- Aug 2024
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engineering.fb.com engineering.fb.com
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Utilization effectiveness
This is a new term to me. I think it's bit like PUE in that you want the number to be as close to 1 as possible (i.e. for 1 server's worth of utilisation, you want to have provision 1 server, not 5)
So, I think this is the term you might use to talk about how a hyperscaler datacentre might be full of individually efficient servers, but only have 5% of them serving workloads - the rest is just spare capacity ready to sell, or give away as credits
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- May 2024
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Computer generated or response dependent releases can be allocated for some feedback,
computer generated feedback - I would ask students to tell me how they implemented feedback
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Feedback strategies and sequences such as those suggested to humanize online instructor feedback might move learning from external regulation by the instructor to internal self-regulation by students.
increasing student usage of feedback - humanize it
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- Mar 2024
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Local file Local file
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It is there-fore to be expected that the initial cost of the card system is nota fair criterion of its cost when in working order.
Setting up and learning a note taking or card index system has a reasonably large up-front cost, but learning it well and being able to rely on it over long periods of time will eventually reap larger and cheaper long-term outcomes and benefits.
Unless changing systems creates dramatically larger improvements, the cost of change will surely swamp the benefits making the switch useless. This advice given by Kaiser is still as true today as it was in 1908, we tend not to think about the efficiency as much now as he may have then however and fall trap to shiny object syndrome.
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- Dec 2023
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www.linkedin.com www.linkedin.com
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for: climate crisis - debate - community action, climate crisis - discussion - community action, indyweb - curation example
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discussion: effectiveness of community action to address climate crisis
- This is a good discussion on the effectiveness of community action to address the climate crisis.
- It offers a diverse range of perspectives that can all be mapped using SRG trailmark protocol and then data visualized within Indyweb via cytoscape
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- Sep 2023
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this is just a hypothesis there's a thing called the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics like why is it the case that you go off and you invent complex numbers and quaternions and do abstract algebra and somehow that has something 00:33:26 to say about the physical world still a mystery but there's an unreasonable effectiveness of deep learning there is no a priori reason why DNA and images and video and speech synthesis and fmri 00:33:40 should share a kind of universal shape but they do and I think that's telling us something very deep about the structure of the universe
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for: unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics, emptiness, emptiness - unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics
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comment
- everything is an expression of emptiness
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- May 2023
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forum.artofmemory.com forum.artofmemory.com
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They are efficiency and effectiveness. For memory systems, an effective system is one that gets the right answer every time no matter how long it takes you. And the efficient system is one that uses the least amount of resources like time, associations, dependent systems, etc. but it may not be that good at providing the correct answers.
Efficiency and effectiveness measures for specific mnemonic systems may vary from person to person, so one should consider them with respect to their own practices. There may not be a single "right" or "correct" practice universally, but there could be one for everyone individually based on their own choices or preferences.
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- Feb 2023
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Eugene P. Wigner, The unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in thenatural sciences, Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 13 (1960), 1–14.
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- Nov 2022
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tim.blog tim.blog
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The way you deal with your time outside of work is a little bit different, and so I’m going to put that aside.
I wonder in what ways the time outside of work is managed differently. In the end, it is all about allocating your time to the uses you decide on.
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- Oct 2022
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niklas-luhmann-archiv.de niklas-luhmann-archiv.de
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Das Produktivitätsproblem muss inbezug auf eine Relation gestellt werden,nämlich in bezug auf die Relation vonZettelkasten und Benutzer.
"The productivity problem must be formulated in the context of a relation, in the relation of the ZK and its user." This holds generally I suppose, productivity notions must be placed in the context of the producer and their tools. Where the producer also is the one formulating what counts as productivity. Vgl [[A Practice for Note Card Systems Outputs – Interdependent Thoughts 20221023140227]] Reading this I realise I have little purpose for e.g. economic measures of general population productivity, and e.g. in my company staying away from using billable hours as measure for productivity (but struggling to find another way to have such conversations, about effectiveness perhaps more than productivity)
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- Aug 2022
