1,201 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2023
  2. Oct 2023
  3. Jun 2023
    1. There are now about 22,000 contributorsto the site, which charges between $1 and $5 per basic image

      This reminds me of the article "Wikipedia and the Death of an Expert" how there are also so many volunteers running the wikipedia page. I inserted an article that mentions how many active editors there are on wikipedia so we can really compare the similarities in contributors.

  4. May 2023
  5. Apr 2023
  6. Mar 2023
  7. Feb 2023
    1. Where information that a controller would otherwise be required to provide to a datasubject pursuant to subsection (1) includes personal data relating to another individualthat would reveal, or would be capable of revealing, the identity of the individual, thecontroller—(a)shall not, subject to subsection (8), provide the data subject with the informationthat constitutes such personal data relating to the other individual, and(b)shall provide the data subject with a summary of the personal data concernedthat—(i)in so far as is possible, permits the data subject to exercise his or her rightsunder this Part, and

      There's a right to provide a summary where it would be hard to avoid revealing the identity of another individual.

    2. Subject to subsection (2), a controller, with respect to personal data for which it isresponsible, may restrict, wholly or partly, the exercise of a right of a data subjectspecified in subsection (4)

      Can restrict, but must be necessary and proportionate (and under one of the restriction rights)

    3. Subsection (1) shall not apply—(a)in respect of personal data relating to the data subject that consists of anexpression of opinion about the data subject by another person given inconfidence or on the understanding that it would be treated as confidential, or(b)to information specified in paragraph (b)(i)(III)of that subsection in so far as arecipient referred to therein is a public authority which may receive data in thecontext of a particular inquiry in accordance with the law of the State.

      Access doesn't need to include opinions made in confidence, or information obtained by a public authority who recieves data in the context of a particular inquiry.

  8. Jan 2023
    1. . Une étude de l'Insee, publiée en 2018, souligne ainsi que l’espérance de vie des ouvriers est plus courte que celle des cadres, de six à sept ans, et que les 5% les plus pauvres meurent en moyenne treize ans plus tôt que les 5% les plus riches. Chez les femmes, cet écart est plus faible : 8 ans séparent les plus aisées des plus pauvres. 
  9. Nov 2022
  10. Apr 2022
  11. Mar 2022
    1. Autorité et bienveillance du CPE : enjeux et gestes professionnels

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    Annotators

    1. L’autisme est un trouble neuro-développemental caractérisé par des anomalies dans l’interaction sociale, dans la communication et dans le comportement (activités répétitives et stéréotypées). Ces anomalies causent, pour la personne atteinte d’autisme, de grandes difficultés cognitives : d’attention, d’apprentissage, de mémorisation et  de décodification de l’information.

      L’autisme est un trouble neuro-développemental caractérisé par des anomalies ==>problème de définition du champ dans l’interaction sociale, dans la communication et dans le comportement (activités répétitives et stéréotypées). Ces anomalies causent, pour la personne atteinte d’autisme, de grandes difficultés cognitives ==>elles ne sont pas conséquence des interactions sociales ni des stéréotypies mais liées au développent du cerveau

      Qu’est-ce que le trouble du spectre de l’autisme : Jadhav, M., & Schaepper, M. A. (2021, août). What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? American Psychiatric Association. Consulté le 11 mars 2022, à l’adresse https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/autism/what-is-autism-spectrum-disorderDiagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders : signs and symptoms on Social communication & Restricted interests and repetitive behaviors

  12. Jan 2022
  13. Nov 2021
    1. 2018wave of ICILS (International Computer and Information Literacy Study)

      2018 wave of ICILS (International Computer and Information Literacy Study)

    2. PISA 2018 student questionnaire show that also as regards computer accessat home there are relevant socio-economic differences across European countries.

      PISA 2018

  14. Oct 2021
  15. Jul 2021
    1. Nine of 10 of House Republicans will be white men, calculates David Wasserman of the Cook Political Report, compared to just over one-third of House Democrats.

