...but what if some of them...didn't.

Autogenerate ALT descriptions from images

It's not. It's a document markup language.

Most Web developers, however—going back to 1999 and before—certainly treat it like it's a display technology.

Kalir, Jeremiah H. “The Value of Social Annotation for Teaching and Learning: Promoting Comprehension, Collaboration and Critical Thinking with Hypothesis.” White paper. San Francisco: Hypothes.is, October 21, 2022. https://web.hypothes.is/research-white-paper/

An intriguing story of influential annotations in the history of science can be seen in Gingerich's The Book Nobody Read in which he traces annotations by teachers and students of Copernicus' De revolutionibus to show spread of knowledge in early modern astronomy.

Gingerich, Owen. The Book Nobody Read: Chasing the Revolutions of Nicolaus Copernicus. William Heinemann, 2004.

https://wiki.laptop.org/go/User:Sj/coralline

https://adactio.com/journal/19650

https://cohost.org/rc/welcome

https://lucahammer.com/

May I just miss the core of this bit entirely and mention coming home to Betty on the couch, letting the kids watch, unsure of what to do.

And the fucking Campbells, dressed up for a wedding in front of the TV, unsure of what to do.

Though, if I might add, comparing Twitter to the abstract of television, itself, would be unfortunate, if unfortunately accurate, considering how much more granular the consumptive controls are to the user. Use Twitter Lists, you godforsaken human beings.

https://reason.com/2022/11/16/suburban-mom-jailed-handcuffed-cps-son-walk-home/

WTF?! And in Texas where people are supposed to be "free".

https://the-federation.info/

An aggregation site with data about the broader Fediverse and projects within it.

https://blog.mahabali.me/pedagogy/pedagogical-snacking-transforming-classroom-dynamics/

Providing a snack break during classes can dramatically improve the participants' participation and cohesion.

Providing a snack break before a peer feedback classroom session can dramatically improve the interactions during it.

This is not dissimilar to conferences providing socializing and snacking time/spaces both at the start of the event and throughout the day.

Gen-Z is more trusting of data handling by social media companies

For most categories of businesses, Gen Z adults are less likely to trust a business to protect the privacy of their data as compared to other generations. Social media is the one exception.

https://zettelkasten.social/about

Someone has registered the domain and it is hosted by masto.host, but not yet active as of 2022-11-13

From Wikipedia page on Icarus Paradox. Example of architectural design/technical debt leading to an "interest rate" that eventually collapsed the organization. How can one "pay down the principle" and not just the "compound interest"? What does that look like for this scenario? More invest in workforce retraining?

Humans are complex, adaptive systems. Machines have a long history of being complicated, efficient (but not robust) systems. Is there a way to bridge this gap? What does an antifragile system of machines look like? Supervised learning? How do we ensure we don't fall prey to the oracle problem?

Baskerville, R.L.; Land, F. (2004). "Socially Self-destructing Systems". The Social Study of Information and Communication Technology: Innovation, actors, contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 263–285

If wishing only made it happen...

The use of kafala shows a shift from a meaning of social responsibility into a meaning co-opted by capitalism and social contract.

It's been fine for years! I understand the intention behind informing readers of what the onboarding experience is like at this very moment, but if you're going to be part of this absurdly latent, dense wave of folks suddenly giving Mastodon a try, I think it's important you be very explicit about your lack of experience before the most intense influx of users in the history of the Fediverse.

Are you sure about this argument, Janus? Are you sure you comprehensively tried all methods of onboarding?

https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1589700721121058817.html

https://fedified.com/

meh... This looks dreadful...

Why not just use the built in rel-me verification available in Twitter directly with respect to individual websites?

https://tracydurnell.com/2022/11/01/the-addictive-nature-of-twitter/

https://doctorow.medium.com/how-to-leave-dying-social-media-platforms-9fc550fe5abf

Well... I can't seem to get this webpage to render with the Hypothes.is sidebar alongside, so I'm going to have a go at just including entirety of the content in markdown format, annotated and presented in this same note.

Eugen Rochko Time Interview

["Thousands Have Joined Mastodon Since Twitter Changed Hands. Its Founder Has a Vision for Democratizing Social Media."]

