- Jan 2022
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Tigran Avoundjian. (2022, January 3). Increases in hospitalizations routinely lag behind cases by a week (sometimes more). Deaths have an even longer lag. On 12/30, we had seen a 56% increase in 7-day hospitalization counts, and today we are seeing an 81% increase week-to-week. We have already passed the Sept peak. [Tweet]. @avoundji. https://twitter.com/avoundji/status/1478092404091588608
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Yoni Freedhoff 🟣, MD. (2022, January 5). Good lord! The percent positivity rate in #Ottawa LTC’s PCR tests was 🚨83.72%🚨 yesterday (while Ottawa large was 50%)! [Tweet]. @YoniFreedhoff. https://twitter.com/YoniFreedhoff/status/1478832524533116931
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Cowper, A. (2022). Omicron: Who needs action when you’ve got Plan B? BMJ, 376, o15. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o15
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www.hindustantimes.com www.hindustantimes.com
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125 passengers of Italy-Amritsar flight test Covid positive. (2022, January 6). Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/125-passengers-of-air-india-s-italy-amritsar-flight-test-covid-positive-101641462073648.html
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www.abc.net.au www.abc.net.au
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Supermarkets short of supply as up to half of truck drivers absent due to COVID. (2022, January 6). ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-06/supermarket-shortage-supply-chain-truck-driver-covid/100741392
Tags
- truck
- empty
- prevent
- Australia
- isolation
- driver
- delay
- ilness
- panic buying
- supply chain
- absent
- supermarket
- is:news
- delivery
- COVID-19
- shortage
- supply
- rapid testing
- lang:en
Annotators
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www.bbc.co.uk www.bbc.co.uk
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Coronavirus: Nothing in current data to support new curbs in England - ministers. (2022, January 2). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59853621
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www.nbcnewyork.com www.nbcnewyork.com
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Millman • •, Jennifer. ‘NY Pre-Christmas COVID Testing Delivers Record Total Just Shy of 50,000 Cases in Single Day’. NBC New York (blog). Accessed 3 January 2022. https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/coronavirus/ny-pre-christmas-covid-testing-delivers-record-total-just-shy-of-50000-cases-in-single-day/3468284/.
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Lock, S. (2021, December 31). Woman self-isolates in plane toilet for five hours after Covid-positive test mid-flight. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/31/woman-self-isolates-in-plane-toilet-for-five-hours-after-covid-positive-test-mid-flight
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gils-blog.tayar.org gils-blog.tayar.org
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This was because dynamic typing doesn’t give the safety net that static typing does. So you write more tests. Which is a good thing.
Tests are a good thing, but not all devs are even aware of the loss of safety net and so there's no guarantee that using a dynamic language results in more tests.
Using tests and static-types together would mean that there's whole categories of bugs that get eliminated while also getting more coverage for less lines of test-code.
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- Dec 2021
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Bansal, B. (2021). Rapid COVID-19 Test: Investigating the Willingness to Take a Rapid Test Based on Multiple Factors. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/j3t76
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Harry Spoelstra. (2021, November 26). Breaking: ECDC has designated B.1.1.529 today as a #VOC https://t.co/WyLnc9xUoJ [Tweet]. @HarrySpoelstra. https://twitter.com/HarrySpoelstra/status/1464261361370910721
Tags
- variant
- isolation
- Omicron
- Israel
- government
- testing
- is:news
- restrictions
- COVID-19
- quarantine
- vaccine
- South Africa
- travel
- transmission
- lang:en
- travel ban
Annotators
URL
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Arieh Kovler. (2021, November 26). Israel has identified four cases of the B.1.1.529 variant, all recent travellers. One case, a 32-year-old woman returning from South Africa, was triple vaccinated with Pfizer and had her 3rd dose just two months ago. [Tweet]. @ariehkovler. https://twitter.com/ariehkovler/status/1464190991204859919
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Kim Willsher. (2021, December 16). Let’s try again...new “drastic” regulations for anyone planning to come to France from UK. There must be a “compelling” reason. This does not include tourism or business French nationals/residents can return but must have a negative Covid test within 24hrs before departure. 1/2 [Tweet]. @kimwillsher1. https://twitter.com/kimwillsher1/status/1471401803828764682
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Tom Moultrie. (2021, December 17). A 1-figure Gauteng update, bringing in data through Wednesday 15/12 (PCR only; by date of collection). The turn continues. On similar metrics (not shown) ALL northern provinces (NW, GT, MP, LP) seem to have now turned. Https://t.co/6Bh3kZsooK [Tweet]. @tomtom_m. https://twitter.com/tomtom_m/status/1471723711287996416
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Jay Varma. (2021, December 16). Um, we’ve never seen this before in #NYC. Test positivity doubling in three days 12/9—3.9% 12/10—4.2% 12/11—6.4% 12/12—7.8% Note: Test % is only for PCR & NYC does more per capita daily than most places ~67K PCR/day + 19K [reported] antigen over past few days (1/2) https://t.co/PhxsZq55jn [Tweet]. @DrJayVarma. https://twitter.com/DrJayVarma/status/1471485885447389186
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www.abc.net.au www.abc.net.au
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An Omicron cluster in diplomats and an outbreak at a Steps concert: The variant’s timeline is shifting. (2021, December 5). ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-06/omicron-netherlands-origins-and-strategy-to-control-it/100668682
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Covid: UK reports highest daily cases since the pandemic began. (2021, December 15). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-59673150
Tags
- socialising
- Christmas
- variant
- epidemic
- ventilation
- legislation
- daily cases
- Omicron
- booster
- government
- mask mandate
- testing
- modeling
- education
- is:news
- mask wearing
- statistics
- guidance
- restrictions
- COVID-19
- mental health
- vaccine
- delta
- data
- policy
- covid pass
- lang:en
- hospitalization
- NHS
- UK
Annotators
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storybook.js.org storybook.js.org
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Interactive storiesStorybook enables you to capture various states of a component in a structured format called a story. Each story simulates a particular UI state by rendering the component in isolation and supplying props and mock data.However, some UI states can only be reached via user interaction—click, drag, tap, type, etc. These were previously impossible to model in Storybook. To address this, we've added a new construct in Storybook 6.4 called the play function. That enables you to run scripted interactions after a story is rendered.Consider this play function that fills out a form to trigger a validation:
I wonder how this can change how we approach component testing / unit tests?