      117th Congress

    2. districts won by Democrats account for 61 percent of America's gross domestic product, districts won by Republicans 38 percent.
    3. Residents of districts won by Democrats generate 22% more output per worker, and have a 15% higher median household income.
    4. In Democratic districts, 35 percent of residents have college degrees, compared to 28 percent in Republican districts.
    5. Employees are less likely to work in manufacturing (7.2 percent in blue districts, 11 percent in red districts) and more likely to work in digital services (2.5 percent compared to 1.1 percent).
    6. Blue districts have attracted the expanding segments of the U.S. population and workforce; half their residents are non-white. Red districts are 27 percent non-white.
  16. Jun 2021
  17. May 2021
  18. Apr 2021
  19. Mar 2021
  20. Dec 2020
    1. Si 23 % des instances au fond ont conduit en 2018 à l’annulation d’un acte et/ou à la condamnation de l’administration à payer une somme d’argent, seuls 15 % desréférés-suspension ont abouti à la suspension de la décision attaquée cette même année, contre 16 % en 2017 et 18% en 2016. Il en est allé de même pour lesprocédures de référé-liberté. En revanche, la proportion des ordonnances favorables au requérant a été beaucoup plus élevée en matière de référé tendant à lacondamnation au versement d’une provision (24 % en 2018) et de référé tendant à des constats, expertises et instructions (26 % en 2018 contre 39 % en 2017 comme en2016). Dans ces procédures d’urgence jugées rapidement, les désistements et les non-lieux à statuer n’ont représenté que 12 % des décisions rendues.

      23% de condamnation de l'administration montre que la violence institutionnelle peut être condamnée. Mais à cela s'ajoutent les non-recours et médiations du médiateur et du défenseur des droits .

    2. LETTRE DE LA DIRECTION DES AFFAIRES JURIDIQUES DU MINISTÈRE DE L'ÉDUCATION NATIONALE ET DE LA JEUNESSE ET DU MINISTÈRE DEL'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR, DE LA RECHERCHE ET DE L'INNOVATIONLIJ HORS SÉRIE – SEPTEMBRE 2019

    3. FICHIERS (TRAITEMENTS AUTOMATISÉS DE DONNÉES)Témoins de connexion (cookies) – Traitement de données à caractère personnel – Responsable de traitement – Obligation d’information des personnesconcernéesC.E., 6 juin 2018, Société Éditions Croque Futur, n°412589, au Recueil LebonLIJ n° 203, juillet 2018
    4. ResponsabilitéMISE EN CAUSE DE LA RESPONSABILITÉ DE L’ADMINISTRATIONResponsabilité de l’État – Disparition d’un bien confisqué à un élève dans un E.P.L.E. – Faute de l’administration – Indemnisation du préjudice financierT.A. Orléans, 26 juin 2018, n° 1602716LIJ n° 204, novembre 2018
    5. OBLIGATION SCOLAIRE Scolarisation – Inscription sur la liste des enfants résidant dans la commune soumis à l’obligation scolaire – Compétence du maire exercée en qualitéd’agent de l’État – Refus illégal – Provision à la charge de l’ÉtatC.E., 19 décembre 2018, Commune de Ris-Orangis, n° 408710, aux tables du Recueil LebonLIJ n° 206, mai 2019
    6. NEUTRALITÉLiberté d’expression – Principe de neutralité de l’enseignement public – Contenu des programmes scolaires des classes de collège – Enseignementd’histoire ne portant pas atteinte aux libertés d’expression, de conscience et d’opinion des élèves ni au principe de neutralité du service public de l’éducation– Contrôle du jugeC.E., 4 juillet 2018, Association pour la neutralité de l’enseignement de l’histoire turque dans les programmes scolaires, n°392400, au Recueil LebonLIJ n° 204, novembre 2018
  21. Oct 2020
    1. Four themes emerged from analyzing three types of data: surveys, interviews, and access log files. These four themes that captured students' experience of VBL included: varying video use frequency, balancing time and level of understanding to achieve learning efficiency, manipulation of video functions to achieve learning efficiency, and reliance upon multiple tools.

      The authors of this article question the effectiveness of video-based online learning. The authors/researchers studied multiple undergraduate level online courses. Information was gathered via student surveys and interviews. The researchers present four themes found through the study, which include varying video use frequency, balancing time and level of understanding to achieve learning efficiency, manipulation of video functions to achieve learning efficiency, and reliance upon multiple tools.

      Rating: 5/10

  22. Sep 2020
    1. “You are free to eat from any tree in the garden;(W) 17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,(X) for when you eat from it you will certainly die.”

