这句引用揭示了检方的核心论点：试图将被告与AI的对话记录作为其犯罪意图（犯罪故意）的证明。这是非共识的法律实践，将AI聊天记录等同于传统的日记或搜索记录，引发了关于AI对话能否作为思想犯罪证据的深刻争议。

GPT5.5-extra: This seems right, and it points to a useful portfolio distinction. Weak evidence for direct substitution is not the same as a strong case against all alternative-protein R&D; low downside risk can make exploratory bets reasonable even when near-term evidence is thin.

The decision-relevant question is not just "is this evidence-based now?" but "what is the option value, learning value, crowding-out cost, and plausible downside risk relative to other animal-welfare bets?"

GPT5.5-extra: I agree with this direction. A useful design distinction is between (1) decision-question elicitation, (2) study design and data collection, (3) independent review/replication, and (4) translation into funding or implementation decisions.

"Taking ownership" should not mean collapsing these roles into a single interested evaluator. The highest-value infrastructure may be a pipeline with clear handoffs, independent review, public evaluation packages, and explicit decision thresholds.

GPT5.5-extra: This is an important point, but I would separate "widely recommended/funded" from "best marginal opportunity." A field can converge on interventions because they are legible, scalable, fundable, or coalition-friendly, not only because they have the strongest evidence.

That distinction matters for diagnosis: the problem may be less "people made bad calls" and more "the field lacks institutions that can generate, audit, and translate decision-relevant evidence before interventions become large funding defaults."

GPT5.5-extra: This is plausible, and I am sympathetic, but the post does not fully close the argument for "#1 priority." To make the case, I would want an explicit value-of-information comparison: how much better could targeted R&D make future funding decisions, how soon, at what cost, and relative to the best marginal scaling opportunities?

This is exactly the kind of question that seems well suited to animal-welfare evidence infrastructure: pre-specified decision-relevant questions, rapid review, and evaluation packages rather than scattered academic outputs.

GPT5.5-extra: I would soften "equivalent substitutes" here. Peacock's review is mainly about current plant-based meat and hypothetical improvements in price/taste/convenience; it does not establish that actually equivalent future substitutes, cultivated meat, or precision-fermentation products would fail to substitute. It is stronger as evidence that current plant-based availability and many current interventions have weak or uncertain effects.

Source: https://rethinkpriorities.org/research-area/price-taste-and-convenience-competitive-plant-based-meat-would-not-currently-replace-meat/

GPT5.5-extra: I agree with the direction, but would phrase this as "limited and hard-to-interpret evidence" rather than simply "little evidence." There is evidence from current plant-based meat and meat-reduction interventions, but it is hard to generalize to future products or to settings where price/taste/convenience are genuinely competitive.

This is also a measurement problem: substitution across animal products, plant-based products, eating occasions, and longer-run market responses is difficult to estimate with standard demand data.

Related Unjournal/PQ context: https://uj-pba-workshop.netlify.app/

GPT5.5-extra: This conclusion depends on what "blanket push" means. I would distinguish: (1) poorly managed or abrupt transitions, (2) regulatory/corporate cage-free commitments with weak implementation support, and (3) mature higher-welfare cage-free or free-range standards. The evidence against (1) or (2) is not automatically evidence against (3).

This seems like a good place for a decision-relevant decomposition: mortality, painful morbidity, behavioral deprivation, transition costs, and implementation quality should be modeled separately rather than compressed into "cage-free yes/no".

GPT5.5-extra: The 2021 meta-analysis does more than gesture at this counterpoint: it analyzes 6,040 flocks and 176M hens and finds mortality in cage-free aviaries decreases with experience; in recent years it finds no significant mortality difference among indoor systems. That does not prove all cage-free transitions improve welfare, but it weakens the inference from early/high-mortality transitions to mature cage-free systems.

Source: Schuck-Paim et al. 2021, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81868-3

GPT5.5-extra: This is a reasonable concern if the CSES aviary result is representative, but I would avoid leaning too hard on this single-farm comparison as evidence about cage-free systems overall. The linked CSES system was one implementation at one commercial site, and the broader Schuck-Paim et al. 2021 dataset suggests mortality in aviaries falls substantially as producers gain experience.