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Chadeau-Hyam, M., Wang, H., Eales, O., Haw, D., Bodinier, B., Whitaker, M., Walters, C. E., Ainslie, K. E. C., Atchison, C., Fronterre, C., Diggle, P. J., Page, A. J., Trotter, A. J., Ashby, D., Barclay, W., Taylor, G., Cooke, G., Ward, H., Darzi, A., … Elliott, P. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine effectiveness in England (REACT-1): A series of cross-sectional random community surveys. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00542-7
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Kustin, T., Harel, N., Finkel, U., Perchik, S., Harari, S., Tahor, M., Caspi, I., Levy, R., Leschinsky, M., Dror, S. K., Bergerzon, G., Gadban, H., Gadban, F., Eliassian, E., Shimron, O., Saleh, L., Ben-Zvi, H., Amichay, D., Ben-Dor, A., … Stern, A. (2021). Evidence for increased breakthrough rates of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinated individuals. MedRxiv, 2021.04.06.21254882. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.06.21254882
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Beaumont, P. (2021, December 17). T-cells in Pfizer Covid jab recipients stay robust against severe illness. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/17/t-cells-pfizer-covid-jab-robust-against-severe-illness-south-africa-research
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Gutman, R. (2021, October 28). Is Moderna Really Better Than Pfizer—Or Is It Just a Higher Dose? The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/10/pfizer-moderna-dose-which-vaccine-best/620501/
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Weaver, M. (2022, January 4). Omicron infections may have plateaued in London, Neil Ferguson says. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/04/omicron-infections-may-have-plateaued-in-london-neil-ferguson-says
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khub.net khub.net
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Andrews, N., Stowe, J., Kirsebom, F., Gower, C., Ramsay, M., & Lopez Bernal, J. (2021). Effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Comirnaty, Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 booster vaccine against covid-19 related symptoms in England: Test negative case-control study [Preprint]. Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.15.21266341
Tags
- COVID-19
- Moderna
- is:preprint
- protection
- vaccine
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- England
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- lang:en
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- BNT162b2 vaccine
- Pfizer-BioNTech
- over 50s
Annotators
URL
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www.bbc.com www.bbc.com
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Ro, C. (2021, November 1). Why mandatory vaccination is nothing new. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20211029-why-mandatory-vaccination-is-nothing-new
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Dickson, C. (2021, November 30). B.C. identifies 1st case of omicron variant | CBC News. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/henry-dix-nov30-1.6267987
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Anthes, E. (2021, August 19). What to Know About Boosters if You Got the Johnson & Johnson Vaccine. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/19/health/coronavirus-johnson-vaccine-booster.html
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www.fda.gov www.fda.gov
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Commissioner. (2021, October 29). FDA Authorizes Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine for Emergency Use in Children 5 through 11 Years of Age. FDA; FDA. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-authorizes-pfizer-biontech-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-children-5-through-11-years-age
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- FDA
- safety
- COVID-19
- children
- USA
- vaccine
- 5-to 11-year-old
- is:other
- effectiveness
- lang:en
- emergency use authorization
- Pfizer-BioNTech
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URL
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Zimmer, C. (2021, June 6). We’ll Probably Need Booster Shots for Covid-19. But When? And Which Ones? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/06/science/covid-vaccine-boosters.html
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Lauring, A. S., Tenforde, M. W., Chappell, J. D., Gaglani, M., Ginde, A. A., McNeal, T., Ghamande, S., Douin, D. J., Talbot, H. K., Casey, J. D., Mohr, N. M., Zepeski, A., Shapiro, N. I., Gibbs, K. W., Files, D. C., Hager, D. N., Shehu, A., Prekker, M. E., Erickson, H. L., … Self, W. H. (2022). Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: Prospective observational study. BMJ, 376, e069761. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-069761
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www.sueddeutsche.de www.sueddeutsche.de
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Zeitung, S. (2021, December 1). Sieben weitere bestätigte Omikron-Fälle in Hessen. Süddeutsche.de. https://www.sueddeutsche.de/gesundheit/gesundheit-frankfurt-am-main-sieben-weitere-bestaetigte-omikron-faelle-in-hessen-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-211201-99-218296
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Lipsitch, M., Krammer, F., Regev-Yochay, G., Lustig, Y., & Balicer, R. D. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals: Measurement, causes and impact. Nature Reviews Immunology, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00662-4
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Nature Portfolio. (2021, October 15). A study in @NatureMedicine indicates that the effectiveness of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections with symptoms or high viral burden is reduced with the Delta variant compared to the Alpha variant. Https://go.nature.com/3vecpoj https://t.co/XQdnMYguFz [Tweet]. @NaturePortfolio. https://twitter.com/NaturePortfolio/status/1449145321188216836
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twitter.com twitter.com
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nature. (2021, November 9). Protein-based vaccines—With their inexpensive production protocols and logistical advantages—Could help to narrow the immunization gap between rich and poor countries https://t.co/pLunUiQl3n [Tweet]. @Nature. https://twitter.com/Nature/status/1458009972214747136