Mastodon, a decentralized microblogging site named after an extinct type of mammoth, {I'm sorry... what??? You didn't even fucking ask, did you?} recorded 120,000 new users in the four days following billionaire Elon Musk’s acquisition of Twitter, its German-born founder Eugen Rochko tells TIME. Many of them were Twitter users seeking a new place to call their online home.

Those users, whether they knew it or not, were following in the footsteps of Rochko, 29, who began coding Mastodon in 2016 after becoming disillusioned with Twitter. “I was thinking that being able to express myself online to my friends through short messages was very important to me, important also to the world, and that maybe it should not be in the hands of a single corporation,” Rochko says. “It was generally related to a feeling of distrust of the top down control that Twitter exercised.”

Mastodon, which proudly proclaims it is [“not for sale”] and has around [4.5 million] user accounts, is pretty similar to Twitter, once users get past the complicated sign-up process. The main difference is that it’s not one cohesive platform, but actually a collection of different, independently-run and self-funded servers. Users on different servers can still communicate with each other, but anybody can set up their own server, and set their own rules for discussion. Mastodon is a crowdfunded nonprofit, which funds the full-time work of Rochko—its sole employee—and several popular servers.

The platform doesn’t have the power to force server owners to do anything—even comply with basic content moderation standards. That sounds like a recipe for an online haven for far-right trolls. But in practice, many of Mastodon’s servers have stricter rules than Twitter, Rochko says. When hate-speech servers do appear, other servers can band together to block them, essentially ostracizing them from the majority of the platform. “I guess you could call it the democratic process,” Rochko says.

The recent influx from Twitter, Rochko says, has been a vindication. “It is a very positive thing to find that your work is finally being appreciated and respected and more widely known,” he says. “I have been working very, very hard to push the idea that there is a better way to do social media than what the commercial companies like Twitter and Facebook allow.”

TIME spoke with Rochko on Oct. 31.

This interview has been condensed and edited for clarity.

What do you think of what Elon Musk is doing at Twitter?

I don’t know. The man is not entirely comprehensible. I don’t agree with a lot of his behaviors and his decision-making. I think that buying Twitter was an impulse decision that he soon regretted. And that he basically got himself into a situation that kind of forced him to commit to the deal. And now he’s in it, and he has to deal with the fallout.

I specifically disagree with his stance on free speech, because I think that it depends on your interpretation of what free speech means. If you allow the most intolerant voices to be as loud as they want to, you’re going to shut down voices of different opinions as well. So allowing free speech by just allowing all speech is not actually leading to free speech, it just leads to a cesspit of hate.

I think that is a very uniquely American idea of creating this marketplace of ideas where you can say anything you want completely without limits. It is very foreign to the German mindset where we, in our Constitution, our number one priority is maintaining human dignity. And so, hate speech is not part of the German concept of free speech, for example. So I think that when Elon Musk says that everything’s gonna be allowed, or whatever, I generally disagree with that.

How do you ensure on Mastodon, given that it’s decentralized and you don’t have the power to ban users, that the space is welcoming and safe?

Well, this is the kind of strange dichotomy of how it’s turned out. On the one hand, the technology itself is what allows basically anyone to host their own independent social media server, and to basically be able to do anything they want with it. There is no way for Mastodon, the company, or anyone really—except the normal law enforcement procedures—to really go after anyone specifically running a Mastodon server. The way that you would shut down a normal web site is how you would shut down a Mastodon server, there’s no difference there. So on that end, it kind of turns out to be the ultimate free speech platform. But obviously that’s basically just a side effect of creating a tool that can be used by anyone. It’s kind of like cars. Cars are used by everyone, even bad people, even for bad purposes, there’s nothing you can do about it, because the tool is out there. However, I think that the differentiating factor to something like Twitter or Facebook, is that on Mastodon, when you host your own server, you can also decide what rules you want to enforce on that server, which allows communities to create safer spaces than they could otherwise have on these large platforms that are interested in serving as many people as possible, perhaps driving engagement up on purpose to increase time people spend on the web.

You can have communities that have much stricter rules than Twitter has. And in practice, a lot of them are [stricter]. And this is part of where, again, the technology intersects with guidance or leadership from Mastodon the company. I think that, through the way that we communicate publicly, we have avoided attracting a crowd of the kind of people who you would find on Parler or Gab, or whatever other internet hate forums. Instead we’ve attracted the kind of people who would moderate against hate speech when running their own servers. Additionally, we also act as a guide for anyone who wants to join. Because on our website, and our apps, we provide a default list of curated servers that people can make accounts on. And through that, we make sure that we curate the list in such a way that any server that wants to be promoted by us has to agree to a certain basic set of rules, one of which is that no hate speech is allowed, no sexism, no racism, no homophobia, or transphobia. And through that, we ensure that the association between Mastodon, the brand, and the experience that people want is that of a much safer space than something like Twitter.

