastructure layer. The infrastructure layer is used to retrieve and store data. The domain layer is where the business knowledge or expertise is. The application layer is responsible for coordinating the infrastructure and domain layers to make a useful application. Typically, it would use the infrastructure to obtain the data, consult the domain to see what should be done, and then use the infrastructure again to achieve the results.

He claims that chip makers have erected a new Berlin Wall in between the user and the microprocessor: “And so, software— a billion- dollar enterprise based on one of the cheapest elements on Earth— used everything at its disposal to prevent said ‘humans’ from having access to hardware” (209).

If code governs so much of our lives, then to understand its operations is to get some sense of the systems that operate on us.

Developing software is usually easier if you break your project into smaller separate pieces, since that often removes unexpected interactions and dramatically reduces the complexity of the problems you'll need to solve

The RAT model sees software development as an off-line program-construction activity composed of these parts: defining, decomposing, estimating, implementing, assembling, and finishing

Choice architecture is a concept introduced in the book Nudge by Richard Thaler (who would go on to win a Nobel Prize for some of this work) and Cass Sunstein. The basic concept is that how an environment is designed influences the decisions people make in that environment.

“When the environment itself is constituted by electric circuitry and information, architecture becomes the content of the new information environment. Architecture is the old technology which is automatically elevated into an art form.”

electronics presents new challenges to planners because this latest prosthetic extension of the body defines an entirely new form of space.

reducing the presence of those things we usually call “architecture” demands that we return to what is most effective about architecture and the way it frames social relationships

L’éditorialisation est une architecture de l’être, une ontotecture.

Architecture is the materialization of a concept

If people search through your website, will you guide them to topics first, or will they get a list of individual stories and updates to stories? Does your front page even hint at the fact that people can get more than just the daily news at your site?

Mr. Speyer’s most famous work is the Ben Rose House near Chicago, a modern glass box known for its supporting role in the 1986 movie ”Ferris Bueller’s Day Off.” Mr. Speyer studied architecture under famed modernist Mies van der Rohe at the Illinois Institute of Technology, and later became curator of 20th century painting and sculpture at the Art Institute of Chicago.

Mr. Speyer was critical of American home-building bombast, declaring in a 1986 interview conducted by the Art Institute of Chicago shortly before his death, “I think the typical suburban style is really not at all based in comfort, it’s based in ostentation,” he said. “Everybody,” he added, is “putting a centerpiece on the table.”

This integration of digital tools and automated technologies into building practices has become ever-more urgent in light of the agility that will be required to cope with the effects of climate change, including the increased mobility of people and reduction in material and human resources. Architecture that could accommodate more people in the event of mass migration, or construction practices that could efficiently utilise local resources instead of relying on global supply chains, are possible results of digitising the production of the built environment.

The overall software architecture is actioning years of developers experiences through Uncle Bob's Clean Architecture. Thanks to Lerna and Yarn workspaces, GanttLab now comes with the entities, use-cases and gateways packages that are used by the adapter-webapp making up the web application on https://app.ganttlab.com.

our houses will need to be better ventilated and offer more light

“As I enter the office floor, I see my colleagues, wave to them, and find myself a desk. I overhear some guys talking about an old client of mine. I give them some tips on how I used to handle this client, but I really don’t have time to chitchat. My new client will arrive in an hour; a key account and we cannot afford to lose him. I’m damn nervous and I need to prepare. So, I pick up my laptop and move into one of the available quiet rooms. I close the door and start working.” This straightforward story explains the advantages of the open office, as well as the users’ fears of not being able to concentrate, and the potential business implications of distracted workers. And the story provides a possible design solution (creating ‘quiet rooms’), which proved to be valuable input in the design process (they got their quiet rooms).

c’est une structure architecturale faite d’écriture

Guédelon Castle (Château de Guédelon) is a castle currently under construction near Treigny, France. The castle is the focus of an experimental archaeology project aimed at recreating a 13th-century castle and its environment using period technique, dress, and material.

la ville comme teaching machine : cet environnement, réceptacle d’information, devient support d’un apprentissage

