Smart Cities Dive. ‘Few Mayors Expect to Keep COVID-Inspired Changes to Public Spaces, Survey Finds’. Accessed 17 April 2021. https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/news/few-mayors-expect-to-keep-covid-inspired-changes-to-public-spaces-survey-f/597582/?mc_cid=1c26278a4e&mc_eid=d5b42264a8.

first sighting: "inscrutable" Nice word!

Prof. Christina Pagel [@chrischirp] really good tweet thread diving into the Lancet study on long term mental health conditions after severe covid.Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1379787936238014464

Eric-Feigl-Ding [@Dr EricDing} (2020) 5) If you’re an island like Britain is, you shouldn’t have 4.3 million #COVID19 cases, yet 🇬🇧 did somehow. Result is not just 127k deaths, but also 1.1 million #LongCovid cases... or 25% of all infected. Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1379787890826313728

The BMJ. ‘Marija Pantelic and Nisreen Alwan: The Stigma Is Real for People Living with Long Covid’, 25 March 2021. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/03/25/marija-pantelic-and-nisreen-alwan-the-stigma-is-real-for-people-living-with-long-covid/.

Goodnough, A. (2020, December 1). Long-Term-Care Residents and Health Workers Should Get Vaccine First, C.D.C. Panel Says. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/01/health/covid-vaccine-distribution-cdc.html

In Chapter Two: ‘Discussion on Making All Things Equal’, Zhuangzi focuses in on the concept of words, their meaning, and moral truths. He first begins by questioning the entire purpose of words, bringing uncertainty to what he may believe is the common understanding of the purpose of language. He further does so by asking if our language does any more than a peep of a bird. These statements are not meant to be taken literally. Instead, he makes these statements to bring forward the truth that words do hold meaning, and a fixed meaning. Furthermore, Zhuangzi is asking questions about truth itself, also known as the Way. 

Next, Zhuangzi asks what is the Way based on and if it is reliant on there being an objective truth. Following this, he asks if words are not also reliant on objective truth. Without an objective truth, he wonders if words can truly represent anything. If truth is relative, then what difference would there be between a bird’s peep and a conversation held between two people. In both situations, the meaning of the sounds would be up to the listener to decide what they mean to that person if the words do not represent some objective truth of meaning.

During this period, there existed two prominent forms of thinking that are both frequently mentioned known as Confucianism and Mohism. Both of these ideologies profess some sort of truth that are considered to be in opposition in one way or another. These professed truths are meant to give a better understanding of the Way, which is part of an understanding of the proper way to live. However, both cannot be right if they oppose one another, and surely the Way is not properly understood in such an opposition. 

Zhuangzi is making a distinction of the Way and words. The Way being more of an understanding of the objective moral truths and how to live them. Words, on the other hand, act as representatives of the moral truths. It is how we communicate to one another about our understanding of the moral truths and how to live them. However, as we get caught up in our feuds of vain shows of intelligence and logical rhetors between opposing parties seeking truth, we stop actually seeking the truth. Our words become oriented towards victory over another on who holds the truth rather than oriented towards best representing the truth. 

Therefore, Zhuangzi ends this passage saying that if we want to discover where the truth lies, then we must throw off these poorly oriented arguments and clarify. By clarify, he means to focus all energy into discovering and properly representing the truth, rather than winning the arguments. Through this, we will be able to discover the truths that are in some way held in both the Confucians and Mohists and form a clear understanding of the objective moral truth, find the Way. 

Following the theme of many of the passages, the passage “Hui Tzu said to Chuang Tzu ‘I have a big tree…’” crafts a narrative of the limited perspective many people tend to have, and the world need not be constrained to. In earlier passage “Free and Easy Wandering”, Zhuangzi demonstrates well the issue of limited perspectives in terms of magnitude in both time and space. However, in the passage of the big tree, Zhuangzi demonstrates the issue of limited perspectives in terms of skill and use. The passage begins with Huizi claiming that a gnarled, bumpy, bent, twisty tree would be entirely useless. He then uses this tree analogy to demonstrate that Zhuangzi’s words and philosophies act in a similar manner: they serve no purpose to anyone. However, Zhuangzi cleverly responds with the very same philosophies that Huizi is attacking. 