But what happens if you hateful people do set up a server?

Well, obviously, they don’t get promoted on our “Join Mastodon” website or in our app. So whatever they do, they do on their own and completely separately, and the other administrators that run their own Mastodon servers, when they find out that there’s a new hate speech server, they may decide that they don’t want to receive any messages from the server and block it on their end. Through, I guess you could call it the democratic process, the hateful server can get ostracized or can get split off into basically, a little echo chamber, which is, I guess, no better or worse than them being in some other echo chamber. ::The internet is full of spam::. It’s full of abuse, of course. Mastodon provides the facilities necessary to deal with unwanted content, both on the user end and on the operator end.

What made you want to go into building a service like this back in 2016?

I remember that I was just not very happy with Twitter, and I was worried where it was going to go from there. Something very questionable was in its future. That got me thinking that, you know, being able to express myself online to my friends through short messages was actually very important to me, important also to the world, and that maybe it should not be in the hands of a single corporation that can just do whatever it wants with it. I started working on my own thing. I called it Mastodon because I’m not good at naming things. I just chose whatever came to my mind at the time.(fn) There was obviously no ambition of going big with it at the time.

It must feel pretty special to see something that you made grow from nothing to where it is now.

Indeed, it is. It is a very positive thing to find that your work is finally being appreciated and respected and more widely known. I’ve been fighting for this for a long time, I started working on Mastodon in 2016, back then I had no ambitions of it going far at all. It was very much a hobbyist project at the start, then when I launched publicly it seemed to strike a chord with at least the tech community and that’s when I got the original Patreon supporters that allowed me to take on this job full time. And from then on I have been working very, very hard to make this platform as accessible and as easy to use for everyone as possible. And to push the idea forward, that there is a better way to do social media than what the commercial companies like Twitter and Facebook allow.

https://pruvisto.org/debirdify/

Tool for moving some of your Twitter data over to Mastodon or other parts of the Fediverse.

https://theconversation.com/mass-migration-from-twitter-is-likely-to-be-an-uphill-battle-just-ask-ex-tumblr-users-193677

Esta es la entelequia que asumen muchos que hablan de "odio de clases". Tal cual sigue existiendo esta tendencia, por lo general promovida por políticos de derecha y repetida por otros.

-I will download the full article in EBSCO.

-This article will provide me with information on the popular learning theory of social constructivism and its benefits.

-rating 7/10

Stigmar, M. (2016). Peer-to-peer teaching in higher education: A critical literature review. Mentoring & Tutoring: partnership in learning, 24(2), 124-136.

DHS pivots as "war on terror" winds down

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security pivots from externally-focused terrorism to domestic social media monitoring.

There are lessons in Frederic L. Paxson's 1938 address to the American Historical Association for todays social media culture and the growing realm of cancel culture when he remarked that historians "needed Cheyney's warning... not to write in 1917 or 1918 what might be regretted in 1927 and 1928.

https://mastodon.social/

SO... y'all tech media folks finally willing and able to acknowledge Mastodon's existence now?

https://www.theverge.com/2022/10/28/23428132/elon-musk-twitter-acquisition-problems-speech-moderation

Running Twitter is more complicated than you think.

Twitter's primary asset is not their technology, but their addicted user base.

Bryan Ali Salgado Constantino . Número de cuenta: 316198743. Servicio Social. Directora: Layla Michán Aguirre. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM Carrera de Actuaría. Manejo de información institucional para ciencia y tecnología. 01 de marzo de 2022 - 10 de octubre de 2022. Probatorios: https://hypothes.is/search?q=BryanAliSalgadoConstantino

"Yessica Galicia Pérez. Número de cuenta: 316268947 . Servicio Social. Directora: Layla Michán Aguirre. Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM Carrera de Actuaría. Programación para análisis y visualización bases de datos en ciencias biológicas. 21 de febrero de 2022 - 25 de octubre de 2022. Probatorios: https://hypothes.is/search?q=YessicaGaliciaP%C3%A9rez"

In academia, the act of not taking notes can act as an external signal of superiority or even indifference.