      God instructed Adam and Eve to eat whatever they desired, though prohibited them to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. In Robin Wall Kimmerer's "Skywoman Falling", she explained how in Indigenous culture, they follow Original Instructions. These "instructions" are not rules but rather guidelines for each person. Kimmerer explains how during Skywoman's time, the first people's understanding of the Original Instructions were to care for the and have respect for hunted animals, value family, and hold respectful ceremonies for their beliefs.

  23. Jul 2020
    1. Les produits gratuits le sont-ils vraiment ?86 621 vues86 k vues•19 nov. 2018 2,9 k J'aime ce contenu 53 Je n'aime pas ce contenu Partager Partager Enregistrer 2 948 / 53 Le Monde Le Monde Validé 864 k abonnés S'abonner Pour fidéliser leurs clients ou en attirer de nouveaux, les entreprises distribuent parfois gratuitement leurs produits. Par exemple Facebook, Wikipédia ou encore les journaux gratuits semblent ne rien coûter. Et pourtant, ils ne sont pas tout à fait gratuits. A y regarder de plus près, il y a forcément quelqu’un qui paie pour le bien ou le service. Le client ? La publicité ? Les subventions ? D’autres acheteurs ? Dessine-moi l’éco fait le point sur les modèles qui donnent parfois l’illusion qu’un produit peut être gratuit.
  24. Jun 2020
  25. Apr 2020
    1. Law (act) 23 from 1982 on authors' rights / Ley 23 de 1982 sobre derechos de autor

      We have news about the law. the last Law about authors'rights was Law 1915 from 2018. Here the documento in PDF: http://es.presidencia.gov.co/normativa/normativa/LEY%201915%20DEL%2012%20DE%20JULIO%20DE%202018.pdf

    1. obras nacidas digitales que circulen en internet u otras redes de comunicación, sin importar la localización del servidor o servidores a partir de los cuales se difunden, la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia y las bibliotecas departamentales o la que haga sus veces

      Hacer explícito el cómo se hará y si existe algún tipo de excepción que cubra las acciones requeridas para estas capturas.

    2. copia digital legible

      Especificar a qué se refieren con una "copia digital legible". Puede referirse a la lectura por máquina que garantice la accesibilidad a personas con algún tipo de discapacidad, que se pueda ver y leer en un sentido convencional por personas sin mucha miopía o astigmatismo, como también en un sentido en el que se busque obtener el código fuente u otro soporte “matriz” para garantizar su preservación a largo plazo, garantizando así el acceso a su contenido permanentemente.

    3. protocolo definido por esta entidad

      Es recomendable publicar los protocolos establecidos acompañando la propuesta de reglamentación, de lo contrario se generaría vacío por una metarecomendación que no cubre la ley, ni el protocolo ni la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia.

    4. Remisión de obras a la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia y 2.8.1.8. Remisión de listado de obras al Instituto Caro y Cuervo

      La identificación de obras y publicación del anuario garantizan el cumplimiento de los objetivos del Depósito Legal mencionados en el Artículo 14 de este documento.

    5. Artículo 1. Deróguense

      Para la labor bibliotecaria y los proyectos digitales es fundamental conocer y tener acceso a los datos sobre la producción bibliográfica nacional, recolectar, organizar y analizar estos datos disponibles para investigaciones, la toma de decisiones sobre adquisición de materiales u otros aspectos relacionados con las actividades en las distintas tipologías bibliotecarias.

      Consideramos que la legislación debe promover la circulación de estos contenidos por medio de las entidades que para ello estén dispuestas y no vemos beneficioso que ésta actividad recaiga en una única institución. Esto podría generar sobre cargas laborales y limitaciones en los cumplimientos del propósito de esta normativa.

  26. Aug 2019
    1. Open Access and the Humanities) by Dr Martin Eve provides a really useful general introduction to open access, but then does a really good job of explaining the specific complexities for Humanities and Social Science scholars.

  27. Apr 2019
    1. the manuscripts that were discovered nine years ago, now in the University of Arkansas library with many of her other papers, are mostly complete and easily performed.

      I do recall this happening way more than it should. Not only just A.A but many other colored people. Thousands of art just now being discovered. As a woman of afo-latina descent it makes me proud to know more and more blacks of all ethnicities are becoming prominent in art today.