Tags
Annotators
URL
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twitter.com twitter.com
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John Burn-Murdoch. (2021, December 13). Zero lateral flows available at four pharmacies over the last two days. Where is Matt Hancock’s landlord when you need him. [Tweet]. @jburnmurdoch. https://twitter.com/jburnmurdoch/status/1470332280501686276
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Tom Moultrie. (2021, December 12). Given the comedic misinterpretation of the South African testing data offered by @BallouxFrancois (and many others!) last night ... I offer some tips having contributed to the analysis of the testing data for the @nicd_sa since April last year. (1/6) [Tweet]. @tomtom_m. https://twitter.com/tomtom_m/status/1469954015932915718
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Mahase, E. (2021). Covid-19: Do vaccines work against omicron—and other questions answered. BMJ, 375, n3062. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n3062
Tags
- EU
- variant
- transmissibility
- treatment
- modeling
- epidemiology
- research
- mutation
- restrictions
- COVID-19
- work from home
- vaccine
- delta
- is:article
- South Africa
- detection
- data
- response
- lang:en
- antiviral
- infection rate
- UK
- antibody
- domestic measures
- risk
- Omicron
- booster
- testing
- reinfection
- severity
- mask wearing
- Europe
- hospitalization
- Africa
- travel ban
- PCR
Annotators
URL
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www.abc.net.au www.abc.net.au
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“The day we’ve been planning for”: Gold Coast on COVID alert after six cases detected. (2021, December 9). ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-10/qld-coronavirus-covid-gold-coast-school-case-broadbeach/100687396
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inews.co.uk inews.co.uk
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Omicron cases may be far higher than currently confirmed, variant marker analysis reveals. (2021, December 8). Inews.Co.Uk. https://inews.co.uk/news/health/omicron-covid-cases-may-be-seven-times-higher-than-confirmed-1341156
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Cotterill, J. (2021, November 26). South African anger over ‘rushed’ Covid travel restrictions. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/6a177732-4faf-4ecb-adc1-667c22248e0f
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Sridhar, D. (2021, November 28). How bad will the Omicron Covid variant be in Britain? Three things will tell us. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/nov/28/omicron-covid-variant-britain-southern-africa
Tags
- travel restrictions
- home-testing kit
- variant
- health outcome
- mortality
- stock market
- public health measures
- Omicron
- booster
- government
- mask mandate
- travel ban
- immunity
- testing
- is:news
- mask wearing
- science
- virus genome
- strategy
- predominant strain
- COVID-19
- vaccine
- South Africa
- vaccine efficacy
- data
- hospitalization
- transmission
- lang:en
- England
- protection
- UK
Annotators
URL
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www.abbott.com www.abbott.com
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Evaluating Omicron and Other COVID Variants to Ensure Test Effectiveness. (n.d.). Abbott. Retrieved December 3, 2021, from https://www.abbott.com/corpnewsroom/diagnostics-testing/monitoring-covid-variants-to-ensure-test-effectiveness.html
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Andrew L. Croxford. (2021, December 1). Switzerland just clocked 10,466 cases today, which normalised to the U.K. would be 81,500, with a positive test frequency of 15.83%. Https://t.co/fxjSaL9n3O [Tweet]. @andrew_croxford. https://twitter.com/andrew_croxford/status/1466034479156404226
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- Nov 2021
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docs.pytest.org docs.pytest.org
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You can think of a test as being broken down into four steps: Arrange Act Assert Cleanup Arrange is where we prepare everything for our test. This means pretty much everything except for the “act”. It’s lining up the dominoes so that the act can do its thing in one, state-changing step. This can mean preparing objects, starting/killing services, entering records into a database, or even things like defining a URL to query, generating some credentials for a user that doesn’t exist yet, or just waiting for some process to finish. Act is the singular, state-changing action that kicks off the behavior we want to test. This behavior is what carries out the changing of the state of the system under test (SUT), and it’s the resulting changed state that we can look at to make a judgement about the behavior. This typically takes the form of a function/method call. Assert is where we look at that resulting state and check if it looks how we’d expect after the dust has settled. It’s where we gather evidence to say the behavior does or does not align with what we expect. The assert in our test is where we take that measurement/observation and apply our judgement to it. If something should be green, we’d say assert thing == "green". Cleanup is where the test picks up after itself, so other tests aren’t being accidentally influenced by it. At it’s core, the test is ultimately the act and assert steps, with the arrange step only providing the context. Behavior exists between act and assert.