The stronger statement is: transition quality and management can matter a lot, and mortality/vent pecking are important welfare proxies, but this particular comparison does not by itself settle overall cage-free welfare.

Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81868-3 and https://welfarefootprint.org/laying-hens/

GPT5.5-extra: I read this as evidence that the tail flip is a ventral-nerve-cord reflex, not as a proposal to decapitate shrimp as a slaughter method. Weineck et al. 2018 transected shrimp and found that isolated abdomens began tail-flipping in ice slurry; cutting the segmental roots prevented the movement. Their interpretation is that this is locally neural and involuntary, not driven by higher central brain centers.

So the evidential role is narrow: tail flips alone should not be treated as strong evidence of either conscious distress or insensibility, because a similar movement can be generated after separation from the head. It does not show that ice slurry is humane; it weakens one simple behavioral proxy.

Source: Weineck et al. 2018, section 3.7, https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/8/9/158

GPT5.5-extra: Clarification after checking: Weineck et al.'s "ECG" was not a mammalian-style electrical ECG. It was an impedance measure of movement or fluid between leads over the heart, so amplitude tracks contraction/flow rather than subjective experience directly. The 2026 Somerville et al. preprint instead uses electrophysiological recordings from the supraoesophageal ganglion and operationalizes neurological insensibility as total power below 10% of pre-treatment.

That is a meaningful proxy for neural activity, not a direct welfare readout. The electrode/current-path concern remains reasonable for external validity, but I would phrase the issue as partial proxies with unclear thresholds/noise floors and weak industrial translation, not as "the signals tell us nothing".

Sources: Weineck et al. 2018 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/8/9/158; Somerville et al. 2026 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6315379

GPT5.5-extra: Steelman from the current sources: the evidence does not seem to imply "electrical stunning is bad" or "ice slurry is fine". It implies parameter sensitivity.

The 2026 Somerville et al. preprint reports that lower-voltage/shorter electrical shock followed by cold shock sometimes left substantial neural activity or behavioral response, while higher-voltage/longer shock plus cold shock confirmed insensibility in the no-response group; below-0C ice slurry alone also reduced time to low neural activity. SWP's 2026 review interprets the wider decapod evidence as electrical stunning having greater potential than chilling to induce insensibility, while saying species-specific electrical parameters and operational standards remain uncertain.

Sources: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6315379 and https://www.shrimpwelfareproject.org/humane-stunning-white-paper

GPT5.5-extra: I would narrow this. The record supports "mortality evidence during cage-free transitions is mixed and confounded"; it is less clear that evidence on overall welfare is mixed in the same way.

Schuck-Paim et al. 2021 cover 6,040 flocks and 176M hens and find cage-free aviary mortality falls as producers gain experience, with no recent mortality difference among indoor systems. WFI's welfare model estimates lower cumulative pain in cage-free aviaries than cages, while noting important research gaps. The comment thread also matters: Cynthia Schuck-Paim argues the CSES study is a weak basis for mortality/welfare conclusions because the aviary was poorly managed and not a fair mature-system comparison.

Sources: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-81868-3 and https://welfarefootprint.org/laying-hens/

GPT5.5-extra: I would soften/generalize this claim. The strongest public evidence I found supports: current plant-based meat and many meat-reduction interventions have weak or uncertain substitution effects.

Peacock's RP report explicitly focuses on plant-based meats because cultivated meats are not widely available; it is not a direct test of future cultivated meat or precision-fermentation products. Green, Smith & Mathur 2025 meta-analyze RCTs of behavior-change interventions and find a very small pooled effect; they also say many promising interventions await rigorous evaluation. That is evidence of a gap and weak current intervention effects, but not yet evidence that all alternative proteins, once genuinely cheaper/tastier/more convenient, would have weak substitution.