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Prof. Shane Crotty. (2021, October 19). 1/ The regular vaccines give great booster responses against Delta and other variants This was first shown by Moderna, with “original recipe” vaccine booster, compare to Beta booster. Https://nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01527-y https://t.co/g7YDwGIURP [Tweet]. @profshanecrotty. https://twitter.com/profshanecrotty/status/1450489709050744833
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Eric Topol. (2021, October 27). 'The benefit of a third [booster] dose in reducing transmission is sizeable and increases with vaccine coverage and contact rates among individuals." https://medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.21265500v1 by @billygardner and @DiseaseEcology https://t.co/zAZcJgF1nJ [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1453153076165021696
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gidmk.medium.com gidmk.medium.com
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Nerd, G. M.-K. H. (2022, February 25). The Jury is Still Out on Ivermectin. Medium. https://gidmk.medium.com/the-jury-is-still-out-on-ivermectin-7d0a1895549
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Khairy Jamaluddin 🇲🇾🌺. (2021, November 14). Real world data from Chile has shown significant increase in vaccine effectiveness after a booster for people who took Sinovac for their primary series. Biggest boost came with a Pfizer booster. Other countries are also combining SSP. Take the booster when offered. Https://t.co/N98K1eEvTR [Tweet]. @Khairykj. https://twitter.com/Khairykj/status/1459800517635305474
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- May 2022
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www.tiktok.com www.tiktok.com
- Apr 2022
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nymag.com nymag.com
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Danner, C. (2022, January 14). Seriously, Upgrade Your Face Mask. Intelligencer. https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/why-you-should-upgrade-your-face-mask-to-an-n95.html
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www.epi-phare.fr www.epi-phare.fr
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Covid-19: Efficacité vaccinale. (2021, October 11). EPI-PHARE. https://www.epi-phare.fr/rapports-detudes-et-publications/impact-vaccination-covid-octobre-2021/
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twitter.com twitter.com
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🇺🇦 Meaghan Kall. (2022, January 27). NEW: 🏴 Vaccine effectiveness (symptomatic infection) data for BA.2 {Omicron’s more infectious sister} NO difference in VE between Omicron (BA.1) and BA.2 Possibly even higher VE for BA.2 but estimates overlap See full thread 🧵 from @freja_kirsebom https://t.co/bJ7uCn2cGV [Tweet]. @kallmemeg. https://twitter.com/kallmemeg/status/1486821549458001927
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Freja Kirsebom. (2022, January 28). Two important updates from our team this week: - Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic disease after Omicron BA.2 shows that VE remains unchanged—VE against death after Omicron BA.1 shows VE is 95% at 2+ weeks after booster 1/7 Full report https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1050721/Vaccine-surveillance-report-week-4.pdf [Tweet]. @freja_kirsebom. https://twitter.com/freja_kirsebom/status/1486730977464369160
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twitter.com twitter.com
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James Ward on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://twitter.com/JamesWard73/status/1470680953643319305
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Pérez-Then, E., Lucas, C., Monteiro, V. S., Miric, M., Brache, V., Cochon, L., Vogels, C. B. F., Cruz, E. D. la, Jorge, A., Santos, M. D. los, Leon, P., Breban, M. I., Billig, K., Yildirim, I., Pearson, C., Downing, R., Gagnon, E., Muyombwe, A., Razeq, J., … Iwasaki, A. (2021). Immunogenicity of heterologous BNT162b2 booster in fully vaccinated individuals with CoronaVac against SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Omicron: The Dominican Republic Experience (p. 2021.12.27.21268459). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.27.21268459
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twitter.com twitter.com
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🇺🇦 Meaghan Kall [@kallmemeg]. (2021, December 23). VACCINES Speaking of boosters, it’s not great news I’m afraid. Updated vaccine effectiveness analysis shows mRNA boosters beginning to wane from one month (week 5-9) for Omicron, and as low as 30-50% effective from 10 weeks post-booster. This effect is not seen with Delta. Https://t.co/g0tLxH3vLR [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/kallmemeg/status/1474072056878804992
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Levine-Tiefenbrun, M., Yelin, I., Alapi, H., Katz, R., Herzel, E., Kuint, J., Chodick, G., Gazit, S., Patalon, T., & Kishony, R. (2021). Viral loads of Delta-variant SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections after vaccination and booster with BNT162b2. Nature Medicine, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01575-4
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Sanderson, K. (2021). COVID vaccines protect against Delta, but their effectiveness wanes. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02261-8
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., AlMukdad, S., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Coyle, P., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Al-Kanaani, Z., Al-Kuwari, E., Jeremijenko, A., Kaleeckal, A. H., Latif, A. N., Shaik, R. M., Abdul-Rahim, H. F., Nasrallah, G. K., Al-Kuwari, M. G., … Bertollini, R. (2022). Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) infection in Qatar (p. 2022.01.18.22269452). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.18.22269452
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- Mar 2022
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www.businessinsider.com www.businessinsider.com
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That’s all fine and well and good as long as you don’t have a crisis
Systems that are too efficient will become brittle. Brittle systems collapse catastrophically when conditions vary too far from expectations. The only way to accommodate unforeseeable circumstances is to give up some efficiency for greater flexibility. This produces robust systems that endure where brittle systems collapse.