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Annotators
URL
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www.reuters.com www.reuters.com
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Reuters. (2021, November 29). First suspected case of Omicron variant of COVID-19 detected in Switzerland. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/markets/europe/first-suspected-case-omicron-variant-covid-19-detected-switzerland-2021-11-29/
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www.bloomberg.com www.bloomberg.com
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Why Is It So Hard to Get a Rapid Covid Test in the U.S.? (2021, November 23). Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-11-23/why-is-it-so-hard-to-get-a-rapid-covid-test-in-the-u-s
Tags
- infection control
- sensitivity
- government
- resources
- travel ban
- testing
- test kit
- is:webpage
- USA
- COVID-19
- vaccine
- policy
- rapid testing
- lang:en
- Covid test
- NHS
- UK
- PCR
Annotators
URL
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www.cnbc.com www.cnbc.com
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Rattner, N. (2021, October 28). Some 5% of unvaccinated adults quit their jobs over Covid vaccine mandates, survey shows. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/10/28/covid-vaccine-some-5percent-of-unvaccinated-adults-have-quit-their-jobs-over-a-mandate-survey-shows.html
Tags
- is:news
- USA
- leave job
- business
- workforce
- testing mandate
- COVID-19
- compliance
- Labor department
- vaccine mandate
- lang:en
- survey
- Joe Biden
Annotators
URL
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Cauchemez, S., & Bosetti, P. (2021). A reconstruction of early cryptic COVID spread. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02989-3
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www.selenium.dev www.selenium.devWaits1
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www.varvet.com www.varvet.com
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But it is kind of verbose, and it’s also a lot slower, so I can understand why the model test might be preferred.
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I am firmly convinced that asserting on the state of the interface is in every way superior to asserting on the state of your model objects in a full-stack test.
Tags
- testing: philosohy of testing
- slow
- different approaches
- testing: end-to-end
- testing: avoid testing implementation details
- better/superior solution/way to do something
- verbose
- testing: tests should resemble the way your software is used
- testing: speed of tests
- Capybara
- testing: timing/waiting
Annotators
URL
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NHS Test and Trace has not spent £37bn so far. (16:10:35.640943+00:00). Full Fact. https://fullfact.org/online/37bn-test-trace-spending/
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github.com github.com
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I suggest renaming this to something like SomeInterfaceAsTypeWrittenByHand. Because one of the reasons for Simplify is so you don't have to write SomeType by hand. Then add the following to show that Simplify<SomeInterface> is the same as SomeInterfaceAsTypeWrittenByHand. declare const a: Simplify<SomeInterface>; expectType<SomeInterfaceAsTypeWrittenByHand>(a); // Interface is assignable to its Simplified type (created with Simplify, and by hand) expectType<Simplify<SomeInterface>>(someInterface); expectType<SomeInterfaceAsTypeWrittenByHand>(someInterface);
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Annotators
URL
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci. (2021, October 30). Does there maybe need to be more distinction between points raised for discussion and any actual decision? Without knowing about votes etc., it’s maybe a bit strong to say ‘JCVI wanted x...’? I’ve sat on many bodies with minutes documenting positions I disagreed with [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1454488759785897987
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- Oct 2021
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci. (2021, October 27). I must confess I do not understand these arguments. Testing would not cause anxiety if it weren’t discovering lots of cases [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1453323966093873152
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theconversation.com theconversation.com
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Robinson, A., & Baker, C. (n.d.). Your unvaccinated friend is roughly 20 times more likely to give you COVID. The Conversation. Retrieved 28 October 2021, from http://theconversation.com/your-unvaccinated-friend-is-roughly-20-times-more-likely-to-give-you-covid-170448
Tags
- restaurant
- Australia
- vaccination
- infect
- shop
- risk
- unvaccinated
- testing
- is:news
- pub
- case
- COVID-19
- vaccine
- travel
- socializing
- lang:en
Annotators
URL
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Josh Barocas, MD on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 28 October 2021, from https://twitter.com/jabarocas/status/1453438170364739586
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link.springer.com link.springer.com
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Knight, K. R., Duke, M. R., Carey, C. A., Pruss, G., Garcia, C. M., Lightfoot, M., Imbert, E., & Kushel, M. (2021). COVID-19 Testing and Vaccine Acceptability Among Homeless-Experienced Adults: Qualitative Data from Two Samples. Journal of General Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07161-1
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Yates, K. (2021, October 21). Britain’s Covid numbers show we need to move immediately to ‘plan B.’ The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/oct/21/britain-covid-numbers-plan-b-data
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Sparrow, A. (2021, October 21). UK Covid: Over 50,000 cases reported for first time since July as Johnson rejects calls to move to ‘plan B’ – as it happened. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/live/2021/oct/21/uk-covid-coronavirus-live-news-plan-b-lockdown-vaccines
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www.smh.com.au www.smh.com.au
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Alexander, H. (2021, October 21). How a false science ‘cure’ became Australia’s contribution to the pandemic. The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/national/how-a-false-science-cure-became-australia-s-contribution-to-the-pandemic-20211013-p58zp3.html
Tags
- Australia
- pandemic
- ivermectin
- death
- scientist
- dread
- testing
- drug
- false science
- overdose
- COVID-19
- contribution
- is:article
- lang:en
- cure
- laboratory
Annotators
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www.bbc.co.uk www.bbc.co.uk
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Covid: Lateral flow tests more accurate than first thought, study finds—BBC News. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-58899612
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Mahase, E. (2021). Covid-19: Antibody levels fall after second Pfizer dose, but protection against severe disease remains, studies indicate. BMJ, 375, n2481. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2481
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Yee, A. (n.d.). COVID’s Outsize Impact on Asian Americans Is Being Ignored. Scientific American. Retrieved May 14, 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covids-outsize-impact-on-asian-americans-is-being-ignored/
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- Sep 2021
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www.whitehouse.gov www.whitehouse.gov
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FACT SHEET: President Biden’s Global COVID-19 Summit: Ending the Pandemic and Building Back Better. (2021, September 22). The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/22/fact-sheet-president-bidens-global-covid-19-summit-ending-the-pandemic-and-building-back-better/
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Sadeque, S. (2021, September 15). Nearly all Fox staffers vaccinated for Covid even as hosts cast doubt on vaccine. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2021/sep/15/fox-news-vaccines-testing-tucker-carlson