Zhuangzi makes clear the failure of Huizi is in his inability to imagine the various uses something may hold outside the more obvious metrics of usefulness. The first analogy he draws is that of a wildcat or a weasel. Such an animal has use, or capacity, in particular fields such as crouching, hiding, leaping and racing. However, when the animal is caught within a trap or net, it is ‘useless’ in escaping and dies. The second analogy is of a yak. It is large but has no use when it comes to catching rats, unlike a wildcat. The point of these analogies is to say that usefulness is inappropriate to be used as a function of the object’s ability to satisfy the observer’s needs. If rats are needed to be caught by one observer, the fact that a yak is unable to catch rats does not eliminates the yaks use entirely, as it can provide meat, clothing, and company. Likewise, to a carpenter, who has a particular need, this gnarled tree may have no use. However, this does not eliminate the use the tree may serve to satisfy other needs. Here, Zhuangzi takes a moment to consider places where the tree may serve to satisfy needs. He describes fictional villages for relaxation where such a tree would serve well to provide a place to relax, especially as it would not be at threat of being felled by an axe. 

Just as Huizi, people tend to become stuck in their own perspective and fail to consider the various perspectives that exist. This false consensus effect can lead people to judge other objects as useless because it is seemingly useless to them. Though Zhuangzi’s words may seem worthless to Huizi, there may be others who find value in his words, or Zhuangzi may find them useful himself. Furthermore, Zhuangzi makes a greater point from this position: usefulness is not a function of need, but a function of effect. First, he elucidates how the tree is causing Huizi to be distressed, even if by uselessness. Next, Zhuangzi questions how something without a use can cause grief or pain. The question is to say that if something has no use, how can it have an effect at all because then it would be ‘used’ in achieving an effect. If something is truly useless, it must not have any ability to achieve any sort of end. Huizi’s distress is an end in which the tree’s existence caused. 

To bridge Zhuangzi’s philosophy to more common day philosophy, he seems to be making an argument out of relativism. However, not moral relativism as we understand it currently but a revised relativism that better mirrors epistemological or measurable relativism mentioned by earlier thinkers such as Einstein where objective truth exists and is measurable, but the particular context or relationship of the truth must be specified, such as speed is a truth understood as a relationship of a changing distance between two objects. Similarly, Zhuangzi shows Huizi that in some perspectives, it may appear that the tree serves no use, just as to some perspectives it may appear an object is not moving. However, the objective truth that the tree has use or the object is moving is still true, it just requires a different perspective to see the relationship. 

Daley, Jim. ‘How to Decide Who Should Get a COVID-19 Vaccine First’. Scientific American. Accessed 26 February 2021. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-decide-who-should-get-a-covid-19-vaccine-first/.

Mandavilli, A. (2021, January 28). Some Covid Survivors Have Antibodies That Attack the Body, not Virus. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/27/health/covid-antibodies-autoimmunity.html

Wolf, Martin. ‘Ten Ways Coronavirus Crisis Will Shape World in Long Term’, 3 November 2020. https://www.ft.com/content/9b0318d3-8e5b-4293-ad50-c5250e894b07.

Nikiforuk, A. (2020, October 28). ‘Herd Immunity’ Is an Inviting Idea but Terrible Policy. The Tyee. https://thetyee.ca/Analysis/2020/10/28/Herd-Immunity-Inviting-Idea-Terrible-Policy/?utm_source=weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=021120

https://github.com/rails/sprockets/issues/162 was already closed as duplicated (so this just creates another duplicate).

Technically this could be added there.

Oh, I see, it was from so long ago (2015), that it would probably be frowned upon to reopen such an old issue.