  28. Feb 2019
    1. Artigo 4.–Vixencia, duración e prórroga. Ultraactividade.O presente convenio entrará en vigor o día 1 de Xaneiro do 2016, independentemente da súa publicación no Boletín Oficial da Provincia. Terá unha duración de tres anos, ata o día 31 de decembro do ano 2018. En calquera caso o Convenio manterá a súa vixencia 24 meses máis do que estableza a normativa legal vixente de aplicación.
    1. Artigo 12.–Servicios extraordinarios.O persoal alleo á empresa que realice servicios extraordinarios percibirá as seguintes retribucións durante o ano 2018 PENDENTE DE REVISIÓN CO IPC DE 2018.Persoal de cociña: * Xefe de Cociña: 100,60 euros por servicio. * Cociñeiro: 77,98.Persoal de comedor: * Xefe de comedor: 98,74 euros por servicio. * Camareiro: 77,98. * Axudante: 77,98.Cando o persoal extra realice a faena de montaxe, percibirá por iso a cantidade de 6,04 euros durante o ano 2018 PENDENTE DE REVISIÓN CO IPC DE 2018.O servicio corrente de restaurante ou limoada será retribuído con 2,44 euros de soldo inicial e tanto por cento corres-pondente garantido de 53,38 euros diarios durante o ano 2018 PENDENTE DE REVISIÓN CO IPC DE 2018.Os servicios de esta índole fóra da localidade producirán un aumento do 15% correspondente, e sendo a cargo da empresa os portes de desplazamento, manutención e aloxamento a que houbere lugar
    2. Axudante/a de camareiro1023,06
    3. Camareiro/a1053,761074,84
    4. SECCIÓN 7ª TABERNAS QUE NON SERVEN COMIDAS
    5. Axudante/a de camareiro1140,501103,371076,781163,311125,431098,32
    6. Camareiro/a1165,181119,251090,951188,481141,641112,77
    7. Xefe/a de restaurante ou sala1209,481154,651106,831233,671177,751128,96
    8. Axudante de cociña1062,671053,761053,761083,931074,841074,84
    9. Cociñeiro/a1113,951063,231053,761136,231084,501074,84
    10. 3 TAZAS2 TAZAS1TAZA3 TAZAS2 TAZAS1TAZA
    11. SECCIÓN 5ª CAFETERIA
    12. 1163,451186,72Conductor/a equipo cateringPreparador/a restauración modernaAxudante/a de camareiro
    13. 1207,701231,85Camareiro/a
    14. Xefe/a de restaurante ou sala1251,961277,00
    15. Axudante de cociña1077,711099,26
    16. Axudante de cociña1062,671039,661025,481016,631016,631083,931060,461045,991036,971036,97
    17. Cociñeiro/a1207,701231,85
    18. Xefe/a de cociña1340,411367,22
    19. CATERING
    20. Axudante/a de camareiro1062,671039,661025,481025,481025,481083,931060,461045,991045,991045,99
    21. Camareiro/a1140,501082,311052,071041,381039,661163,311103,961073,111062,211060,46
    22. Xefe/a de restaurante ou sala1224,981115,501076,781051,671051,671249,481137,811098,321072,711072,71
    23. SECCIÓN 3ª RESTAURANTES CASAS DE COMIDAS E TABERNAS QUE SERVEN COMIDAS
    24. LUXOPRIMEIRASEGUNDATERCEIRACUARTA
    25. Xefe/a de cociña1224,981115,761067,961039,661039,661249,481138,071089,321060,461060,46
    26. táboas salariais dos anos 2017 e 2018 (quedando as táboas salariais do ano 2018 pendentes de revisión do IPC)
    27. Cociñeiro/a1113,951064,391027,181023,101023,101136,231085,681047,721043,561043,56
    1. Disposición transitoria única. Reglas de afectación de las nuevas cuantías del salario mínimo interprofesional a las referencias contenidas en normas no estatales y relaciones privadas.

      Estas excepciones, aparecen referidas claramente para contratos de carácter privado, en ningún caso para relaciones laborales, como convenios, a diferencia de las interpretaciones interesadas que proliferan en muchas páginas de análisis económicos y de consumo habitual de empresarios o perfiles conservadores o liberales.