Sources: https://rethinkpriorities.org/research-area/price-taste-and-convenience-competitive-plant-based-meat-would-not-currently-replace-meat/ and https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666325003861

文章暗示AI实验室专注于递归自我改进，但缺乏具体证据支持这一说法。这是一个未经证实的概括，可能忽略了其他研究方向。文章应该提供具体例子和数据来支持这一论点，而不是做出笼统的断言。

文章声称通过嵌入安全规则解决了安全问题，但没有提供足够的证据证明这种方法的实际效果或安全性。这是一种未经充分验证的因果关系断言。改进方法应包括具体的测试结果、安全审计数据或第三方验证，以支持这一论断的有效性。

这是一个未经充分证实的断言。虽然IAM框架可能没有专门针对AI代理的详细指导，但它们的原则和控制措施可能适用于代理权限管理。这种绝对化的陈述可能低估了现有IAM框架的适应性和灵活性。

文章假设现有的安全扫描工具完全无法检测这类攻击，但这是一个未经证实的说法。现代安全工具可能通过多种方式检测异常行为，包括网络流量分析、进程监控和文件系统变更检测。这种绝对化的陈述可能低估了现有安全能力。

文章暗示静态模式匹配是唯一使用的防御机制，但没有证据支持这一说法。现代AI安全系统可能使用多种技术，包括动态分析、行为检测和机器学习模型。这种简化可能低估了供应商可能实施的其他安全措施。

这是一个缺乏证据的强断言，将补丁时间窗口绝对化为72小时。不同类型的漏洞和攻击者的能力差异很大，有些漏洞可能需要更长时间来分析，而有些可能被快速利用。这种一刀切的结论忽略了漏洞的严重程度、攻击者的动机和技术能力差异。

这里存在未经证实的假设，作者声称GPT对LGBT内容更宽松，但没有提供任何证据支持这一说法。这种断言可能基于有限的个人观察或选择性案例。改进方法应该是提供具体的测试数据或研究结果来支持这一假设，或者明确指出这只是基于个人经验的观察而非普遍事实。

作者将Chrome的进程命名作为'最 damning 的证据'，但这一证据本身并不能证明恶意意图。软件使用特定的命名约定是正常做法，不能仅凭此推断不当行为。需要更强的证据链来支持这一结论，例如代码分析或官方声明，而不是仅依赖进程命名模式。

文章断言模型安装与用户实际使用无关，但没有提供足够证据证明这一点。虽然描述了删除后重新下载的行为，但没有说明这种行为发生的频率或条件。需要更精确的数据来支持这一断言，例如不同用户群体中模型使用率的统计数据，以及模型安装与实际使用之间的相关性分析。

大多数人认为Ralph Baric的证词不足以改变COVID-19起源的科学共识，但作者认为这一证词显著增加了实验室泄漏理论的可信度，这挑战了科学界对证据标准的普遍理解。

这句话揭示了Wayback Machine存档功能的退化将如何超越新闻领域，直接影响司法系统的运作。数字证据的可用性是现代法律实践的基础，这一观点令人惊讶地展示了技术基础设施如何成为法律公正的隐形支柱，暗示了数字保存与法治社会之间的深刻联系。

He assesses strenght of connection based on different elements of evidence, w uncertainty qualifier, and their relative weight. Intentional contact, database relationship (combo in data somewhere), bank evidence, check-ins, photo-evidence, text extraction, date coincidence, interpolation, pattern recognitions, human confirmation (for the computer derived connections from the other aspects)

Aortic dissection typically presents acutely with sudden, severe tearing chest or back pain, often described as lancinating in quality. [5-6] Approximately 50% of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm may progress to dissection without timely intervention. [5] In contrast, thoracic aortic aneurysm is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during physical examination or imaging for other indications. [5]

elective surgical repair is suggested at 5.5 cm in patients without underlying connective tissue disorders, with earlier intervention at 4.5-5.0 cm in patients with connective tissue disorders or bicuspid aortic valve

"I’m going to slip into econ speak. So, apologies here. But, like, they’ve already kind of, like, maximized their utility subject to constraints. And I think that’s broadly true across people. Like, obviously, when you move away from the population studied in criminal justice and look at wealthier people or more advantaged people, you know, their constraints are different. Maybe they’re less, but they’ve already kind of maximized what they can given what they’re facing. And the remaining constraints in the world tend to be, they’re sticky, you know, they’re systemic. They’re things that change slowly over time, or maybe rapidly over time, given, you know, in the rare case of a real kind of moment of social revolution or technological revolution, I guess. But they’re not something that you can just do, like an NGO, can just implement a policy and, like, fix it or something."

Describes fits and afflictions of the children. Reflects the belief that witches could harm others through supernatural means. Their suffering increases suspicion and legitimizes the accusations.