Ainsi l’architecture a eu, à un moment de l’histoire, la capacité de rendre visibles les supposées qualités (spatiales) d’un environnement numérique en cours de co-construction par les informaticiens et les architectes, un espace redéfini comme pur milieu d’apprentissage

quand l’environnement lui-même est constitué de circuits électroniques et d’information, l’architecture devient le contenu d’un nouvel environnement informationnel

l’architecture comme un cadre d’élaboration de la pensée informatique a été bien documentée

dispositif de réorganisation permanente du site par ses habitants

Ainsi, par le recours aux outils informatiques, la pratique architecturale se voit coupée en deux (opérant par là le renversement d’un paradigme accepté par la discipline depuis Alberti) : une partie hard dont l’architecture est responsable, et une partie soft rendue aux habitants

Au lieu de « Que nul n’entre s’il n’est géomètre » , « Que nul n’entre s’il n’est codeur ».

Peut-être, au lieu que d’espace numérique, nous devrions parler d’architectures numériques, en donnant au mot « architecture » une signification à la fois spatiale et temporelle. Le nuage est une architecture, l’infrastructure d’Internet est une architecture, et l’ensemble d’algorithmes, données, plateformes et câbles est une architecture.

Arrêtons-nous-y : parler musicalement de l’espace est une façon de l’investir de temps (au pluriel), de l’aérer avec des rythmes, de changer (par accélération) la hauteur nombrée en durée rythmée.

different problems that are sufficiently similar that you can apply a same model to them, but sufficiently different that this model has to be customized considerably to be applicable in each case.

les communs tendent à se définir par les modalités et l’intention de leur gouvernance, plus que par la seule préservation de ressources. C’est cette architecture de gouvernance en mouvement, et l’écosystème humain qui en résulte, qui constituent les communs.

le numérique permet l’optimisation des flux et des ressources, rassemble des compétences, orchestre le dialogue et les échanges. Lien entre les différentes composantes de la ville, le numérique crée désormais des ponts entre les environnements tangibles et virtuels. Dès lors, cette ville « augmentée » rythmée par les connexions et la mobilité, offre de nouvelles opportunités pour le design dans la conception de services et la création de nouvelles expériences pour les citadins.

Dans ces cas, les raisons d’agir rendent un service inestimable en révélant pourquoi des opérations de conception ont été entreprises.

Le parallélisme entre les deux formules (1) et (2) suggère de rapprocher échelles E et raisons d’agir R du concepteur. Démontrer l’équivalence des échelles et des raisons d’agir revient à établir E  ⊂  R et R  ⊂  E.

cet article s’interroge sur le cœur ou « part commune » des activités de conception. Celle-ci suggère tout à la fois l’unité des sciences de la conception et l’approche internaliste des processus de conception

elle prend du même coup une dimension utopique. Dans ce monde saturé d’images et de messages, il n’y a de sortie et d’espoir que du côté de l’utopie?: c’est ce que l’architecture a compris, à l’insu peut-être des architectes.

Cette étendue de leurs pouvoirs est le triomphe même de ce mode de construire dont je te parlais.

L’élégance inattendue nous enivre.

comment trouver les principes ?

Mais l’arbre et toutes ses parties ; et le coq, et toutes les siennes, sont construits par les principes eux-mêmes, non séparés de la construction.

conçois comme si j’exécutais

What does composition have to do with mocking?Everything. The essence of all software development is the process of breaking a large problem down into smaller, independent pieces (decomposition) and composing the solutions together to form an application that solves the large problem (composition).

Netheads vs Bellheads

statue of Garibald

Albanian Orthodox Church,

There’s a perception that the Old World is the advanced world and transferred all this knowledge to the New one, but we are realizing that they knew a lot, and I think this is one more piece of evidence for that

What happened here is that these rocks were struck by lightning sometime between when they were formed many thousands of years ago, and when they were carved

The fields found in the statues, however, are far stronger — in some cases nearly four times that of the Earth’s magnetic field.

artisans carved the figures so that the magnetic areas fell at the navel or right temple — suggesting not only that Mesoamerican people were familiar with the concept of magnetism but also that they had some way of detecting the magnetized spots

Etinosa Yvonne Osayimwen's goal is to get inside her subjects' heads.