Case in point, October 21, 2022 headline from Bloomberg News: "Musk Gutting Twitter Would Be a Threat to Us All." This hysterical headline highlights Mr. MacIntyre's point, which I quoted here, about Twitter and elites. Moreover, the wording leads one to wonder whether Bloomberg News has contacts inside Twitter.

https://www.carnegie.org/our-work/article/do-colleges-fulfill-the-promise-of-social-mobility/

https://glasp.co/home

Glasp is a startup competitor in the annotations space that appears to be a subsidiary web-based tool and response to a large portion of the recent spate of note taking applications.

Some of the first users and suggested users are names I recognize from this tools for thought space.

On first blush it looks like it's got a lot of the same features and functionality as Hypothes.is, but it also appears to have some slicker surfaces and user interface as well as a much larger emphasis on the social aspects (followers/following) and gamification (graphs for how many annotations you make, how often you annotate, streaks, etc.).

It could be an interesting experiment to watch the space and see how quickly it both scales as well as potentially reverts to the mean in terms of content and conversation given these differences. Does it become a toxic space via curation of the social features or does it become a toxic intellectual wasteland when it reaches larger scales?

What will happen to one's data (it does appear to be a silo) when the company eventually closes/shuts down/acquihired/other?

The team behind it is obviously aware of Hypothes.is as one of the first annotations presented to me is an annotation by Kei, a cofounder and PM at the company, on the Hypothes.is blog at: https://web.hypothes.is/blog/a-letter-to-marc-andreessen-and-rap-genius/

But this is true for Glasp. Science researchers/writers use it a lot on our service, too.—Kei

cc: @dwhly @jeremydean @remikalir

https://glasp.co/

Glasp is a recent entrant to the social web highlighting and note taking space.

Spreading misinformation and disinformation is really easy in this day and age because of how accessible information is and how much of it there is on the web. This is explained precisely by Edgerly. Noted in this part of the article, there is a business for the spread of disinformation, particularly in our country. There are people who pay what we call online trolls, to spread disinformation and capitalize on how “chronically online” Filipinos are, among many other factors (i.e., most Filipinos’ information illiteracy due to poverty and lack of educational attainment, how easy it is to interact with content we see online, regardless of its authenticity, etc.). Disinformation also leads to misinformation through word-of-mouth. As stated by Edgerly in this article, “people tend to believe in information… shared by their immediate families and friends”; because of people’s human nature to trust the information shared by their loved ones, if one is not information literate, they will not question their newly received information. Lastly, it most certainly does not help that social media algorithms nowadays rely on what users interact with; the more that a user interacts with a certain information, the more that social media platforms will feed them that information. It does not help because not all social media websites have fact checkers and users can freely spread disinformation if they chose to.

Crazy! This underscores how badly Mastodon—and ActivityPub, generally—need to be revved to enable network participation from low-cost (essentially free) static* sites.

* quasi-static, really—in the way that RSS-enabled blogs are generally considered static sites

Not only programmed accounts are created but also troll accounts that propagate disinformation and spread fake news with the intent to cause havoc on every people. In short, once they start with a malicious comment some people will engage with the said comment which leads to more rage comments and disagreements towards each other. That is what they do, they trigger people to engage in their comments so that they can be spread more and produce more fake news. These troll accounts usually are prominent during elections, like in the Philippines some speculates that some of the candidates have made troll farms just to spread fake news all over social media in which some people engage on.

In all honesty, since I don't usually dwell on technology, coding, and stuff. I thought when you say "Bot" it is controlled by another user like a legit person, never knew that it was programmed and created to learn the usual patterns of posting of some people may be it on Twitter, Facebook, and other social media platforms. I think it is important to properly understand how "Bots" work to avoid misinformation and disinformation most importantly during this time of prominent social media use.

In a democracy, is it not just rule by majority, but rule by the most organized that ends up dominating the society?

Perhaps C. Wright Mills' work on the elite has some answers?

The Republican party's use of organization to create gerrymandering is a clear example of using extreme organization to create minority rule. Cross reference: Slay the Dragon in which this issue is laid out with the mention of using a tiny amount of money to careful gerrymander maps to provide outsized influences and then top-down outlines to imprint broad ideas from a central location onto smaller individual constituencies (state and local).