Wilson, C. (2021). Coronavirus vaccines may reduce or eliminate symptoms of long covid. New Scientist. Retrieved March 8, 2021, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2270186-coronavirus-vaccines-may-reduce-or-eliminate-symptoms-of-long-covid/

Dr Nisreen Alwan 🌻. (2021, January 17). #LongCovid prevalence in a study of 1,733 hospitalised patients in Wuhan at average follow-up of 6 months: 76% at least one ongoing symptom 63% fatigue or muscle weakness 26% sleep problems 23% anxiety/depression 9% palpitations 9% joint pain 5% chest pain https://t.co/9roYQvbIE4 [Tweet]. @Dr2NisreenAlwan. https://twitter.com/Dr2NisreenAlwan/status/1350739317417791488

Geddes, L. (2020, November 15). Damage to multiple organs recorded in ‘long Covid’ cases. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/nov/15/damage-to-multiple-organs-recorded-in-long-covid-cases

Christina Pagel. (2021, February 23). 1. LONG THREAD ON COVID, LOCKDOWN & THE ROADMAP: TLDR: There’s a lot to like about the roadmap – but it could be & should be made much more effective. Because this will be tying current situation to the roadmap, I’m concentrating on English data Read on… (22 tweets—Sorry) [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1364019581971558401

Potential Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines. (n.d.). HackMD. Retrieved 22 February 2021, from https://hackmd.io/@scibehC19vax/sideeffects

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 17). RT @ChildrensComm: Today @annelongfield gives her last speech as Children’s Commissioner for England. Here’s a preview: Https://t.co/XyOoys… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1362019787342282756

Covid: Make children priority after pandemic, Anne Longfield says. (2021, February 17). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-56092579

I did not know that 1.2 million black men served in the army during ww2.

I never realized that German army's had a separate army for African Americans and White Americans.

Gloster, J., Sellers, R. F., & Donaldson, A. I. (1982). Long distance transport of foot-and-mouth disease virus over the sea. The Veterinary Record, 110(3), 47-52. doi: 10.1136/vr.110.3.47

Marsh, S. (2020, December 4). Vaccine expert tells ministers: ‘Stop boasting and get public onboard’. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/dec/04/advice-to-uk-ministers-stop-vaccine-boasting-and-get-public-onboard

🔥 Your COVID Roundup, Week #31. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2020, from https://mailchi.mp/8338eb3924db/your-covid-roundup-7106445?e=feb8bf1ac8

Bae et al.(2020) Asymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on Evacuation Flight. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Retrieved from: https://ncrc.jhsph.edu/research/asymptomatic-transmission-of-sars-cov-2-on-evacuation-flight/

Long covid: Diagnosis, management, prognosis. (2020, September 4). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTrIl52jV0s&feature=emb_logo

Jeremy Farrar on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://twitter.com/JeremyFarrar/status/1318983210282459136

Geddes, L. (2020, October 21). Women aged 50-60 at greatest risk of ‘long Covid’, experts suggest. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/21/women-aged-50-60-at-greatest-risk-of-long-covid-experts-suggest

Nisreen A Alwan: What exactly is mild covid-19? (2020, July 28). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/07/28/nisreen-a-alwan-what-exactly-is-mild-covid-19/

Dennis, A., Wamil, M., Kapur, S., Alberts, J., Badley, A. D., Decker, G. A., Rizza, S. A., Banerjee, R., Banerjee, A., & Investigators, O. behalf of the C. study. (2020). Multi-organ impairment in low-risk individuals with long COVID. MedRxiv, 2020.10.14.20212555. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.14.20212555

Schiermeier, Q., Else, H., Mega, E. R., Padma, T. V., & Gaind, N. (2020). What it’s really like to do science amid COVID-19. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02815-2

Inc, G. (2020, October 13). COVID-19 and Remote Work: An Update. Gallup.Com. https://news.gallup.com/poll/321800/covid-remote-work-update.aspx

IMF urges governments to borrow to fight impact of Covid-19. (2020, October 14). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/oct/14/imf-urges-governments-to-borrow-to-fight-impact-of-covid-19

Long Covid: What we know so far. (2020, October 15). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/15/long-covid-what-we-know-so-far

Nygren, H., Nissinen, K., Hämäläinen, R., & Wever, B. (2019). Lifelong learning: Formal, non‐formal and informal learning in the context of the use of problem‐solving skills in technology‐rich environments. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(4), 1759–1770. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12807