There are several different architectures that can be used by Android developers: Stable samples — Java Stable samples — Kotlin External samples Deprecated samples Samples in progress Of course, each of these samples should be used depending on the objectives, approaches, etc. Having explored them, we’ve come up with a more understandable approach and a less layered architecture for our projects. Utilizing this architecture, we’ll show how to develop a basic Android app.

Cahokia, as it may have appeared around 1150 CE. Painting by Michael Hampshire for the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site.

A gradual decline in the Cahokian population is thought to have began sometime after 1200 A.D. and two centuries later, the entire site had been abandoned.

Archaeologists have also excavated four, and possibly five, circular sun calendars referred to as Woodhenge.

There was also an astronomical observatory (“Woodhenge”), consisting of a circle of wooden posts.

expressed through many different mediums: rituals, ceremonies, paintings, poems, drama, oral texts such as prayers and music such as hymns, symphonies and folk songs

Q&A: How to Develop ‘Program Architecture’

Cette conjecture suppose que si l’ambition est de créer « une configuration sociale où la rencontre entre des entités individuées engage intentionnellement à la conception de représentations communes », alors, et sous des formes extrêmement variées, se succèdent différentes séquences qu’il est à priori possible de créer, d’inventer, de standardiser.

One way to identify cycles is to build a dependency graph representing all services in the system and all RPCs exchanged among them. Begin building the graph by putting each service on a node of the graph and drawing directed edges to represent the outgoing RPCs. Once all services are placed in the graph, the existing dependency cycles can be identified using common algorithms such as finding a topological sorting via a depth-first search. If no cycles are found, that means the services' dependencies can be represented by a DAG (directed acyclic graph).

voluta jónica

It would be fair to characterize Beaker as “a novel application of Bittorrent’s concepts to the Web platform.” If Beaker had been started in 2006, it would be using Bittorrent as its primary protocol. However, as of 2016, new variants have appeared with better properties.

Alexander replied: “I find that incomprehensible. I find it very irresponsible. I find it nutty. I feel sorry for the man. I also feel incredibly angry because he is fucking up the world.”

the erection, preservation & repair of the buildings, the care of the grounds

Beta blockers have long been associated with sleep disturbances such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and insomnia. They have been shown to reduce the production of melatonin via specific inhibition of beta-1 adrenergic receptors. Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain, and helps in maintaining normal circadian rhythms.6,20-21 People with hypertension already have a lower melatonin production rate than those with normal blood pressure.22

As we're now recognizing, often the best way to find out if a software idea is useful is to build a simplistic version of it and see how well it works out

You cannot assume that you can take an arbitrary system and break it into microservices. Most systems acquire too many dependencies between their modules, and thus can't be sensibly broken apart. I've heard of plenty of cases where an attempt to decompose a monolith has quickly ended up in a mess. I've also heard of a few cases where a gradual route to microservices has been successful - but these cases required a relatively good modular design to start with.

Messages are immediately written to the filesystem when they are received. Messages are not deleted when they are read but retained with some configurable SLA (say a few days or a week)

“An individual building, the style in which it is going to be designed and built, is not that important. The important thing, really, is the community. How does it affect life?” I.M. Pei

parlours

garrets

Cottage

cottage;

The bridge at Heidelberg

Architecture guidelines for stable Deep Convolutional GANsReplace any pooling layers with strided convolutions (discriminator) and fractional-stridedconvolutions (generator).Use batchnorm in both the generator and the discriminator.Remove fully connected hidden layers for deeper architectures.Use ReLU activation in generator for all layers except for the output, which uses Tanh.Use LeakyReLU activation in the discriminator for all layers

Gothic architec-ture

When design solutions address the symptoms of a problem (like sleeping outside in public) rather than the cause of the problem (like the myriad societal shortcomings that lead to homelessness), that problem is simply pushed down the street.