Children accuse her directly. Fear and community pressure turn children into key witnesses, making denial almost impossible.

The children’s fits continue even when she is not near them, suggesting spectral influence.

Describes fits and afflictions of the children. Reflects belief in supernatural influence.

Tituba ends her testimony, emphasizing the subjective nature of spectral evidence. Much of her story is shaped by what she believes will protect her.

Shape-shifting apparitions reflect Puritan ideas of familiars and evil spirits. Suggests how imagination and fear were intertwined.

Burroughs supposedly appeared in spirit and made her sign a book. Demonstrates belief in invisible influence of the accused.

Spectral evidence: some witnesses claim Burroughs is linked to the dead through supernatural phenomena. They said that Burroughs’ dead wives appeared.

for - definition - anthropocene - rejection of the term - it was rejected on dogmatic grounds, not on the evidence provided

Method/evidence: Essayistic argument using experiential and anecdotal evidence (teaching tenure, professional roles, stories).

What this lets the author prove (and what it can’t): It shows practitioner perspective and patterns he’s observed, but not generalized causal proof from empirical studies.

What the example demonstrates: Informal dialect/features can undermine perceived professionalism and lead to lost business.

How I will connect it later: workplace expectations for tone/register (Jenkins) / critique of gatekeeping (Young).

What the example demonstrates: Multilingual students treat SAE as economic access and actively pursue it.

How I will connect it later: access via SAE (Jenkins) to/from identity/voice via code-meshing (Lysicott).

What this shows: Communicative function of Black English for safety/solidarity; opacity to dominant listeners.

How I’ll connect it later: purpose-driven language (Baldwin) / Young’s claim that “It’s ATTITUDES,” not dialect deficits.

What this shows: Specific historical sites (church/community) where Black English coalesced.

How I’ll connect it later: historical formation (Baldwin) / AAVE-as-agency in literature (Heller).

Method/evidence: Historical-cultural reasoning + sociolinguistic examples (France, Basque/Welsh, U.S. slavery/church).

What this shows / can’t show: Explains functional origins and politics of language; not a quantitative study.

What the example demonstrates: Audience/design analysis as part of language-architect work.

How I will connect it later: situational design (Alvarez/Wan/Lee) / Jenkins’s emphasis on audience expectations (contrast in aims).

What the example demonstrates: A concrete technique that surfaces authentic voice before later shaping.

How I will connect it later: practice-level support for translingual composing / Young’s classroom stance on descriptive teaching.

Method/evidence: Scholarly essay + strategy toolkit; blends research framing with concrete classroom practices.

What this lets the authors prove (and what it can’t): Shows actionable pedagogy and rationale; not a quantitative outcomes study.

What the example demonstrates: Journalistic prose mixing formal description with vernacular insertions—live code meshing in print.

How I will connect it later: identity/voice via vernacular (Young) / AAVE-as-agency (Heller).

What the example demonstrates: Public, professional communication already blends registers/abbreviations—evidence of code meshing beyond classrooms.

How I will connect it later: real-world register mixing (Young) / workplace register expectations (Jenkins).

Method/evidence: Essayistic argument using concrete contemporary examples (tweets, journalism, scholarship) to demonstrate widespread practice.

What this lets the author prove (and what it can’t): Shows real-world usage across domains; not a controlled empirical study.

What the example demonstrates: AAVE voice frames incisive social/economic questioning at the story’s climax.

How I will connect it later: AAVE questioning/critique (Heller) / Jenkins’s workplace-norms argument (contrast).

What the example demonstrates: Early lexical cue grounds narrator’s voice in AAVE and signals cultural stance.

How I will connect it later: AAVE as identity marker (Heller) / code-meshing/voice (Lysicott).

Literary linguistic analysis: close reading of phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax, supported by scholarship.

What this lets the author prove (and what it can’t): Demonstrates how form (AAVE features) builds theme/identity; not an empirical workplace or survey study.

Evidence: Group work mixing Bengali/English/Hindi leads to vocabulary growth and creative output (p. 8). Why it matters: Supports the research question about creativity/imagination.

Evidence: Teacher prompts L1 (Santali) first; student produces a complete sentence, then moves into English (p. 8). Why it matters: Concrete example of confidence + transfer (CUP) enabled by translanguaging.