The evolving technological landscape in the digital era has a crucial influence on lifelong learning and the demand for problem‐solving skills. In this paper, we identify associations between formal, non‐formal and informal learning with sufficient problem‐solving skills in technology‐rich environments (TRE). We focus on adults' problem‐solving skills in TRE as a novel approach to investigate formal, non‐formal and informal learning based on data from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies. This programme measured 16–64‐year‐old adults' proficiency in problem‐solving skills in TRE. The total sample size was 61 654 individuals from 13 European countries. Our results clearly indicate that the skill levels of more than 50% of adults aged 16–64 years old seem to be insufficient to cope effectively in TRE. The findings suggest that the learning ecologies of adults are a combination of formal, non‐formal and informal learning activities. The overall level of problem‐solving skills in TRE was higher among individuals who indicated that they have participated either formal or non‐formal learning activities, compared to those who have not. However, interestingly, the association between formal learning and problem‐solving skills in TRE was not major. Instead, our results clearly indicate that informal learning seems to be highly associated with sufficient problem‐solving skills in TRE. In practice, we outline those formal, non‐formal and informal learning activities that adults perform when applying the skills in TRE. By recognising these activities undertaken by sufficient problem solvers, we can promote lifelong learning skills. Our findings can also be used as a starting point for future studies on lifelong learning.

https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=shib&db=tfh&AN=138139297&site=eds-live&scope=site&custid=uphoenix

Scheid, J., Lupien, S., Ford, G., & West, S. (2020). Physiological and Psychological Impact of Face Mask Usage during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</Em>. Volume 78, Issue 18, 6655.</P>. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186655

Kavanagh, M. M. (2020). US elections and a foreign policy for pandemics. The Lancet Public Health, 5(10), e517–e518. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30211-5

correspondent, N. D. S. (2020, October 9). “Brain fog”: The people struggling to think clearly months after Covid. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/09/brain-fog-the-people-struggling-to-think-clearly-months-after-covid

Goldman Offers Less-Dire View of Pandemic’s U.S. Economic Damage. (2020, October 7). Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-07/goldman-offers-less-dire-view-of-pandemic-s-u-s-economic-damage

Nelson, E., & Merced, M. J. de la. (2020, October 2). September Jobs Report Shows Slowdown in Recovery. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/10/02/business/stock-market-today-coronavirus

Long after a Covid-19 infection, mental and neurological effects smolder. (2020, August 12). STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/12/after-covid19-mental-neurological-effects-smolder/

Nick Brown on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 1, 2020, from https://twitter.com/sTeamTraen/status/1311282470084644865

Long-term effects of Covid include damage to heart, liver, kidneys. (2020, September 29). ITV News. https://www.itv.com/news/2020-09-29/long-covid-long-term-effects-of-coronavirus-include-damage-to-heart-liver-kidneys-oxford-study-reveals

Pandey, E. (n.d.). Remote work won’t kill your office. Axios. Retrieved September 28, 2020, from https://www.axios.com/remote-work-office-space-coronavirus-pandemic-0403db33-a6e4-498b-9650-e108acf33f50.html

Survey, assessment, data and research analysis of OER use and impact in the global south

Lincoln, M. (2020). Study the role of hubris in nations’ COVID-19 response. Nature, 585(7825), 325–325. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02596-8

r/BehSciResearch—Looking for partnersfor project on pandemic and adolescents’ wellbeing. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/hrkixd/looking_for_partnersfor_project_on_pandemic_and/

Yelin, D., Wirtheim, E., Vetter, P., Kalil, A. C., Bruchfeld, J., Runold, M., Guaraldi, G., Mussini, C., Gudiol, C., Pujol, M., Bandera, A., Scudeller, L., Paul, M., Kaiser, L., & Leibovici, L. (2020). Long-term consequences of COVID-19: Research needs. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30701-5

Barber, C. (n.d.). COVID-19 Can Wreck Your Heart, Even if You Haven’t Had Any Symptoms. Scientific American. Retrieved September 1, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covid-19-can-wreck-your-heart-even-if-you-havent-had-any-symptoms/