Again he uses the idea of a "file" which I read and understand as similar to the concepts of zettelkasten or commonplace book. Unlike others writing about these concepts though, he seems to be taking a more holistic and integrative (life) approach to having and maintaining such system.

Perhaps a more extreme statement of this might be written as "zettelkasten is life" or the even more extreme "life is zettelkasten"?

Is his grounding in sociology responsible for framing it as a "social organization" of one's memory?

It's not explicit, but this statement could be used as underpinning or informing the idea of using a card index as autobiography.

How does this compare to other examples of this as a function?

!- slogan : from climate change to system change

Is part of this effect compounded by America's history of the Protestant work ethic (see Max Weber)?

Do the wealthy/powerful benefit by this structure of penalizing the unemployed this way? Is there a direct benefit to them? Or perhaps the penalty creates a general downward pressure on overall wages and thus provides an indirect benefit to those in power?

What are the underlying reasons we tax the unemployed this way?

The savings indicated here is almost a factor of 10! How can we not be doing this?

Compare with statistics and descriptions from Why Fewer American Children Are Living in Poverty (New York Times, The Daily, 2022-09-26)

https://sociology.wustl.edu/people/mark-rank

Herbert S. Hadley Professor of Social Welfare Washington University in Saint Louis,

https://psychology.ucsc.edu/about/people/faculty.php?uid=hbullock

Heather E. Bullock is an American social psychologist. She is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Blum Center on Poverty, Social Enterprise, and Participatory Governance at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Bullock is known for her research on people's beliefs about economic disparities and the consequences of stereotypical beliefs about the poor on public policy. This includes work examining attributions about poverty made by news media, and how such attributions influence public support of welfare policies https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heather_E._Bullock

https://opportunityinsights.org/

If two-parent families are so important, where is the support for all two-parent families? Where is economic support for these going to magically appear? Is he pushing that agenda?

The arrest and incarceration rates for African-American men is primarily a tax on Black families which tends to split them up and destabilize them appalling rates. Why not mention this as something that could be helped in his argument here?

He seems to be doing a lot of cherry picking.

Gladwell, Malcolm. “Million-Dollar Murray.” The New Yorker, February 5, 2006. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/02/13/million-dollar-murray (.pdf copy available at https://housingmatterssc.org/million-dollar-murray/)

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/information-overload-helps-fake-news-spread-and-social-media-knows-it/

Good overview article of some of the psychology research behind misinformation in social media spaces including bots, AI, and the effects of cognitive bias.

Probably worth mining the story for the journal articles and collecting/reading them.

Could this be linked to my FUD thesis about decisions based on possibilities rather than realities?

Popularity ≠ quality in social media.

The upshot of this paper seems to be "information overload alone can explain why fake news can become viral."

In the attention economy, social media is the equivalent of fast food. Just like going out for fine dining or even healthier gourmet cooking at home, we need to make the time and effort to consume higher quality information sources. Books, journal articles, and longer forms of content with more editorial and review which take time and effort to produce are better choices.

In our week 2 module it was mentioned that our assumption in this class is that we are going to assume that because learning is social and influenced by culture, knowledge is constructed with others, not in isolation. With that being said, if we have more access to more information to learn from than we also have access to more people who are influencing this learning. In that case, the social support would not be weak as stated in this quote if I am understanding it correctly. The more knowledge we have to learn means the more people who are sharing their knowledge with us. We will always be connecting with apps like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc which provide us with information from other which is what makes it social! When someone shares a picture of there new way of using their phone that is sociable knowledge that is being spread in which their friends will learn from!

Reading this sentence makes me think of what "social" means in social media. Simply put, like mentioned the exchange of information from one person to another. As mentioned in the "A Chronological History of Social Media" reading, social interactions can occur when people make friends with each other and share interests, look to find jobs, or even share news to a large group. These are all different scenarios but that is all an exchange of information.

This idea is something that I've thought of a few times before, and that is where and how do you define being actually social. I think one way to explain how the idea of being social or alone in situations like the ones listed is mainly in context, but with the idea of physical proximity being less important. One way I think it being social could be shown is that you may feel alone in a waiting area or lobby even though there are people around you; but if you are texting your friends or emailing your coworkers that could be seen as being social still. However if you were at a party with your peers and are just stuck on your phone interacting with people through social media, then that would be unsocial.