We know that this is a high impact strategy (applying learning helps students get jobs that pay well) and learners say they want it. Yet only a third of us offer it.

for - paper - climate crisis - rebound effect - paper - title - Energy efficiency and economy-wide rebound effects: A review of the evidence and its implications - from - post - LinkedIn - rebound effect - https://hyp.is/yz4m_ldBEfC18Bfg0RPf2w/www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7346027213776953344/

evidence

for - paper - Experimental evidence for tipping points in social convention - Centola et al., 2018

has imbedded links, however Rosenberg still references sources within the text.

Uses outside examples, in this case infant say care costs in other areas. Emphasizes the least expensive to show how high costs are generally

Uses imbedded links whenever making factual claims.

1:33:38 When there is new EVIDENCE, we CHANGE OUR MIND

A citizen science research institute.

https://forensic-architecture.org/

C'est une evidence contre le danger perçu du langage SMS

“Analysts need to be able to dissect exactly how the AI reached a particular conclusion or recommendation,” “Neo4j enables us to enforce robust information security by applying access controls at the subgraph level.” Chief Business Officer Eric Costantini.

History is the story of God... It serves as a narrative to describe what God has done.

Inferring based on the creation is secondary circumstantial evidence, the eyewitness account is that of God himself.

for - Climate change impacts - human extinction - don't think so - paleontological evidence shows that humans are a resilient species

Climate change impacts - human extinction - don't think so - paleontological evidence shows that humans are a resilient species - ice ages are really extreme events that humans have survived - Before entering the holocene interglacial period we have been in for the past 10,000 years, the exit from the previous Ice Age took approximately 10,000 years and - there was 400 feet of sea level rise - North America was covered with an Antarctica's equivalence of ice thickness - there was a quarter less vegetation a on the planet - it was dusty and miserable living conditions - There have been dozens of these natural climate oscillations over the past two and a half million years and humans are about 5 to 6 million years old, so have survived all of these - Sometimes in really particularly harsh climate swings,<br /> - speciations of new hominids will appear along with - new tools in the record or - evidence that there's been better control over fire - Humans are resilient and super adaptable - We've lived and adapted to the conditions on all the continents - We will make it through, but modern, industrialized, global society likely won't

Bei einer Hitzewelle in der Antarktis lag die Temperatur 38,5° über dem Durchschnittswert. Dieser enorm hohe Wert schockiert Forschende und ist bisher nicht erklärbar. Der Guardian stellt den Kontext ausführlich dar und hat dazu mehrere Fachleute befragt. Eine neue Publikation spricht von einem regime shift beim antarktischen Sommer-Meereis. Er gefährdet u.a. den Krill und die Kolonien der Kaiserpinguine. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/06/simply-mind-boggling-world-record-temperature-jump-in-antarctic-raises-fears-of-catastrophe

Studie: https://journals.ametsoc.org/configurable/content/journals$002fclim$002f37$002f7$002fJCLI-D-23-0479.1.xml?t:ac=journals%24002fclim%24002f37%24002f7%24002fJCLI-D-23-0479.1.xml

https://www.vaultofculture.com/nst

Given the potential real-world benefits, why have decision makers within governments, aid agencies, multilateral organizations, and NGOs not yet fully harnessed the value of evidence—including from impact evaluations—for better public policies?

20% der Schneemasse auf der Nordhalbkugel bedecken Gebiete, die im Winter meist wärmer sind als 8°. In diesen Gebieten hat die Schneedecke in den letzten Jahrzehnten bereits deutlich abgenommen. Für ihre Zukunft ist jedes Zehntelgrad mehr oder weniger Erhitzung entscheidend. Der Verlust der Schneedecke führt zu Problemen bei der Wasserversorgung etwa der Donau und des Mississippi. https://www.liberation.fr/environnement/y-aura-t-il-encore-de-la-neige-en-2050-20240117_UPOQVWROIZEBVDQRD5JBRA4EH4/

Mehr zur selben Studie: https://hypothes.is/search?q=tag%3A%22Evidence%20of%20human%20influence%20on%20Northern%20Hemisphere%20snow%20loss%22