the art of structuring space through mathematical functions

first, it creates a living space; and, second, it is in motion

comme des fonctions de structuration du réel

architecture responsive, mixte de calcul et d’affinité, d’égocentrisme et de connexion, d’automatisme et d’occasion.

a posteriori

a priori

l’architecture

It is important as well to recognize that “platforms” are not only a technical architecture; they are also an institutional form. They centralize (like states), scaffolding the terms of participation according to rigid but universal protocols, even as they decentralize (like markets), coordinating economies not through the superimposition of fixed plans but through interoperable and emergent interaction.

albums produced between 1908 and 1913 by developers and the real estate industry to entice potential middle and upper class tenants to New York City’s “principal high class apartment houses,” declares one volume’s subtitle. Each featured apartment house is briefly described, and illustrated with an exterior photograph and one or more floor plans.

The latest wave of digitalarchitecture conceives of self-organizing robotic assemblages within the modernhome, for example, which will blur the distinction between architecture and furnitureto create new kinds of interactive and ergonomic spaces

Rabinow links the growth of modem forms of political power with the evolution of aesthetic theories and shows how the

A very fundamental property to maintain in ontologies are the identity criteria. There is fundamental work by Nicola Guarino et al. about making ontological distinctions based on identity criteria, which led to the DOLCE ontology. For the Semantic Web, we must try ensure two things: a) that different parties see one thing as one, both at the same time and diachronically b) that things have well-defined properties.

all representations have essentially the same information content. And what we mean by "essentially" allows in fact some wriggle room, and in the end it rests on a common understanding between publisher of the information and quoter of the URI. The sameness we are after is the sameness of information content. That is what is identified by the URI. That is why we say that the URI identifies that conceptual information content, irrespective of its particular representation: the conceptual work. Without that common understanding, the web does not work. Some people have said, "If we say that URIs identify people, nothing breaks". But all the time they, day to day, rely on sameness of the information things on the web, and use URIs with that implicit assumption. As we formalize how the web works, we have to make that assumption explicit.

I'm sticking with the machine-processable languages as examples because human-processable ones like HTML have a level of ambiguity traditional in human natural language but quite out of place in the WWW infrastructure -- or the Semantic Web.

we must either distinguish or be hopelessly fuzzy. And is this bad, is it an inhibition to have to work our way though documents before we can talk about whatever we desire? I would argue not, because it is very important not to lose track of the reasons for our taking and processing any piece of information. The process of publishing and reading is a real social process between social entities, not mechanical agents. To be socially responsible, to be able to handle trust, and so on, we must be aware of these operations. The difference between a car and what some web page says about it is crucial - not only when you are buying a car. Some have opined that the abstraction of the document is nonsense, and all that exists, when a web page describes a car, is the car and various representations of it, the HTML, PNG and GIF bit streams. This is however very weak in my opinion. The various representations have much more in common than simply the car. And the relationship to the car can be many and varied: home page, picture, catalog entry, invoice, remote control panel, weblog, and so on. The document itself is an important part of society - to dismiss its existence is to prevent us being aware of human and aspects of information without which we are impoverished. By contrast, the difference between different representations of the document (GIF or PNG image for example) is very small, and the relationship between versions of a document which changes through time a very strong one.

It demonstrates the ambiguity of natural language that no significant problem had been noticed over the past decade, even though the original author or HTTP , and later co-author of HTTP 1.1 who also did his PhD thesis on an analysis of the web, and both of whom have worked with Web protocols ever since, had had conflicting ideas of what the various terms actually mean.

an HTTP URI may identify something with a vagueness as to the dimensions above, but it still must be used to refer to a unique conceptual object whose various representations have a very large a mount in common. Formally, it is the publisher which defines the what an HTTP URI identifies, and so one should look to the publisher for a commitment as to the exact nature of the identity along these axes.

You can expect to pay 50 cents a day. Or try DIY. This is where you will own your content.

the interface currently works quite slowly, much slower than regular web content.