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Blachere, F. M., Lemons, A. R., Coyle, J. P., Derk, R. C., Lindsley, W. G., Beezhold, D. H., Woodfork, K., Duling, M. G., Boutin, B., Boots, T., Harris, J. R., Nurkiewicz, T., & Noti, J. D. (2021). Face mask fit modifications that improve source control performance (p. 2021.09.16.21263642). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.16.21263642
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hackmd.io hackmd.io
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Myths about COVID-19 vaccination. (n.d.). HackMD. Retrieved March 23, 2022, from https://hackmd.io/@scibehC19vax/misinfo_myths
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www.news18.com www.news18.com
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Corbevax: All About India’s First Protein Sub-Unit Covid Vaccine to be Given to 12-14 Age Group From Today. (2022, March 16). News18. https://www.news18.com/news/india/corbevax-all-about-indias-first-protein-sub-unit-covid-vaccine-to-be-given-to-12-14-age-group-from-today-4874345.html
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newrepublic.com newrepublic.com
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Bacharach, J., Schreiber, M., Schreiber, M., Schreiber, M., Schreiber, M., Adler-Bell, S., Adler-Bell, S., Beacock, I., Beacock, I., Rosenfeld, S., Rosenfeld, S., Subramanian, S., & Subramanian, S. (2022, March 15). Why Is David Leonhardt So Happy? The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/165729/david-leonhardt-happy-review-new-york-times-morning-newsletter
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oac.cdlib.org oac.cdlib.org
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Program on Human Effectiveness
Program on Human Effectiveness, DCE, 12-Dec-1961 This version omits the Cost paragraph
- Scan Copy: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1muaDKwk18scpBg8IlixDF8lgvYp8mflj/view?usp=sharing
- PDF Transcript: (date incorrect) https://archive.org/details/1962-program-on-human-effectiveness
- MouseSite Browseable: https://web.archive.org/web/20110730054734/http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/Archive/Post68/PrHumanEffectiveness.html
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box 1, folder 8 ARC Record 1 1959-1962
Includes:
Program on Human Effectiveness, DCE, 12-Dec-1961 This version includes the Cost paragraph * Scan Copy: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GQoBzpfCaM2XR0z4nPOYqkziWANnID0_/view?usp=sharing * PDF Transcript: https://dougengelbart.org/pubs/white-papers/1961-Program-On-Human-Effectiveness.pdf * DEI Browseable: https://dougengelbart.org/pubs/augment-133401.html
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Yang, M. (2022, February 28). Pfizer vaccine significantly less effective in children ages five to 11, study shows. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/feb/28/pfizer-vaccine-less-effective-children-ages-five-to-11-data
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- Feb 2022
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twitter.com twitter.comTwitter1
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ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: “RT @Gab_H_R: Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against-Omicron and Delta variants ⚠️ The 3dose VE was 71.6% and 47.4% against Omicron infection (…” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1496032262177136642
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www.nejm.org www.nejm.org
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Altarawneh, H. N., Chemaitelly, H., Hasan, M. R., Ayoub, H. H., Qassim, S., AlMukdad, S., Coyle, P., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Benslimane, F. M., Al-Kanaani, Z., Al-Kuwari, E., Jeremijenko, A., Kaleeckal, A. H., Latif, A. N., Shaik, R. M., Abdul-Rahim, H. F., Nasrallah, G. K., Al-Kuwari, M. G., … Abu-Raddad, L. J. (2022). Protection against the Omicron Variant from Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 0(0), null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2200133
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Freja Kirsebom. (2022, January 7). Today we publish our latest analysis where we stratify by age to investigate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against Omicron in adults aged 65 years and older in England. Https://t.co/y73uto6kll 1/14 [Tweet]. @freja_kirsebom. https://twitter.com/freja_kirsebom/status/1479528228079509516
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www.cdc.gov www.cdc.gov
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Halasa, N. B. (2022). Effectiveness of Maternal Vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine During Pregnancy Against COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization in Infants Aged 6 Months—17 States, July 2021–January 2022. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7107e3
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gothamist.com gothamist.com
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How cherry-picking science became the center of the anti-mask movement. (2022, February 14). Gothamist. https://gothamist.com
Tags
- children
- normalcy
- education
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Eric Topol. (2022, January 18). It seems the people who write the vaccines w/ a booster aren’t working against Omicron are completely out of touch with the data I’d consider ~90% effectiveness vs hospitalization pretty, pretty damn good https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1046853/technical-briefing-34-14-january-2022.pdf Especially compared with 44% without a booster https://t.co/y8ixbmG8uH [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1483543711623512065
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www.cbc.ca www.cbc.ca
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News ·, A. M. · C. (2022, January 15). Canadian COVID-19 vaccine study seized on by anti-vaxxers—Highlighting dangers of early research in pandemic | CBC News. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/covid-19-vaccine-study-omicron-anti-vaxxers-1.6315890
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Mahase, E. (2022). Covid-19: What do we know about omicron sublineages? BMJ, 376, o358. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o358
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Prof. Gavin Yamey MD MPH. (2022, January 21). His vax disinformation is at 34.55 in the video His full comments: “But people do not trust this vaccine. It’s not been through the normal trials, it’s a technology that’s not been proven as safe & effective, & now the data is coming in on the vaccine that’s showing that..” 1/3 [Tweet]. @GYamey. https://twitter.com/GYamey/status/1484668215825469445