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America Needs an Operation Warp Speed for Rapid COVID Testing. (n.d.). Time. Retrieved 13 September 2021, from https://time.com/6096528/operation-warp-speed-covid-19-testing/
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Covid-19: 90% of adults in Republic of Ireland now fully vaccinated. (2021, September 10). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58522792
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Ranney, O. by M. (n.d.). Opinion: Biden’s six-point Covid plan leaves some holes. CNN. Retrieved 13 September 2021, from https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/10/opinions/holes-in-bidens-six-point-covid-plan-ranney/index.html
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testing-library.com testing-library.com
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though we recommend Jest as our preference, the library works with any framework
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www.npmjs.com www.npmjs.com
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The more your tests resemble the way your software is used, the more confidence they can give you.
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- Aug 2021
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app.tophat.com app.tophat.com
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NEW SECTION: What is Money?
Test annotation
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- Jul 2021
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audiovisual.ec.europa.eu audiovisual.ec.europa.eu
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EC AV PORTAL. (n.d.). Retrieved 29 July 2021, from https://audiovisual.ec.europa.eu/en/video/I-202865
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Abbasi, K. (2020). Covid-19: Politicisation, “corruption,” and suppression of science. BMJ, 371, m4425. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4425
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docs.pytest.org docs.pytest.org
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Fixtures are created when first requested by a test, and are destroyed based on their scope: function: the default scope, the fixture is destroyed at the end of the test.
Fixtures can be executed in 5 different scopes, where function is the default one:
- function
- class
- module
- package
- session
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When pytest goes to run a test, it looks at the parameters in that test function’s signature, and then searches for fixtures that have the same names as those parameters. Once pytest finds them, it runs those fixtures, captures what they returned (if anything), and passes those objects into the test function as arguments.
What happens when we include fixtures in our testing code
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“Fixtures”, in the literal sense, are each of the arrange steps and data. They’re everything that test needs to do its thing.
To remind, the tests consist of 4 steps:
- Arrange
- Act
- Assert
- Cleanup
(pytest) fixtures are generally the arrange (set up) operations that need to be performed before the act (running the tests. However, fixtures can also perform the act step.
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Annotators
URL
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www.jpost.com www.jpost.com
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More than 1,000 Israelis test positive for COVID - The Jerusalem Post. (n.d.). Retrieved July 18, 2021, from https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/for-first-time-since-march-855-new-coronavirus-cases-in-israel-674084
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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Testing at GitLab is a first class citizen, not an afterthought. It’s important we consider the design of our tests as we do the design of our features.
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test-prof.evilmartians.io test-prof.evilmartians.ioTestProf1
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medium.com medium.com
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It’s fun but when would we ever use things like this in actual code?When it’s well tested, commented, documented, and becomes an understood idiom of your code base.We focus so much on black magic and avoiding it that we rarely have a chance to enjoy any of the benefits. When used responsibly and when necessary, it gives a lot of power and expressiveness.
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bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com
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Drury, John, Guanlan Mao, Ann John, Atiya Kamal, G. James Rubin, Clifford Stott, Tushna Vandrevala, and Theresa M. Marteau. ‘Behavioural Responses to Covid-19 Health Certification: A Rapid Review’. BMC Public Health 21, no. 1 (24 June 2021): 1205. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11166-0.
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seanacnet.com seanacnet.com
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SIT 是系統開發上的專有名詞 System integration testing 的縮寫
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Annotators
URL
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- Jun 2021
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blogs.bmj.com blogs.bmj.com
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After restriction: Why the public can only fulfill its responsibilities if the government fulfills theirs—The BMJ. (n.d.). Retrieved June 30, 2021, from https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/06/29/after-restriction-why-the-public-can-only-fulfill-its-responsibilities-if-the-government-fulfills-theirs/?utm_campaign=shareaholic&utm_medium=twitter&utm_source=socialnetwork
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www.straitstimes.com www.straitstimes.com
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Living normally, with Covid-19: Task force ministers on how S’pore is drawing road map for new normal, Opinion News & Top Stories—The Straits Times. (n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2021, from https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/living-normally-with-covid-19
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Covid-19 jabs for staff “should be our call” say 58% of UK managers | Business | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/mar/17/covid-19-jabs-for-staff-should-be-our-call-say-58-of-uk-managers?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Christophe Fraser 💙 on Twitter: “Reading Cummings accounts of early creation of Test & Trace, a question I have is when and how it was morphed from aiming to find ~30 contacts per index case, needed to contain spread, into a service that contacts 2-4 contacts per index case, mostly within household.” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2021, from https://twitter.com/ChristoPhraser/status/1408454903249477632
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twitter.com twitter.com
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VicGovDH. (2021, June 8). Reported yesterday: 1 new local case, 0 new cases acquired overseas. Got symptoms? Get tested. - 19,533 vaccine doses administered—28,485 test results received More later: Https://t.co/lIUrl0ZEco #COVID19VicData #COVID19Vic https://t.co/wc5BUgm6OK [Tweet]. @VicGovDH. https://twitter.com/VicGovDH/status/1402398048232349698
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thoughtbot.com thoughtbot.com
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evilmartians.com evilmartians.com
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A lot of projects leveraging CDP appeared since then, including the most well-known one—Puppeteer, a browser automation library for Node.js. What about the Ruby world? Ferrum, a CDP library for Ruby, although being a pretty young one, provides a comparable to Puppeteer experience. And, what’s more important for us, it ships with a companion project called Cuprite—a pure Ruby Capybara driver using CDP.