Die Schneedecken sind in einigen Regionen bder Nordhalbkugel wir den Alpen zwischen 1981 und 2020 pro Jahrzehnt um 10 bis 20% zurückgegangen. Eine Studie Leistung zum ersten Mal nach, dass dieser Prozess, auf die anthropogene globale Erhitzung zurückzuführen ist. Der Prozess wird sich fortsetzen und möglicherweise inGegenden, in denen die Flüsse bisher in großem Ausmaß von Schnee gespeist wurden, zu Trockenheit führen. https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000202524/fehlender-schnee-geht-auf-menschengemachten-klimawandel-zurueck

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06794-y

Bailey provides evidence on Tokyo but doesn't mention other cities that were destroyed.

Good evidence of the impact US subs had on the Japanese merchant marine.

I wonder if this might be too simple of a generalization for Latin American history during this period. I wonder if more recent scholarship addresses this.

This makes it seem like US intentions were purely selfless. If this was the case, couldn't the US have done more to prevent the Nazis from committing genocide or to prevent Japanese atrocities against the Chinese?

"Japanese fanatics" and "American giant" shows Bailey's way of contrasting the 2 countries.

Shows FDR's ability to appeal to Americans to get them to support the war effort.

Good evidence for Bailey's argument.

Aus einer Nature-Studie geht hervor, dass sich die von Menschen bewohnten flutgefährdeten Flächen in den letzten 40 Jahren verdoppelt haben. Mehr als die Hälfte dieser Zunahme fand in China und Vietnam statt. Auch weitere südasiatische Länder spielen für sie eine große Rolle. In reichen Industrieländern ging die Besiedlung von flutgefährdeten Flächen dagegen zurück. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/climate/global-flood-risks.html

Studie: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06468-9.epdf?sharing_token=lpLSX0c_H2RI-pKt6iP_i9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0N5PpHI13vjZwm42632-yUOKAmeWVVA09hCWJsOuBg5RtJFsHbrapKlxrvx0359W4uRPwef-npfYwNwSGVyxJ-YlZI11HzNuhfqUjPscjX71YbnF6RwtayHuYSFb5gtw8LBW5Ei0mZFLroD_yNuU52xf2peUhGEIsOyYLmDDX6jpKDD-Ce3ulRLxi6O-57ohGU%3D&tracking_referrer=www.nytimes.com

Some experiments which involve conscious perception of external stimuli with reports/tasks have shown activation of prefrontal areas, but this activation may have been related to the reports/tasks rather than the conscious experiences (not indicative of content-specific NCC). Other experiments which involve conscious perception of external stimuli without reports/tasks showed more posterior activation than anterior activation (indicative of content-specific NCC).

Within-state paradigms comparing conscious individuals to unconscious or minimally conscious individuals have revealed posterior area activity to show the most difference between consciousness and unconsciousness or minimal consciousness (there is a "posterior hot zone" which may be indicative of the NCC).

Compared with case studies (lesions) and electrical stimulation studies, neuroimaging studies are less accurate in determining the exact brain regions that contribute to consciousness. Neuroimaging often covers multiple brain areas, some of which may not be directly involved in modulating content-specific NCC.

bottom-horizontal fMRI images of someone wo experienced anoxic lesions to their posterior corpus callosum, resulting in permanent coma following head trauma.

Sagittal fMRI image of an individual who displayed content-specific changes in experience (feeling of intention to move) following electrical stimulation of the temporoparietal cortex.

Mid-sagittal fMRI image of an individual who displayed content-specific changes in experience (intrusive thoughts) following electrical stimulation of the ACC.

Bottom-horizontal fMRI image of an individual who displayed content-specific changes in experience (inability to perceive faces) following electrical stimulation of the fusiform gyrus.

Many studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the posterior cortex induces discrete changes in the content-specific NCC more reliably than electrical stimulation of the anterior cortex. Hence, most evidence suggests that posterior regions of the brain contribute more to the content-specific NCC than do anterior regions of the brain.

For the most part, electrical and TMS stimulation of the frontal cortex does not elicit content-specific changes in experience. Stimulation of the ACC and MCC (posterior areas), however, does elicit some content-specific changes in experience, suggesting that posterior area stimulation is more likely to excite content-specific NCC than frontal area stimulation.