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Barnes, O., & Alabi, L. O. (2022, January 27). UK coronavirus cases tick up 10%, symptom tracker app shows. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/f9833324-7986-48c4-a96c-153049ed9b5a
Tags
- Denmark
- children
- subvariant
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- England
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Salali, G. D., Uysal, M. S., Bozyel, G., Akpınar, E., & Aksu, A. (2022). Does social influence affect COVID-19 vaccination intention among the unvaccinated? PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5qc3z
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Vanshylla, K., Tober-Lau, P., Gruell, H., Muenn, F., Eggeling, R., Pfeifer, N., Le, N. H., Landgraf, I., Kurth, F., Sander, L. E., & Klein, F. (2022). Durability of Omicron-neutralizing serum activity following mRNA booster immunization in elderly individuals (p. 2022.02.02.22270302). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.02.22270302
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Eric Topol. (2022, January 28). New and noteworthy data for vaccine effectiveness vs hospitalization, posted @CDCgov https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#covidnet-hospitalizations-vaccination For age 65+, last week December, per 100,000 people Unvaccinated 239.7 2-dose vaccinated 26.8 3-dose (booster vaccinated) 4.8 That’s 98% reduction, 3-dose vs unvaccinated https://t.co/sSh8LPhAdm [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1486920474797826051
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- Jan 2022
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci. (2022, January 28). We’ve had at least 4 months of European governments tailoring policy to hospital capacity, not cases per se—So why are we still seeing arguments against the effectiveness of those policies based solely on cases, and not the actual target function? @AllysonPollock [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1487038050899222528
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www.statnews.com www.statnews.com
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Early data indicate vaccines still protect against Omicron’s sister variant, BA.2. (2022, January 28). STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2022/01/28/early-data-indicate-vaccines-still-protect-against-omicrons-sister-variant-ba-2/
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Taylor, L. (2022). Covid-19: CoronaVac immunity is strongest after boosting with a different vaccine. BMJ, 376, o210. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o210
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www.biorxiv.org www.biorxiv.org
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Hirose, R., Itoh, Y., Ikegaya, H., Miyazaki, H., Watanabe, N., Yoshida, T., Bandou, R., Daidoji, T., & Nakaya, T. (2022). Differences in environmental stability among SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: Omicron has higher stability [Preprint]. Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.18.476607
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Tom Peacock. (2022, January 19). As its been getting increasing attention recently, I’m going to write a short thread on what we currently know about BA.2. -What is BA.2? -What is BA.2 doing currently? -Should we be concerned about it? [Tweet]. @PeacockFlu. https://twitter.com/PeacockFlu/status/1483768659420094464
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medicalxpress.com medicalxpress.com
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Tong-Hyung, K. (n.d.). South Korea gets first supply of Pfizer’s COVID-19 pills. Retrieved January 20, 2022, from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-01-south-korea-pfizer-covid-pills.html
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jamanetwork.com jamanetwork.com
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Levy, M., Recher, M., Hubert, H., Javouhey, E., Fléchelles, O., Leteurtre, S., & Angoulvant, F. (2022). Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children by COVID-19 Vaccination Status of Adolescents in France. JAMA, 327(3), 281–283. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.23262
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Jennifer Cohn ✍🏻 📢. (2022, January 11). This chart says it all. If u got double vaccinated early on & are not yet boosted, ur effectively unvaccinated against Omicron infection. Thus, many adults & teens are effectively unvaccinated against infection. Kids got vaccinated recently & thus may be in a safer position. 1/ [Tweet]. @jennycohn1. https://twitter.com/jennycohn1/status/1481034404260581377
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Home
Zuo, F., Abolhassani, H., Du, L., Piralla, A., Bertoglio, F., Campos-Mata, L. de, Wan, H., Schubert, M., Wang, Y., Sun, R., Cassaniti, I., Vlachiotis, S., Kumagai-Braesch, M., Andréll, J., Zhang, Z., Xue, Y., Wenzel, E. V., Calzolai, L., Varani, L., … Pan-Hammarström, Q. (2022). Heterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA booster elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (p. 2022.01.04.22268755). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.04.22268755
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www.nejm.org www.nejm.org
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Olson, S. M., Newhams, M. M., Halasa, N. B., Price, A. M., Boom, J. A., Sahni, L. C., Pannaraj, P. S., Irby, K., Walker, T. C., Schwartz, S. P., Maddux, A. B., Mack, E. H., Bradford, T. T., Schuster, J. E., Nofziger, R. A., Cameron, M. A., Chiotos, K., Cullimore, M. L., Gertz, S. J., … Randolph, A. G. (2022). Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Critical Covid-19 in Adolescents. New England Journal of Medicine, 0(0), null. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2117995
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leger360.com leger360.com
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The Spread of the Omicron Variant and Vaccine Effectiveness—January 11, 2022. (2022, January 11). Leger. https://leger360.com/surveys/legers-north-american-tracker-january-11-2022/
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www.imperial.ac.uk www.imperial.ac.uk
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Omicron largely evades immunity from past infection or two vaccine doses | Imperial News | Imperial College London. (n.d.). Imperial News. Retrieved January 12, 2022, from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/232698/omicron-largely-evades-immunity-from-past/