    2. Este real decreto entrará en vigor el día siguiente al de su publicación en el «Boletín Oficial del Estado» y surtirá efectos durante el período comprendido entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2019, procediendo, en consecuencia, el abono del salario mínimo en el mismo establecido con efectos del 1 de enero de 2019
    3. para los trabajadores eventuales y temporeros y que incluye todos los conceptos retributivos, el salario mínimo de dichos empleados de hogar será de 7,04 euros por hora efectivamente trabajada.
    4. 1. Los trabajadores eventuales y temporeros cuyos servicios a una misma empresa no excedan de ciento veinte días percibirán, conjuntamente con el salario mínimo a que se refiere el artículo 1, la parte proporcional de la retribución de los domingos y festivos, así como de las dos gratificaciones extraordinarias a que, como mínimo, tiene derecho todo trabajador, correspondientes al salario de treinta días en cada una de ellas, sin que la cuantía del salario profesional pueda resultar inferior a 42,62 euros por jornada legal en la actividad.En lo que respecta a la retribución de las vacaciones de los trabajadores a que se refiere este artículo, dichos trabajadores percibirán conjuntamente con el salario mínimo interprofesional fijado en el artículo 1, la parte proporcional de este correspondiente a las vacaciones legales mínimas en los supuestos en que no existiera coincidencia entre el periodo de disfrute de las vacaciones y el tiempo de vigencia del contrato
    5. 1. La revisión del salario mínimo interprofesional establecida en este real decreto no afectará a la estructura ni a la cuantía de los salarios profesionales que viniesen percibiendo los trabajadores cuando tales salarios en su conjunto y en cómputo anual fuesen superiores a dicho salario mínimo.A tales efectos, el salario mínimo en cómputo anual que se tomará como término de comparación será el resultado de adicionar al salario mínimo fijado en el artículo 1 de este real decreto los devengos a que se refiere el artículo 2, sin que en ningún caso pueda considerarse una cuantía anual inferior a 12.600 euros
    6. El salario mínimo para cualesquiera actividades en la agricultura, en la industria y en los servicios, sin distinción de sexo ni edad de los trabajadores, queda fijado en 30 euros/día o 900 euros/mes, según que el salario esté fijado por días o por meses.En el salario mínimo se computa únicamente la retribución en dinero, sin que el salario en especie pueda, en ningún caso, dar lugar a la minoración de la cuantía íntegra en dinero de aquel.Este salario se entiende referido a la jornada legal de trabajo en cada actividad, sin incluir en el caso del salario diario la parte proporcional de los domingos y festivos. Si se realizase jornada inferior se percibirá a prorrata.
    7. En cumplimiento del mandato al Gobierno para fijar anualmente el salario mínimo interprofesional, contenido en el artículo 27.1 del texto refundido de la Ley del Estatuto de los Trabajadores aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 2/2015, de 23 de octubre, se procede mediante este real decreto a establecer las cuantías que deberán regir a partir del 1 de enero de 2019, tanto para los trabajadores fijos como para los eventuales o temporeros, así como para los empleados de hogar.
  29. Jan 2019
    1. Finding your teaching groove after a long stint away from the classroom.

      Advice for how to reenter the classroom after a long absence.

    1. grading final papers

      Grading final papers isn't the best time to provide a lot of qualitative feedback because student's aren't likely to read or use it. Formative feedback should be given early in the term.

    1. check in with your students; extend availabilities to meet; offer feedback, and follow up

      These four actions can do a lot to make students feel seen and connected.

    1. Thoughts on bringing current events into your classroom.

      A conversation between a PhD student and a professor of African American studies about how to discuss current events in difficult times.

    1. creating a “humanities lab”,

      I like this idea of creating a lab for problem-based learning in humanities classes. What other STEM-related practices could humanities borrow?

    1. assignment sheets

      Student success starts with clear expectations and a clear assignment sheet is part of that.

    1. But these tools require we think about their purpose, method, and audience just as carefully as when we design an essay prompt, a problem set, or any other assessment exercise.

      This is an example of when meta-teaching is helpful.

    1. Inevitably, what I find reaffirms aspects of writing pedagogy I’m familiar with while giving me fresh ways to express it to the new audiences with whom I’m working.

      Teaching writing in STEM disciplines is beneficial for the students and the teacher.

    1. On bringing lessons from dissertation writing into your classroom.

      What one PhD student learned about teaching from writing his dissertation.

    1. For graduate teaching assistants, this is the time when we introduce ourselves, lay out our expectations, and, hopefully, establish the tone and level of authority that we want to convey throughout the term.