Hogan, A. B., Jewell, B. L., Sherrard-Smith, E., Vesga, J. F., Watson, O. J., Whittaker, C., Hamlet, A., Smith, J. A., Winskill, P., Verity, R., Baguelin, M., Lees, J. A., Whittles, L. K., Ainslie, K. E. C., Bhatt, S., Boonyasiri, A., Brazeau, N. F., Cattarino, L., Cooper, L. V., … Hallett, T. B. (2020). Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria in low-income and middle-income countries: A modelling study. The Lancet Global Health, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30288-6

‘Missing School Is “Worse than Virus for Children”’. BBC News, 23 August 2020, sec. UK. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-53875410.

Salahudeen, A. A., Choi, S. S., Rustagi, A., Zhu, J., O, S. M. de la, Flynn, R. A., Margalef-Català, M., Santos, A. J. M., Ju, J., Batish, A., Unen, V. van, Usui, T., Zheng, G. X. Y., Edwards, C. E., Wagar, L. E., Luca, V., Anchang, B., Nagendran, M., Nguyen, K., … Kuo, C. J. (2020). Progenitor identification and SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term human distal lung organoid cultures. BioRxiv, 2020.07.27.212076. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.212076

Small Pleasures Are Just As Important For Our Wellbeing As Long-Term Goals. (2020, August 17). Research Digest. https://digest.bps.org.uk/2020/08/17/small-pleasures-are-just-as-important-for-our-wellbeing-as-long-term-goals/

Guimbeau, A., Menon, N., & Musacchio, A. (2020). The Brazilian Bombshell? The Long-Term Impact of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic the South American Way (Working Paper No. 26929; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26929

Kozlowski, J., Veldkamp, L., & Venkateswaran, V. (2020). Scarring Body and Mind: The Long-Term Belief-Scarring Effects of COVID-19 (Working Paper No. 27439; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27439

August 6, S. G. •, & 2020. (2020, August 6). Sweatpants Forever: How the Fashion Industry Collapsed. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/08/06/magazine/fashion-sweatpants.html

Jordà, Ò., Singh, S. R., & Taylor, A. M. (2020). Longer-run Economic Consequences of Pandemics (Working Paper No. 26934; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26934

Association, N. S. and P. (n.d.). Covid-19 lockdowns will have little lasting impact on global warming. New Scientist. Retrieved August 10, 2020, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2251313-covid-19-lockdowns-will-have-little-lasting-impact-on-global-warming/

The COVID-19 Conundrum in the Developing World: Protecting Lives or Protecting Jobs?. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13136/

Chen, M. K., Chevalier, J. A., & Long, E. F. (2020). Nursing Home Staff Networks and COVID-19 (Working Paper No. 27608; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27608

The Impacts of COVID-19 on Minority Unemployment: First Evidence from April 2020 CPS Microdata. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13264/

Optimal Unemployment Benefits in the Pandemic. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13389/

Family Life in Lockdown. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 1, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13398/

Baby Steps: The Gender Division of Childcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved July 29, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13302/

Sweden Did Not Take Herd Immunity Approach Against Coronavirus Pandemic. (2020, July 29). Debunking Denialism. https://debunkingdenialism.com/2020/07/29/sweden-did-not-take-herd-immunity-approach-against-coronavirus-pandemic/

Burki, T. (2020). The indirect impact of COVID-19 on women. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(8), 904–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30568-5

Cheng, W., Carlin, P., Carroll, J., Gupta, S., Rojas, F. L., Montenovo, L., Nguyen, T. D., Schmutte, I. M., Scrivner, O., Simon, K. I., Wing, C., & Weinberg, B. (2020). Back to Business and (Re)employing Workers? Labor Market Activity During State COVID-19 Reopenings (Working Paper No. 27419; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27419

Younes, G. A., Ayoubi, C., Ballester, O., Cristelli, G., de Rassenfosse, G., Foray, D., Gaule, P., Pellegrino, G., van den Heuvel, M., Webster, B., & Zhou, L. (2020). COVID-19_Insights from Innovation Economists [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/b5zae