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That’s not the only way of writing end-to-end tests in Rails. For example, you can use Cypress JS framework and IDE. The only reason stopping me from trying this approach is the lack of multiple sessions support, which is required for testing real-time applications (i.e., those with AnyCable 😉).
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Thus, by adding system tests, we increase the maintenance costs for development and CI environments and introduce potential points of failures or instability: due to the complex setup, flakiness is the most common problem with end-to-end testing. And most of this flakiness comes from communication with a browser.
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For example, Database Cleaner for a long time was a must-have add-on: we couldn’t use transactions to automatically rollback the database state, because each thread used its own connection; we had to use TRUNCATE ... or DELETE FROM ... for each table instead, which is much slower. We solved this problem by using a shared connection in all threads (via the TestProf extension). Rails 5.1 was released with a similar functionality out-of-the-box.
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In practice, we usually also need another tool to provide an API to control the browser (e.g., ChromeDriver).
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“System tests” is a common naming for automated end-to-end tests in the Rails world. Before Rails adopted this name, we used such variations as feature tests, browser tests
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even acceptance tests (though the latter are ideologically different)
Tags
- no longer needed
- testing: end-to-end
- browser-based automated testing
- distinction
- advantages/merits/pros
- naming
- Cypress
- Capybara
- testing: database: wrapping tests in transaction
- misnomer
- Cuprite (Ruby)
- testing: stack: choosing
- Chromedriver
- testing: acceptance tests
- Ferrum (Ruby)
- testing: CDP-based
- disadvantages/drawbacks/cons
- limitations
- unfortunate limitations
- intermittent test failures (flaky tests)
- naming convention
- testing: system-level
Annotators
URL
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github.com github.com
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Cuprite is a pure Ruby driver (read as no Selenium/WebDriver/ChromeDriver dependency) for Capybara.
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github.com github.com
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www.mutuallyhuman.com www.mutuallyhuman.com
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This is why for a recent Angular+Rails project we chose to use a testing stack from the backend technology’s ecosystem for e2e testing.
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We were not strictly blackbox testing our application. We wanted to simulate a user walking thru specific scenarios in the app which required that we have corresponding data in the database. This helps ensure integration between the frontend and backend was wired up successfully and would give us a foundation for testing critical user flows.
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There are times to stretch individually and as a team, but there are also times to take advantage of what you already know.
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When it came to testing the whole product, end-to-end, owning both sides gave us not only more options to consider, but also more tools to choose from.
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This meant that we owned both sides of the product implementation. For unit testing on the frontend, we stayed with Angular’s suggestion of Jasmine. For unit testing on the backend, we went with rspec-rails. These worked well since unit tests don’t need to cross technology boundaries.
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We used testing tools that were in the same ecosystem as our backend technology stack for primrily three reasons: We owned both ends of the stack Team experience Interacting with the database
Tags
- frontend vs. backend: owning both ends
- official preferred convention / way to do something
- determining if something is an appropriate application / best tool for the job
- testing: end-to-end
- software stack: choosing
- good advice
- end-to-end testing
- testing: black-box testing
- software stack: choosing: factors: familiarity/experience
- testing: stack: choosing
- testing: unit tests
- rationale
- testing: stack
- explaining why
- testing: clear-box testing
- key point
- how to choose a dependency/library/framework
- answer the "why?"
- using disparate technologies in a single project
- officially recommended
- people stick to what they know
Annotators
URL
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Rapid Covid tests used in mass UK programme get scathing US report | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 12, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/11/us-health-agency-gives-innova-lateral-flow-covid-tests-scathing-review
Tags
- mass testing
- rapid COVID test
- US Food and Drug Agency
- risk
- FDA
- concern
- intervention
- government
- is:news
- USA
- accuracy
- lateral flow
- COVID-19
- Innova
- data
- lang:en
- UK
Annotators
URL
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hacks.mozilla.org hacks.mozilla.org
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This poses a few problems for automation. In some environments, there may be no graphical display available, or it may be desirable to not have the browser appear at all when being controlled.
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browsersync.io browsersync.io
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github.com github.com
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Mocking is a form of global state like others (including ENV sharing), which will cause difficulties here (more with threads, a bit less with forks).
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about.gitlab.com about.gitlab.com
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www.mutuallyhuman.com www.mutuallyhuman.com
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I’m going to add the API Server as an actor to my first test sequence to give some granularity as to what I’m actually testing.