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Tseng, H. F., Ackerson, B. K., Luo, Y., Sy, L. S., Talarico, C., Tian, Y., Bruxvoort, K., Tupert, J. E., Florea, A., Ku, J. H., Lee, G. S., Choi, S. K., Takhar, H. S., Aragones, M., & Qian, L. (2022). Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 omicron and delta variants (p. 2022.01.07.22268919). https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.07.22268919
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Carreño, J. M., Alshammary, H., Tcheou, J., Singh, G., Raskin, A., Kawabata, H., Sominsky, L., Clark, J., Adelsberg, D. C., Bielak, D., Gonzalez-Reiche, A. S., Dambrauskas, N., Vigdorovich, V., Group, P. S., Srivastava, K., Sather, D. N., Sordillo, E. M., Bajic, G., van Bakel, H., … Krammer, F. (2021). Activity of convalescent and vaccine serum against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03846-z
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Davis, N., & correspondent, N. D. S. (2021, December 31). What do we know about the Omicron Covid variant so far? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/31/what-do-we-know-about-the-omicron-covid-variant-so-far
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- Dec 2021
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Eric Topol. (2021, October 19). Just published @ScienceTM With blunting of the immune response, why it is so important for pregnant women to get a Covid vaccine https://science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abm2070 w/ @ScienceVisuals https://t.co/aCY6LP4Taa [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1450475410328850435
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Meaghan Kall. (2021, November 15). There are 2 other impressive conclusions from this study: 1. Comparing vaccine effectiveness of booster vs “fully vaxxed” as the baseline. Booster ADDS 81-85% protection against symptomatic infection ON TOP of what you already had from your primary (2-dose) vaccination https://t.co/5EO7m6GHTZ [Tweet]. @kallmemeg. https://twitter.com/kallmemeg/status/1460207567070769156
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Prof. Dr. Sanjeev Bagai. (2021, November 23). Comprehensive dossier evidence of effectiveness of third dose Vax. @TVMohandasPai @ARanganathan72 @TimesNow @RShivshankar [Tweet]. @BagaiDr. https://twitter.com/BagaiDr/status/1463121434830512129
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Eric Topol. (2021, October 27). 'The benefit of a third [booster] dose in reducing transmission is sizeable and increases with vaccine coverage and contact rates among individuals." https://medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.25.21265500v1 by @billygardner and @DiseaseEcology https://t.co/zAZcJgF1nJ [Tweet]. @EricTopol. https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1453153076165021696
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Abraar Karan. (2021, December 9). “Participants who received a booster at least 5 months after a second dose of BNT162b2 had 90% lower mortality due to Covid-19 than participants who did not receive a booster.” #covid19 https://t.co/zmXHyE7Lqb [Tweet]. @AbraarKaran. https://twitter.com/AbraarKaran/status/1468849516199563265
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Dr Duncan Robertson. (2021, December 14). This is an important point that needs to get out there. It takes time for the booster to work. People will not have invincibility straight after receiving their booster, and should still be cautious. [Tweet]. @Dr_D_Robertson. https://twitter.com/Dr_D_Robertson/status/1470795837525663749
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www.imperial.ac.uk www.imperial.ac.uk
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Omicron largely evades immunity from past infection or two vaccine doses | Imperial News | Imperial College London. (n.d.). Imperial News. Retrieved December 21, 2021, from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/232698/modelling-suggests-rapid-spread-omicron-england/
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Richterman, A., Scott, J., & Cevik, M. (2021). Covid-19 vaccines, immunity, and boosters. BMJ, 375, n3105. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n3105
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Reuters. (2021, December 20). Moderna says booster produces strong antibody response to Omicron. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/20/moderna-booster-strong-antibody-response-omicron-covid-vaccine-variant
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www.abc.net.au www.abc.net.au
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An Omicron cluster in diplomats and an outbreak at a Steps concert: The variant’s timeline is shifting. (2021, December 5). ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-06/omicron-netherlands-origins-and-strategy-to-control-it/100668682
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Jørgensen, F. J., & Petersen, M. B. (2021). Considerations Underlying Parents’ Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines for Their Child: Evidence from Denmark. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8e49j
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www.pnas.org www.pnas.org
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Bagheri, G., Thiede, B., Hejazi, B., Schlenczek, O., & Bodenschatz, E. (2021). An upper bound on one-to-one exposure to infectious human respiratory particles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(49). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2110117118
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www.bbc.co.uk www.bbc.co.uk
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New Covid variant: How worried should we be? (2021, November 25). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-59418127
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www.ft.com www.ft.com
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News updates from October 25: WHO calls emergency meeting on new Covid variant, German confidence dives, UK migration drops. (2021, November 25). Financial Times.
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Davies, R., & Sweney, M. (2021, November 26). FTSE 100 hit by biggest fall since June 2020 amid new variant fears. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/nov/26/travel-and-aviation-shares-tumble-over-new-covid-variant-fears
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Devlin, H., & Kollewe, J. (2021, November 26). BioNTech says it could tweak Covid vaccine in 100 days if needed. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/nov/26/biontech-says-it-could-tweak-covid-vaccine-in-100-days-if-needed