Social media does allow people to have many connections. However, these connections are often with people who think and believe the same things as the user. This is not inherently bad, but it can lead to sameness and no need for creativity on the users side. I believe people should seek out ties with others who do have differing beliefs. Creating ties with many different kinds of people creates stronger more meaningful ties among social media. It also creates a more cohesive community.

"How to Ditch Facebook Without Losing Friends"

New effort by [[Cory Doctorow]] and EFF.

https://mleddy.blogspot.com/2005/05/tools-for-serious-readers.html

Interesting (now discontinued) reading list product from Levenger that in previous generations may have been covered by a commonplace book but was quickly replaced by digital social products (bookmark applications or things like Goodreads.com or LibraryThing.com).

Presently I keep a lot of this sort of data digitally myself using either/both: Calibre or Zotero.

Here's the beginning of my true falling out with the Obsidian community.

Bjorn, Genevive A., Laura Quaynor, and Adam J. Burgasser. “Reading Research for Writing: Co-Constructing Core Skills Using Primary Literature.” Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice 7, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 47–58. https://doi.org/10.5195/ie.2022.237

Found via:

#AcademicTwitter I survived crushing reading loads in grad school by creating a straightforward method for analyzing primary literature, called #CERIC. Saved my sanity and improved my focus. @PhDVoice. Here’s the free paper - https://t.co/YehbLQNEqJ

— Genevive Bjorn (@GeneviveBjorn) September 11, 2022

I'm curious how this is similar to the traditions of commonplace books and zettelkasten from a historical perspective.

The social annotation being discussed here is geared toward classroom work involving reading and absorbing basic literature in an area of the sort relating to lower level literature reviews done for a particular set of classes.

It is not geared toward the sort of more hard targeted curated reading one might do on their particular thesis topic, though this might work in concert with a faculty advisor on a 1-1 basis.

My initial thought on approaching the paper was for the latter and not the former.

Research on social annotation

I super curious about how one does social collaborative annotation at the doctoral level? Doesn't the reading at this level get very sparce for these sorts of techniques?

Or annotate it right now: https://docdrop.org/pdf/Are-Your-Students-Doing-the-Rea---Hypothes.is-gaulj.pdf/

the first paragraph gives background information of life in the town. the trial judges attended church, where the sermon was preached by the Sheriff's chaplain (apprentice/helper) showing a strong connection between church and state in England.

Recency bias and social media will turn your daily inputs into useless, possibly rage-inducing, information.

Schafer, B. (2021, October 5). RT Deutsch Finds a Home with Anti-Vaccination Skeptics in Germany. Alliance For Securing Democracy. https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/rt-deutsch-youtube-antivaccination-germany/

Thomas, L. (2021, October 14). SARS-CoV-2 induces tissue immune memory. News-Medical.Net. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20211014/SARS-CoV-2-induces-tissue-immune-memory.aspx

Karim, S. S. A., & Karim, Q. A. (2021). Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: A new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6

Bevan, R. (2022, February 27). Discord Bans Covid-19 And Vaccine Misinformation. The Gamer. https://www.thegamer.com/discord-anti-vax-covid-19-misinformation-ban-community-guidelines/

Hunderte Menschen protestierten gegen Corona-Maßnahmen. (2021, November 28). www.t-online.de. https://www.t-online.de/-/91225726

Pagel, C., & McKee, M. (2021, October 7). Why is England doing worse against Covid than its European neighbours? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/oct/07/england-vaccine-just-plus-europe-covid

Zaig, G. (n.d.). 20% of Americans believe microchips are inside COVID-19 vaccines—Study. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.Com. Retrieved July 21, 2021, from https://www.jpost.com/omg/20-percent-of-americans-believe-microchips-are-inside-covid-19-vaccine-study-674272

Schlagenhauf, P., & Deuel, J. (2021). Concerts and COVID: Can the beat go on? The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00721-0

Harford, T. (2021, May 6). What magic teaches us about misinformation. https://www.ft.com/content/5cea69f0-7d44-424e-a121-78a21564ca35

Gelfand, M., Li, R., Stamkou, E., Pieper, D., Denison, E., Fernandez, J., Choi, V. K., Chatman, J., Jackson, J. C., & Dimant, E. (2021). Persuading Republicans and Democrats to Comply with Mask Wearing: An Intervention Tournament. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6gjh8