      Good advice for the first day back to school for anyone looking for new ideas.

    1. semester-long, graded course on pedagogy through my university’s Learning Assistant Program.

      I would like to see the NYU course syllabus to see what pedagogy-related topics they cover.

    1. Regardless of your discipline, there’s a good chance that at some point you will be responsible for teaching or grading writing in some shape or form.

      This is an important point that a lot of people in fields outside of the liberal arts don't realize. Writing happens in all disciplines.

  30. Dec 2018
    1. Un sismo de 7.5 grados de magnitud se registró en el Océano Pacífico, a unos 150 kilómetros de Nueva Caledonia y de Vanuatu,

      Sismos grandes: antier, 20 de diciembre al sureste de Rusia, en el Pacífico al este de Australia el 5 de diciembre, en Alaska en noviembre 30, en Grecia en octubre 25, Indonesia con otro en octubre 1, todo esto en el 2018.

    1. “In sum, the unambiguous terms of License permit FedEx to copy the Materials on behalf of a school district exercising rights under the License and charge that district for that copying at a rate more than FedEx’s cost, in the absence of any claim that the school district is using the Materials for other than a ‘non-Commercial purpose.’ The motion to dismiss is granted.”

      The FedEx Office case offers a clear example to use when talking about the parameters of publishing/printing out BY-NC-SA licensed work. Our school bookstore approached the OER group about providing low cost “books” of CC licensed work. He made it clear he would make no profit off the copies. If they didn’t sell, that was fine. The bookstores are under threat from open licensed materials. What I thought was a lovely ploy to bring students into the bookstore to buy sundries, actually reflects his reality. Printing out CC licensed OER is best done at price that only can cover the price of the book and a small charge for their overhead.

    1. brief history

      I enjoyed learning about open licensing history, the OPL and the OCL, precursors to Creative Commons. I have read other writings of Dr. Wiley and his knew of his involvement with Lumen Learning and CC. I was not surprised to know that he connected the ideals open software and open publishing. I took for granted that a lot of software was open source, I didn’t question the duality between commercial software and the free stuff. Such thinking may mark a turning point for Open, reflecting how the concept of open can co-exists our heads. Things in the Open world seem to be gaining momentum. An example is the price of textbooks has plateaued and even fallen in the US. (bls.gov and fred.stlouisfed.org).

    1. Article providing information on some of the important details of of public domain, it’s legal backing, and the public interest.

      The article addresses how public domain objects returns to copyright when cultural institutions create photographic reproductions. This has the effect of limiting public access to culture. I’m curious if this may be related to local copyright law without Freedom of Panorama (FOP). Freedom of Panorama allows photographs and video of buildings, public art and other public work to be used for commercial purposes. Without it, any image/video of art, architecture and public are may be protected by copyright for a period of time. This map found on Wikipedia’s Freedom of Panorama entry, illustrates that many countries in the EU lack freedom of panorama such as France, Italy and Greece. If the freedom of panorama is given in local copyright, creating an image becomes a derivative work, without it, using it commercially violates copyright. Is a museum considered a public space and subject to FOP restrictions? Tricky. Further research found that this was being addressed by the EU in 2017 with limited success.

    1. We’ve failed: Pirate black open access is trumping green and gold and we must change our approach by Toby Green

      The author argues that the model of green and gold have not worked to further open scholarship and suggests solutions meant to increase revenue in scholarly publishing that supports Open Access. He claims piracy, such as Sci-Hub, and the lack of academic institution blocking access constitutes complicity. It is clear the scholarly model is broken. Access to journals and research is de facto open thus the industry needs to shift its business model.

      There is an additional resource I suggest be added, Paywall the Business of Scholarship documentary. It works as both an introduction to the topic, but also provides resources geared towards advocacy. It directly addresses issues with piracy and equity.

      The inclusion of multiple modes of content delivery is a great way to take advantage of online learning. Students expect to have text and visuals, such as the Open Access Explained video.

    1. Managing a Commons

      Nobel laureate in Economics, Elinor Ostrom’s work concerns the concept of the commons, how successful management is critical and why important to include all stakeholders. Her work addresses how communities manage and govern their commons. Her 8 Principles for Managing a Commons most likely was considered during the creation of Creative Commons. Comparing her principles, you can see how each one translates into CC’s work. The licenses define clear boundaries with the four elements BY, SA, NC and ND. CC has developed a system of monitoring and management carried out by community members. Following these principles, as CC does, keeps the organization responsive to change and working with communities worldwide. I found myself reflecting on how a successful use of the commons can translate to success, but also disappointed to realize bringing people together isn’t easy. This makes the CC an impressive expression of the 8 Concepts working in a real world situation.