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For features like websocket interactions, a single full-stack smoke test is almost essential to confirm that things are going as planned, even if the individual parts of the interaction are also covered by unit tests.
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github.com github.com
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Why does test suite performance matter? First of all, testing is a part of a developer's feedback loop (see @searls talk) and, secondly, it is a part of a deployment cycle.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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How to test at the correct level?
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As many things in life, deciding what to test at each level of testing is a trade-off:
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Unit tests are usually cheap, and you should consider them like the basement of your house
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A system test is often better than an integration test that is stubbing a lot of internals.
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Only test the happy path, but make sure to add a test case for any regression that couldn’t have been caught at lower levels with better tests (for example, if a regression is found, regression tests should be added at the lowest level possible).
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White-box tests at the system level (formerly known as System / Feature tests)
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GitLab is transitioning from controller specs to request specs.
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These kind of tests ensure that individual parts of the application work well together, without the overhead of the actual app environment (i.e. the browser). These tests should assert at the request/response level: status code, headers, body. They’re useful to test permissions, redirections, what view is rendered etc.
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These tests should be isolated as much as possible. For example, model methods that don’t do anything with the database shouldn’t need a DB record. Classes that don’t need database records should use stubs/doubles as much as possible.
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Black-box tests at the system level (aka end-to-end or QA tests)
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White-box tests at the system level (aka system or feature tests)
Tags
- falling out of favor
- testing: end-to-end
- testing: white-box testing
- good advice
- end-to-end testing
- regression testing
- testing: what is worth testing?
- testing: speed of tests: avoid doing unnecessary work
- testing: types of tests
- testing: unit tests
- GitLab
- happy path
- testing: what to test
- name changes
- guidelines
- testing: clear-box testing
- testing: levels of tests
- testing: levels of tests: prefer lower-level tests when possible
- testing: Rails: controller tests
- testing: levels of tests: higher level better than stubbing a lot of internals
- newer/better ways of doing things
- testing: integration tests
- testing: levels of tests: how to test at the correct level?
- testing: system-level
Annotators
URL
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Levels
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White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of software testing that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing)
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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A common cause of a large number of created factories is factory cascades, which result when factories create and recreate associations.
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Test speed GitLab has a massive test suite that, without parallelization, can take hours to run. It’s important that we make an effort to write tests that are accurate and effective as well as fast.
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:js is particularly important to avoid. This must only be used if the feature test requires JavaScript reactivity in the browser. Using a headless browser is much slower than parsing the HTML response from the app.
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Use Factory Doctor to find cases where database persistence is not needed in a given test.
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:clean_gitlab_redis_cache which provides a clean Redis cache to the examples.
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Time returned from a database can differ in precision from time objects in Ruby, so we need flexible tolerances when comparing in specs. We can use be_like_time to compare that times are within one second of each other.
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Parameterized tests
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This style of testing is used to exercise one piece of code with a comprehensive range of inputs. By specifying the test case once, alongside a table of inputs and the expected output for each, your tests can be made easier to read and more compact.
Tags
- test factory: problems: factory cascades
- testing: clearing cache
- testing: speed of tests
- testing: comprehensiveness (testing all possible/representative cases)
- precision
- testing: speed of tests: avoid doing unnecessary work
- testing: parameterized tests
- testing: tolerance for small differences (precision)
Annotators
URL
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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As an example you might create 5 issues in between counts, which would cause the query count to increase by 5 if an N+1 problem exists.
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QueryRecorder is a tool for detecting the N+1 queries problem from tests.
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www.baeldung.com www.baeldung.com
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One such feature is parameterized tests. This feature enables us to execute a single test method multiple times with different parameters.
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gitlab.com gitlab.com
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In Jest we are currently running all tests in JSDOM and not in a browser. This implies that certain scenarios cannot be tested or behave differently than in the real application.
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gitlab.com gitlab.com
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Move it to Jest. This potentially requires extending our jsdom mocked browser environment. Move it to RSpec. This will probably require us changing our perspective to a use-case oriented one. We just want to make sure we have the same value coverage.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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We should test for events emitted in response to an action in our component. This is used to verify the correct events are being fired with the correct arguments.
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Do not test the internal implementation of the child components:
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Test we react correctly to any events emitted from child components:
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Test any directive that defines if/how child component is rendered (for example, v-if and v-for).
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A rule of thumb is that data should just be data - it is not recommended to observe objects with their own stateful behavior.
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Although each method of a Vue component can be tested individually, our goal is to test the output of the render function, which represents the state at all times.
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docs.gitlab.com docs.gitlab.com
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Global mocks introduce magic and technically can reduce test coverage.
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Manual mocks are used to mock modules across the entire Jest environment. This is a very powerful testing tool that helps simplify unit testing by mocking out modules which cannot be easily consumed in our test environment.
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Jest provides useful matchers like toHaveLength or toBeUndefined to make your tests more readable and to produce more understandable error messages.
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targeting what the user actually sees
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hen selecting by text it is best to use the byRole query as it helps enforce accessibility best practices.
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The most important guideline to give is the following: Write clean unit tests if there is actual value in testing a complex piece of logic in isolation to prevent it from breaking in the future Otherwise, try to write your specs as close to the user’s flow as possible
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Another common gotcha is that the specs end up verifying the mock is working. If you are using mocks, the mock should support the test, but not be the target of the test.