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- clinical trials
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theguardian.com/society/2021/nov/26/biontech-says-it-could-tweak-covid-vaccine-in-100-days-if-needed -
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Talic, S., Shah, S., Wild, H., Gasevic, D., Maharaj, A., Ademi, Z., Li, X., Xu, W., Mesa-Eguiagaray, I., Rostron, J., Theodoratou, E., Zhang, X., Motee, A., Liew, D., & Ilic, D. (2021). Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 375, e068302. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-068302
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Thiruvengadam, R., Awasthi, A., Medigeshi, G., Bhattacharya, S., Mani, S., Sivasubbu, S., Shrivastava, T., Samal, S., Rathna Murugesan, D., Koundinya Desiraju, B., Kshetrapal, P., Pandey, R., Scaria, V., Kumar Malik, P., Taneja, J., Binayke, A., Vohra, T., Zaheer, A., Rathore, D., … Garg, P. K. (2021). Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the delta (B.1.617.2) variant surge in India: A test-negative, case-control study and a mechanistic study of post-vaccination immune responses. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, S1473309921006800. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00680-0
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- Nov 2021
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Gozzi, N., Chinazzi, M., Davis, J. T., Mu, K., Piontti, A. P. y, Ajelli, M., Perra, N., & Vespignani, A. (2021). Anatomy of the first six months of COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign in Italy (p. 2021.11.24.21266820). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.24.21266820
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Wheatley, A. K., & Juno, J. A. (2021). COVID-19 vaccines in the age of the delta variant. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00688-5
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Thiruvengadam, R., Awasthi, A., Medigeshi, G., Bhattacharya, S., Mani, S., Sivasubbu, S., Shrivastava, T., Samal, S., Murugesan, D. R., Desiraju, B. K., Kshetrapal, P., Pandey, R., Scaria, V., Malik, P. K., Taneja, J., Binayke, A., Vohra, T., Zaheer, A., Rathore, D., … Garg, P. K. (2021). Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the delta (B.1.617.2) variant surge in India: A test-negative, case-control study and a mechanistic study of post-vaccination immune responses. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00680-0
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Seth Trueger. (2021, July 21). If seatbelts work so well why do we have airbags crumple zones speed limits licensing road signs traffic lights road safety engineering ambulances EMTs trauma centers brakes https://t.co/6x29wCOlwp [Tweet]. @MDaware. https://twitter.com/MDaware/status/1417680529160294401
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Chise 🧬🧫🦠💉🔜 MFF. (2021, November 21). If you’re wondering what difference a booster makes. Https://t.co/858ZpST7Kh [Tweet]. @sailorrooscout. https://twitter.com/sailorrooscout/status/1462441020948459525
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Paul Mainwood. (2021, November 18). Holy guacamole. Https://t.co/mIcWJMHdHJ [Tweet]. @PaulMainwood. https://twitter.com/PaulMainwood/status/1461337249950404625
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Gregory, A., & editor, A. G. H. (2021, November 18). Mask-wearing cuts Covid incidence by 53%, says global study. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/17/wearing-masks-single-most-effective-way-to-tackle-covid-study-finds
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Scott, Jake, Aaron Richterman, and Muge Cevik. ‘Covid-19 Vaccination: Evidence of Waning Immunity Is Overstated’. BMJ 374 (23 September 2021): n2320. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2320.
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www.nejm.org www.nejm.org
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Walter, E. B., Talaat, K. R., Sabharwal, C., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Paulsen, G. C., Barnett, E. D., Muñoz, F. M., Maldonado, Y., Pahud, B. A., Domachowske, J. B., Simões, E. A. F., Sarwar, U. N., Kitchin, N., Cunliffe, L., Rojo, P., Kuchar, E., Rämet, M., Munjal, I., … Gruber, W. C. (2021). Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age. New England Journal of Medicine, NEJMoa2116298. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2116298
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Santora, M., & Minder, R. (2021, October 1). In Portugal, There Is Virtually No One Left to Vaccinate. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/01/world/europe/portugal-vaccination-rate.html
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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This year, a United Nations regulation on vehicle cybersecurity came into force, obligating manufacturers to perform various risk assessments and report on intrusion attempts to certify cybersecurity readiness. The regulation will take effect for all vehicles sold in Europe from July 2024 and in Japan and South Korea in 2022.
Global regulations for automotive cybersecurity being to emerge.
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Major software and hardware suppliers to the world’s manufacturers build in firewalls to ensure that such elements as infotainment systems are prevented from passing code to systems that regulate speed, steering and other critical functions.Vehicle electronic control units are being designed to send an alert if one system that normally never communicates with another suddenly tries to do so. And they’re also locked down, so that an attempt to inject new code will be thwarted.
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Cybersecurity companies must protect a vehicle in multiple ways. Threats include SIM cards carrying malicious code, faked over-the-air software updates, code sent from a smartphone to the vehicle, and vehicle sensors and cameras being tricked with wrong information.
Multi-factor safety demands.
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The challenge may be even greater than securing the world’s airlines. According to a McKinsey & Company report on automotive cybersecurity, modern vehicles employ around 150 electronic control units and about 100 million lines of code; by 2030, with the advent of autonomous driving features and so-called vehicle-to-vehicle communication, the number of lines of code may triple.
It will be difficult to ensure cybersecurity.