  31. Oct 2018
    1. https://screenshots.firefox.com/TjrupUIYRUQ5CEcb/www.onet.pl

      1. Jacek Majchrowski pozwie premiera Morawieckiego? Pozew jest już gotowy. - dotyczy to spraw lokalnych, warto śledzić dalsze poczynania

      2. Ma 92 zarzuty i siedzi w areszcie. W pierwszej turze zdobył 48,47 proc. głosów. - jest to dość ciekawy temat dla osób, które interesują się polityką

      3. Trump zapowiada wycofanie się z układu rozbrojeniowego. Reakcje na świecie. - temat dotyczy prezydenta jednego z najważniejszych państw na świecie, a jego decyzje mogą być odczuwalne przez bardzo długi czas.

  32. Sep 2018
    1. The numbers variable can reference an array of int values. Notice that this statement looks like a regular int variable declaration except for the set of brackets that appears after the key word int. The brackets indicate that this variable is a reference to an int array.

      What differentiates an array variable from a regular variable is the set of brackets i.e []

    2. As with any other type of object, it is possible to declare a reference variable and create an instance of an array with one statement. Here is an example:int[] numbers = new int[6];Arrays of any data type can be declared. The following are all valid array declarations:float[] temperatures = new float[100];char[] letters = new char[41];long[] units = new long[50];double[] sizes = new double[1200]

      The arrays can have any data type e.g. char, string

    1. More information about other open movements

      OER Africa is an OER organization that promotes resources and professional development and is a solid example of OER in the global south.

    2. Free Culture Game by Molle Industria. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 A game to help understand the concept of free culture http://www.molleindustria.org/en/freeculturegame/

      This should probably not be 3 different bullet points as it is all one resource. Also, quick question, how does this illustrate 'other' open movements as it seems to be about what free culture is.

    3. The Tragedy of the Commons by Boundless & Lumen Learning

      The link to this text is broken. Boundless has gone out of business. I would suggest as a replacement the Wikipedia article on this topic. It is a B-class article and is organized in a logical fashion.

    1. More information about limitations and exceptions to copyright

      The Fair Use Index. This resource tracks judicial decisions to help better understand the types of uses courts have previously determined to be fair—or not fair. Includes a variety of courts. Fair Use is determined by the judicial branch.

    1. Additional Resources

      How are Creative Commons Licenses Designed?. From OER Africa. Great explanation from the global south. Provides basic clear understanding of the design of a license.

    2. Additional Resources

      Licensing or Copyright guidance FAQ from Open Oregon. Great DYI resource that provides practical answers to a lot of questions.

    3. A brief history outlining open content licensing and why the licenses were eventually replaced by the more robust Creative Commons licenses

      Formating, only one bullet needed.

    1. More information about license compatibility

      Fair use and mixing "all rights reserved" with open content. Something that many content creators struggle with. Includes an example statement. http://support.skillscommons.org/faqs/q-if-proprietary-licensed-material-is-being-mixed-with-new-oer-materials-what-licenses-should-be-used/ . Also indirectly helps with understanding traditional versus creative commons (know the license of the works you are planning to remix).

    2. More information about license compatibility

      A tool to help mix licenses: http://www.web2rights.com/creativecommons/ . Helps to automate compatibility questions.

    3. "Are Creative Commons Licenses Overly Permissive? The Case of a Predatory Publisher". This article is a bit alarmist about predatory publishers republishing (incorrectly) cc material. Important to understand real world use cases of cc and how this affects perception of the license by academics.

    1. The Redalyc project. From the global south, this project is a digital library of OA journals. Creative Commons 2.5.

    2. Joseph Esposity "Libraries Face a Future of Open Access" published by [The Scholarly Kitchen](https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/) on May 23, 2018. Pull quote: "What appears to get lost in discussions of the march of cancelled contracts in Europe is that it is not just publishers that are being disrupted. This is a disruption to the entire ecosystem. When the favor comes due, we may not like the terms, but pay we will."

  33. Aug 2018