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Don’t test the library
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Testing the hasMetricTypes computed prop would seem like a given here. But to test if the computed property is returning the length of metricTypes, is testing the Vue library itself. There is no value in this, besides it adding to the test suite.
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It’s better to test a component in the way the user interacts with it: checking the rendered template.
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Tags
- testing: test doubles/mocks/stubs/spies
- good advice
- end-to-end testing
- readability
- testing: avoid over-testing: don't test the library
- testing: what is worth testing?
- testing
- testing: avoid over-testing: don't test your mock
- testing: unit tests
- GitLab
- best practices
- accessibility
- testing: matchers: use specific, descriptive matchers
- frontend testing
- disadvantages/drawbacks/cons
- rule of thumb
- reasonable compromise
- testing: tests should resemble the way your software is used
- pragmatic
- guidelines
- magical
Annotators
URL
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Karlinsky, A., & Kobak, D. (2021). The World Mortality Dataset: Tracking excess mortality across countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. MedRxiv, 2021.01.27.21250604. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.27.21250604
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Madhu Pai, MD, PhD on Twitter: “#COVID19 surge in Uganda looks ominous Vaccine coverage = 1.5% with 1 dose https://t.co/TRAjEVC59U” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved June 7, 2021, from https://twitter.com/paimadhu/status/1401010082884853768
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clojure.org clojure.org
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Property-based, generative testing
In Python: https://hypothesis.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
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Mahase, E. (2021). Covid-19: Is it safe to lift all restrictions in England from 21 June? BMJ, 373, n1399. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1399
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- May 2021
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science.sciencemag.org science.sciencemag.org
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García-Fiñana, M., & Buchan, I. E. (2021). Rapid antigen testing in COVID-19 responses. Science, 372(6542), 571–572. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6680
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Richardson, H. (2021). How waste water is helping South Africa fight COVID-19. Nature, 593(7860), 616–617. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01399-9
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dilushakumarage.medium.com dilushakumarage.medium.com
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Method 1: We can grab the PDF Versions of Google’s TotT episodes or create our own posters that are more relevant to the company and put them in places where both developers and testers can’t be ignored.Method 2 : We can initiate something called ‘Tip of the day’ Mailing System from Quality Engineering Department.
Ways to implement Google's Testing on the Toilet concept
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They started to write flyers about everything from dependency injection to code coverage and then regularly plaster the bathrooms in all over Google with each episode, almost 500 stalls worldwide.
Testing on the Toilet (TotT) concept
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Dogfooding → Internal adoption of software that is not yet released. The phrase “eating your own dogfood” is meant to convey the idea that if you make a product to sell to someone else, you should be willing to use it yourself to find out if it is any good.
Dogfooding testing method at Google
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Janke, S., Rudert, S. C., Petersen, Ä., Fritz, T., & Daumiller, M. (2021). Cheating in the wake of COVID-19: How dangerous is ad-hoc online testing for academic integrity? PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6xmzh
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Government to launch 40,000 person daily contact testing study. (n.d.). GOV.UK. Retrieved 13 May 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-to-launch-40000-person-daily-contact-testing-study
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Katz, B. (2021, April 13). Fake Covid-19 Certificates Hit Airlines, Which Now Have to Police Them. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/fake-covid-19-certificates-hit-airlines-which-now-have-to-police-them-11618330621
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Kennedy-Shaffer, L., Kahn, R., & Lipsitch, M. (2021). Estimating vaccine efficacy against transmission via effect on viral load [Preprint]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.03.21256556
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science.sciencemag.org science.sciencemag.org
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Pavelka, M., Van-Zandvoort, K., Abbott, S., Sherratt, K., Majdan, M., Group†, C. C.-19 working, Analýz†, I. Z., Jarčuška, P., Krajčí, M., Flasche, S., & Funk, S. (2021). The impact of population-wide rapid antigen testing on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in Slovakia. Science, 372(6542), 635–641. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abf9648
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Mallapaty, S. (2020). The mathematical strategy that could transform coronavirus testing. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02053-6
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Lewis, T. (n.d.). COVID-19 Spit Tests Used by NBA Are Now Authorized by FDA. Scientific American. Retrieved August 24, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covid-19-spit-tests-used-by-nba-are-now-authorized-by-fda/
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Aleta, A., Martín-Corral, D., Pastore y Piontti, A., Ajelli, M., Litvinova, M., Chinazzi, M., Dean, N. E., Halloran, M. E., Longini Jr, I. M., Merler, S., Pentland, A., Vespignani, A., Moro, E., & Moreno, Y. (2020). Modelling the impact of testing, contact tracing and household quarantine on second waves of COVID-19. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0931-9
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci. (2021, February 18). @ErikAngner I thought I joined the ‘conversation’ at the top- did I miss part of a prior thread? Post I responded to seemed to be the beginning of a thread...ie. ‘regular reminder that...’ [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1362385973603168257
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dash.harvard.edu dash.harvard.edu
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Kissler, S., Fauver, J. R., Mack, C., Tai, C. G., Breban, M. I., Watkins, A. E., Samant, R. M., Anderson, D. J., Ho, D. D., Grubaugh, N. D., & Grad, Y. (2021). Densely sampled viral trajectories suggest longer duration of acute infection with B.1.1.7 variant relative to non-B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2. https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/37366884
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News, J. A., Kaiser Health. (n.d.). Why the U.S. Is Underestimating COVID Reinfection. Scientific American. Retrieved 10 February 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-u-s-is-underestimating-covid-reinfection/
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Wu, K. J. (2020, November 2). A Rapid Virus Test Falters in People Without Symptoms, Study Finds. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/02/health/coronavirus-testing-quidel-sofia.html
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Jonathan Rothberg 🦋. (2021, March 2). Testing works. I test daily. Insist on HOME testing. @michaelmina_lab @JoeBiden Research suggests B.1.526 needs to be closely watched “for its ability to evade both monoclonal antibody and, to a certain extent, the vaccine-induced antibody,” said Fauci [Tweet]. @JMRothberg. https://twitter.com/JMRothberg/status/1366755339912306688
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hashnode.com hashnode.com
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With every other change I make, I have to test in a dozen clients and make sure it looks fine. Why is there so much variation in email style implementation amongst different clients?