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acpinternist.org acpinternist.org
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Frost, M. (n.d.). Busting COVID-19 vaccination myths. Retrieved November 2, 2021, from https://acpinternist.org/archives/2021/11/busting-covid-19-vaccination-myths.htm
Tags
- FDA
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- Oct 2021
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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Kennedy-Shaffer, L., Kahn, R., & Lipsitch, M. (2021). Estimating Vaccine Efficacy Against Transmission via Effect on Viral Load. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 32(6), 820–828. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001415
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Gil Feldman. (2021, October 26). @EricTopol Updated data from Israel. The booster works, without any doubt! Red (empty battery): Un-vax Light green (half battery): 2nd dose without the booster Green (full battery): With the booster https://t.co/HbZBvDMQs6 [Tweet]. @feldman_gil. https://twitter.com/feldman_gil/status/1452845319251767299
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valneva.com valneva.com
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Valneva Reports Positive Phase 3 Results for Inactivated, Adjuvanted COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate VLA2001 – Valneva. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2021, from https://valneva.com/press-release/valneva-reports-positive-phase-3-results-for-inactivated-adjuvanted-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-vla2001/
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www.cdc.gov www.cdc.gov
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Olson, S. M. (2021). Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccination Against COVID-19 Hospitalization Among Persons Aged 12–18 Years—United States, June–September 2021. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7042e1
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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Andreano, E., Paciello, I., Piccini, G., Manganaro, N., Pileri, P., Hyseni, I., Leonardi, M., Pantano, E., Abbiento, V., Benincasa, L., Giglioli, G., De Santi, C., Fabbiani, M., Rancan, I., Tumbarello, M., Montagnani, F., Sala, C., Montomoli, E., & Rappuoli, R. (2021). Hybrid immunity improves B cells and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04117-7
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Tartof, S. Y., Slezak, J. M., Fischer, H., Hong, V., Ackerson, B. K., Ranasinghe, O. N., Frankland, T. B., Ogun, O. A., Zamparo, J. M., Gray, S., Valluri, S. R., Pan, K., Angulo, F. J., Jodar, L., & McLaughlin, J. M. (2021). Effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine up to 6 months in a large integrated health system in the USA: A retrospective cohort study. The Lancet, 398(10309), 1407–1416. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02183-8
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Nordström, P., Ballin, M., & Nordström, A. (2021). Effectiveness of heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and mRNA prime-boost vaccination against symptomatic Covid-19 infection in Sweden: A nationwide cohort study. The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100249
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www.medrxiv.org www.medrxiv.org
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Hulme, W. J., Williamson, E. J., Green, A., Bhaskaran, K., McDonald, H. I., Rentsch, C. T., Schultze, A., Tazare, J., Curtis, H. J., Walker, A. J., Tomlinson, L., Palmer, T., Horne, E., MacKenna, B., Morton, C. E., Mehrkar, A., Fisher, L., Bacon, S., Evans, D., … Goldacre, B. (2021). Comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines in Health and Social Care workers in England: A cohort study using OpenSAFELY [Preprint]. Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.13.21264937
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Pfizer Covid jab ‘90% effective against hospitalisation for at least 6 months’ | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/05/pfizer-covid-jab-90-effective-against-hospitalisation-for-at-least-6-months?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Tappin, B. M. (2021). Exposure to Arguments and Evidence Changes Partisan Attitudes Even in the Face of Countervailing Leader Cues. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/247bs
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Pfizer Covid jab ‘90% effective against hospitalisation for at least 6 months’ | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/05/pfizer-covid-jab-90-effective-against-hospitalisation-for-at-least-6-months
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papers.ssrn.com papers.ssrn.com
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Tran, V.-T., Perrodeau, E., Saldanha, J., Pane, I., & Ravaud, P. (2021). Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccination on the Symptoms of Patients With Long COVID: A Target Trial Emulation Using Data From the ComPaRe e-Cohort in France (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3932953). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3932953
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Anthes, E. (2021, May 5). Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine is Highly Effective Against Variants, Studies Find. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/05/health/coronavirus-pfizer-vaccine-variants.html
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www.thelancet.com www.thelancet.com
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Hall, V. J., Foulkes, S., Saei, A., Andrews, N., Oguti, B., Charlett, A., Wellington, E., Stowe, J., Gillson, N., Atti, A., Islam, J., Karagiannis, I., Munro, K., Khawam, J., Chand, M. A., Brown, C. S., Ramsay, M., Lopez-Bernal, J., Hopkins, S., … Heeney, J. L. (2021). COVID-19 vaccine coverage in health-care workers in England and effectiveness of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against infection (SIREN): A prospective, multicentre, cohort study. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00790-X
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www.lrb.co.uk www.lrb.co.uk
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Beale, R. (2021, February 19). Eeek! London Review of Books, 43(05). https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v43/n05/rupert-beale/eeek
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www.fda.gov www.fda.gov
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Commissioner, O. of the. (2020, December 14). FDA Takes Key Action in Fight Against COVID-19 By Issuing Emergency Use Authorization for First COVID-19 Vaccine. FDA; FDA. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-takes-key-action-fight-against-covid-19-issuing-emergency-use-authorization-first-covid-19
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- is:news
- administration
- COVID-19
- authorization
- USA
- vaccine
- effectiveness
- manufacturing
- scientist
- emergency
- lang:en
- safety
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- Apr 2021
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patterns.sociocracy30.org patterns.sociocracy30.org
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The Principle of Effectiveness: Devote time only to what brings you closer towards achieving your organization’s overall objectives, so that you can make the best use of your limited time, energy and resources.
Yes, and reduce WIP and get to done quick!
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www.sciencemediacentre.org www.sciencemediacentre.org
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‘Expert Reaction to Non-Peer Reviewed Modelling Presented on a Dashboard Suggesting That “a Herd Immunity Threshold (of 73.4%) Will Be Reached This Week on 9 April 2021” | Science Media Centre’. Accessed 12 April 2021. https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-non-peer-reviewed-modelling-presented-on-a-dashboard-suggesting-that-a-herd-immunity-threshold-of-73-4-will-be-reached-this-week-on-9-april-2021/.
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- disease
- variants
- COVID-19
- immunization
- herd immunity
- vaccine
- R value
- is:article
- immunity
- effectiveness
- lang:en
- infection
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