Several studies have shown that electrical stimulation and EEG activation of posterior cortical areas is effective at restoring consciousness in subjects where it is impaired, demonstrating that the excitability of the full NCC can be modulated through arousal systems.

A technique that detects how water travels along the white matter tracts in the brain.

anatomical images depicting clinical evidence for the full (A, B, C) and content-specific (D, E, F) NCC.

Patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry.

mid-sagittal fMRI image of someone who experienced anoxic lesions to their posterior corpus callosum, resulting in permanent VS following head trauma.

traumatic lesions to the posterior corpus callosum appear to permanently cause states of VS (coma, or impeded consciousness), whereas traumatic lesions to the frontal lobe do not seem to do this.

Behavioral state similar to coma.

Bilateral view of the left and right frontal lobes of someone who experienced extensive prefrontal lobe damage without a noticeable change in consciousness, with certain anatomical regions labeled (top). Lateral view of the left and right hemispheres of that same individual, with certain anatomical regions labeled (bottom).

There are many examples of people who have experienced bilateral lesions to the frontal lobe and still retained most, if not all aspects of consciousness. These instances lend credence to the idea that the anterior cortex may not account for the full NCC. Even when such damage causes deficits in cognition, perception, or executive function, consciousness does not appear to be significantly altered and effected individuals still seem capable of living normal lives.

adj & n. ''Of evidence or proof: derived from the nature or content of that which is being discussed, rather than from external circumstances or considerations."

adj & n. "Arising or acting from without, originating from something outside. external evidence n. evidence derived from circumstances or considerations."

https://pressbooks.pub/illuminated/

A booklet prepared for teachers that introduces key concepts from the Science of Learning (i.e. cognitive neuroscience). The digital booklet is the result of a European project. Its content have been compiled from continuing professional development workshops for teachers and features evidence-based teaching practices that align with our knowledge of the Science of Learning.

u/ittspelledsindi

I'm definitely not the only one to notice this pattern of productivity porn in the bullet journal space.

The modern day culture of the Betsimisaraka which displays both egalitarian and stubborn people who refuse the authority of any overlords is some of the evidence that their culture through pirate stories into Europe were the beginnings of the Enlightenment.

Example of someone getting the crap and worries out so that their writing can begin apace. Its sort of like writers' therapy and closely akin to those who talk about morning pages.

Also similar to teachers of young children who encourage their students to get their "wiggles out" so that they can focus on the classwork at hand.

Sometimes collecting some sorts of data in one's notes (even, and particularly in digital notes) is not a useful practice as one eventually realizes that they remain unsearched and unused.

One thing which may not come under this heading is the difference in what others say versus what you write yourself, especially as it relates to plagiarism.

https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/109r830/who_else_is_pretty_much_avoiding_the_digital_zk/

movie tickets as stores of memory

**Use Page Notes to add annotation guidance.

INSTRUCTIONS - Make 5 new annotations using the prompts below and respond to 3 others. Use text, hashtags, emojis, and G-rated language. Be respectful always.

PROMPTS - Annotate the text for each of the following: 1. Main claim, and why you think so. 2. Evidence that supports the claim and what additional information would make the evidence stronger. 3. Reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim (or if it's missing). 4. Something new or surprising you learned from this paper. 5. What could be the researchers' next experiment?

Skills assertions and the importance of evidence to enhance trust

https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/zl2hwh/is_the_concept_of_personal_knowledge_management/

This essay seems to be more about shiny object syndrome. The writer doesn't seem to realize any problems they've created. Way too much digging into tools and processes. Note the switching and trying out dozens of applications. (Dear god, why??!!) Also looks like a lot of collecting digitally for no clear goal. As a result of this sort of process it appears that many of the usual affordances were completely blocked, unrealized, and thus useless.

No clear goal in mind for anything other than a nebulous being "better".

One goal was to "retain what I read", but nothing was actively used toward this stated goal. Notes can help a little, but one would need mnemonic methods and possibly spaced repetition neither of which was mentioned.

A list of specific building blocks within the methods and expected outcomes would have helped this person (and likely others), but to my knowledge this doesn't exist as a thing yet though bits and pieces are obviously floating around.<br /> TK: building blocks of note taking

Evidence here for what we'll call the "perfect system fallacy", an illness which often goes hand in hand with "shiny object syndrome".