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I've worked with people at companies where this was their only responsibility. Setting up emails for clients, making sure they pass a battery of tests and look great in all browsers and clients. It's an incredible PITA and it's not a set it and forget it thing. Clients can change month to month; spam filters change, etc...
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Testing your designs is also crucial step during this process.
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Remember, even the email clients with better HTML and CSS support have their own individual quirks and still require testing to see what’s possible.
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Hall, V. J., Foulkes, S., Saei, A., Andrews, N., Oguti, B., Charlett, A., Wellington, E., Stowe, J., Gillson, N., Atti, A., Islam, J., Karagiannis, I., Munro, K., Khawam, J., Chand, M. A., Brown, C. S., Ramsay, M., Lopez-Bernal, J., Hopkins, S., … Heeney, J. L. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine coverage in health-care workers in England and effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against infection (SIREN): A prospective, multicentre, cohort study. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00790-X
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Bosman, J., Burch, A. D. S., & Mervosh, S. (2020, November 6). One Day in America: More Than 121,000 Coronavirus Cases. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/05/us/covid-one-day-in-america.html
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Lewis, T. (n.d.). Slovakia Offers a Lesson in How Rapid Testing Can Fight COVID. Scientific American. Retrieved April 9, 2021, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/slovakia-offers-a-lesson-in-how-rapid-testing-can-fight-covid/
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twitter.com twitter.com
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🔥 Kareem Carr 🔥 on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 1 May 2021, from https://twitter.com/kareem_carr/status/1383925269132582912
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- Apr 2021
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Scheel, Anne M., Mitchell R. M. J. Schijen, and Daniël Lakens. ‘An Excess of Positive Results: Comparing the Standard Psychology Literature With Registered Reports’. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 4, no. 2 (1 April 2021): 25152459211007468. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459211007467.
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Tan, Steph H., Orchid Allicock, Mari Armstrong-Hough, and Anne L. Wyllie. ‘Saliva as a Gold-Standard Sample for SARS-CoV-2 Detection’. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine 0, no. 0 (19 April 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00178-8.
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Rukmini, S. (2021, April 21). India’s government has abandoned its citizens to face a deadly second wave alone. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/apr/21/indias-government-abandoned-citizens-deadly-second-covid-wave
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Beaumont, P. (2021, April 22). Covid-19: India’s response to second wave is warning to other countries. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/22/covid-19-india-response-to-second-wave-is-warning-to-other-countries
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Gross, A. (2021, April 15). Concerns rise about spread of coronavirus variant in London. https://www.ft.com/content/d1a18cef-68ff-4f37-b5d7-ad522b2bbf68
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Morrow, Alison, Sara Jenks, and Becky Batchelor. ‘The Effect of Antibody Test Result Knowledge on Transmission Reducing Behaviours’. PsyArXiv, 13 April 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/unm7r.
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www.rubyguides.com www.rubyguides.com
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blog.dnsimple.com blog.dnsimple.com
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medium.com medium.com
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To improve the usability of text fields and to determine which text field variables to alter, our researchers and designers conducted two studies between November 2016 and February 2017, with actual users.
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github.com github.com
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let(:warden) do instance_double('Warden::Proxy').tap do |warden| allow(warden).to receive(:authenticate!).with(scope: :user) .and_return(authenticated?) allow(warden).to receive(:user).with(:user).and_return(user) end end let(:user) { instance_double(User) } let(:authenticated?) { true } def simulate_running_with_devise stub_const( 'Rack::MockRequest::DEFAULT_ENV', Rack::MockRequest::DEFAULT_ENV.merge('warden' => warden), ) end
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There is no request.env in functional tests because the functional tests are supposed to remain at the controller level.
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- Mar 2021
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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There is obvious connections between the flow paths of a use case and its test cases. Deriving functional test cases from a use case through its scenarios (running instances of a use case) is straightforward.
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved August 25, 2020, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1297566120900268035
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Larremore, D. B., Wilder, B., Lester, E., Shehata, S., Burke, J. M., Hay, J. A., Tambe, M., Mina, M. J., & Parker, R. (2020). Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for COVID-19 surveillance. MedRxiv, 2020.06.22.20136309. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.22.20136309
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www.researchgate.net www.researchgate.net
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Leffler, C., Ing, E., Lykins, J., Hogan, M., McKeown, C., & Grzybowski, A. (2020). Association of country-wide coronavirus mortality with demographics, testing, lockdowns, and public wearing of masks (Update June 15, 2020).
Tags
- lockdown
- mortality
- social norm
- COVID-19
- restriction
- is:article
- public
- policy
- lang:en
- testing
- face mask
Annotators
URL
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www.newscientist.com www.newscientist.com
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