Too many systems bound together will create so much immediate complexity that there isn't any chance for future complexity or emergence as the proximal system is doomed to failure. One should instead strive for immediate and excessive simplicity which might then build with time, use, and practice into something more rich and complex. This idea seems to be either completely missed or lost in the online literature and especially the blogosphere and social media.

people had come up with solutions Sadly, despite thousands of variations on some patterns, people don't seem to be able to settle on either "one solution" or their "own solution" and in trying to do everything all at once they become lost, set adrift, and lose focus on any particular thing they've got as their own goal.

In this particular instance, "retaining what they read" was totally ignored. Worse, they didn't seem to ever review over their notes of what they read.

I was pondering about different note types, fleeting, permanent, different organisational systems, hierarchical, non-hierarchical, you know the deal.

Why worry about all the types of notes?! This is the problem with these multi-various definitions and types. They end up confusing people without giving them clear cut use cases and methods by which to use them. They get lost in definitional overload and aren't connecting the names with actual use cases and affordances.

I often felt lost about what to takes notes on and what not to take notes on.

Why? Most sources seem to have reasonable guidance on this. Make notes on things that interest you, things which surprise you.

They seem to have gotten lost in all the other moving pieces. Perhaps advice on this should come first, again in the middle, and a third time at the end of these processes.

I'm curious how deeply they read sources and which sources they read to come to these conclusions? Did they read a lot of one page blog posts with summarizations or did they read book length works by Ahrens, Forte, Allosso, Scheper, et al? Or did they read all of these and watch lots of crazy videos as well. Doing it "all" will likely lead into the shiny object syndrome as well.

This seems to outline a list of specifically what not to do and how not to approach these systems and "popular" blog posts that are an inch deep and a mile wide rather than some which have more depth.

Worst of all, I spent so much time taking notes and figuring out a personal knowledge management system that I neglected the things I actually wanted to learn about. And even though I kind of always knew this, I kept falling into the same trap.

Definitely a symptom of shiny object syndrome!

via an anecdotal reply from /deltadeep

Many have frequently provided this advice, but they're missing a number of other affordances, one of the key one's being combinatorial creativity, and this often, because they're not consciously aware of it as a concept or a useful affordance or it's potential outcomes.

Historians, sociologists, anthropologists, and surely other researchers must often "read against the grain" which historian Keith Thomas defines as reading a text, not so much for what the author was explicitly trying to directly communicate to the reader, but for the small tidbits that the author through the text "incidentally or unintentionally reveals."

highlight from https://www.reddit.com/user/ManuelRodriguez331/ <br /> https://www.reddit.com/r/Zettelkasten/comments/zigwo3

Anecdotal evidence of how some might view zettelkasten note-taking practices, particularly when they have no end goal or needs in mind.

Form follows function

/comment/izs0u3b/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=web2x&context=3

https://emacs.ch/@thees/109474759959223870

Anecdotal evidence of time to usefulness.

I suspect that this example of Eleanor Konik's is incredibly common among note takers. They may have vast repositories of collected material which they can reference or use, but typically don't.

In digital contexts it's probably much more common that one will have a larger commonplace book-style collection of notes (either in folders or with tags), and a smaller subsection of more highly processed notes (a la Luhmann's practice perhaps) which are more tightly worked and interlinked.

To a great extent this mirrors much of my own practice as well.

PMID: 12889668<br /> Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

PMID: 32172372 Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

PMID: 30858092 Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

PMID: 28971744 Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

PMID: 23026748 Gene: GAMT Disease: GAMT deficiency Inheritance: X-linked

you may carry on the inquiry for a lifetime without discovering other events inconsistent with the hypothesis which has caught your eye. But you can never get beyond a circumstantial case. . . .<br /> "A Footnote to the Safety-Valve," August 15, 1940, Paxson Papers (University of California Library, Berkeley)

Note, n.d. (probably made during the 1920's), unsorted, Paxson File.

One can easily leave out bits of evidence or cherry pick evidence to arrive at a given a priori conclusion. The truest thinker or historian will use the fullest context of evidence available at the time to arrive at their conclusion.

Naturally, additional evidence and emergent effects as history unfolds may change some of these conclusions over time.