In the training run for Astra, we observed only 14 cases of difficulty ending summaries, and no jailbreak-style instructions in the summary using our general monitor.
【数据】在Astra的实际训练运行中，只观察到14个摘要结束困难的案例，且没有检测到越狱式指令。这一对比数据表明，通过修复相关bug和改进监控，研究团队成功减轻了这一问题。
The company found them at Princeton University, where it set about amplifying their work by donating $15 million to start the Carbon Mitigation Initiative. T
Agents address the problem from independent angles, other agents try to refute what they found, and the run keeps iterating until the answers converge—which is how a workflow reaches results a single pass can't.
Convergence through adversarial iteration is borrowed from ensemble methods and scientific peer review — but applied to code. The non-obvious implication: this architecture is more robust to the hallucination problem than single-pass generation, because refuting agents are specifically incentivized to find failures. It's a form of AI quality control built into the workflow itself.
And given the consequences of not finding a solution could be huge, I think we need to diversify and have these kinds of investments. If you saw a significant increase in the interest in the project among the most capable people
Bengio强调需要多元化投资AI安全研究，因为未找到解决方案的后果可能是灾难性的，这反映了AI安全研究的紧迫性和需要分散风险的战略思维。
Am 9. April 2025 einigten sich Union und SPD auf einen Koalitionsvertrag, der am Klimaziel 2045 und dem Kohleausstieg 2038 festhält. Sie planen 20 Gigawatt neue Gaskraftwerke und setzen auf riskante CO<sub>2</sub>-Minderungen in Partnerländern sowie unerprobte CO<sub>2</sub>-Speichertechnologien. Ein Klimageld ist nicht vorgesehen, stattdessen sollen Einnahmen aus der CO<sub>2</sub>-Bepreisung zurückgegeben werden.
[Zusammenfassung mit Mistral generiert] https://taz.de/Koalitionsvertrag-von-Union-und-SPD/!6081312/
for - climate crisis - salps - ocean climate mitigation
That wildfire mitigation work now makes up about 11% of the average bill for an Edison customer, according to the commission’s public advocates office.
Holy shit!
How much of the average bill is paying for covering past fire payouts?
Behavioral change is a key mitigation strategy since demand-side options have a high mitigation potential7. Yet, it has only recently started being discussed in the literature, compared to traditionally studied supply-side solutions.
for - key insight - behavioral change is a key demand-side mitigation strategy yet has only been recently discussed - supply side solutions have been the main focus - Pizziol & Tavoni, 2024
you know play tones you feel the buzz and uh and after eight weeks it's driven the tenus down it it's not a cure people don't H have a lack of tenus but it's clinically very significant
for - tinnitus - mitigation via the Clarify - sensory substitution - vibrate at the same time as the sound - to decrease amplitude of tinnitus - Neosensory - David Eagleman
Die Fossilindustrie finanziert seit Jahrzehten Universitäten und fördert damit Publikationen in ihrem Interesse, z.B. zu false solutions wie #CCS. Hintergrundbericht anlässlich einer neuen Studie: https://www.theguardian.com/business/article/2024/sep/05/universities-fossil-fuel-funding-green-energy
Studie: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.904
you can take a lot more than you are and have a lot more information
for - adjacency - open source - Stop Reset Go complexity mapping - objective - Nora Bateson comment on more information - diversity - Indyweb/Indranet - progress trap mitigation
adjacency - between - Nora Bateson comment - Stop Reset Go complexity mapping<br /> - open source - progress trap mitigation - Indyweb/Indranet
they must either exer-cise centralised control over which nodes are allowed to jointhe network
Not necessarily. PoS can be used to invite, sharing with invited member the invitee's stake. Thus it does not affect consensus.
As stake determines weight on consensus.
And as stake may determine how often peers choose to sync to that node. Thus limiting harm done on the communication level by low-stake Sybils.
“A second Trump term is game over for the climate — really!”
for - quote - Michael Mann - quote - a Second Trump presidency - polycrisis - politics and climate crisis - climate mitigation strategy - voting in 2024 U.S. election - adjacency - Michael Mann - 2nd Trump presidency - exceeding planetary boundaries - exceeding 1.5 Deg C - Gen Z voting
adjacency - between - Michael Mann - 2nd Trump presidency - exceeding planetary boundaries - exceeding 1.5 Deg C - Trump's presidency is existential threat to humanity - Gen Z voting - 2024 election - adjacency statement - Michael Mann's quote " A second Trump term is game over for the climate - really" applies to the 2024 election if Trump becomes the Republican nominee. - Trumps dismal environmental record in his 2016 to 2020 term speaks for itself. He would do something similiar in 2025 if he were the president. G - Given there are only 5 years and 172 days before we hit the dangerous threshold of burning through all the carbon budget for humanity, - https://climateclock.world/ - It is questionable whether Biden's government alone can do enough, but certainly if Trump won the 2024 election, his term in office would create a regression severe enough to put the Paris Climate goal of staying within 1.5 Deg C out of reach, and risk triggering major planetary tipping points - A Biden government is evidence-based and believes in anthropogenic climate change and is already taking measures to mitigate it. A Trump government is not evidence-based and is supported by incumbent fossil fuel industry so does not have the interest of the U.S. population nor all of humanity at heart. - Hence, the 2024 U.S. election can really determine the fate of humanity. - Gen Z can play a critical role for humanity by voting against a government that would, in leading climate scientists Michael Mann's words, be game over for a stable climate, and therefore put humanity and unimaginable risk. - Gen Z can swing the vote to a government willing to deal with the climate crisis over one in climate denial so voting activists need to be alerted to this and create the right messaging to reach Gen Z - https://hyp.is/LOud7sBBEe6S0D8itLHw1A/circle.tufts.edu/latest-research/41-million-members-gen-z-will-be-eligible-vote-2024
All stakeholders in the world must now act according to the agreed Cop28 output, and deliver on the CopP28 Global Stocktake Agreement, which means rapidly transitioning away from oil, coal and gas, aiming at more than 40% reductions by 2030
for: climate mitigation, stats - 40% reduction by 2030, quote - Johan Rockstrom, quote - fossil fuel phase out
quote: Johan Rockstrom
Nach einer Serie von Katastrophen wehrt sich der neuseeländische Umweltminister James Shaw dagegen, Klimaanpassung gegen Klimaschutz auszuspielen. Er fordert die Stärkung von Communities und den Schutz der wirtschaftlich Schwächsten und damit Verwundbarsten.
Klein, B., Generous, N., Chinazzi, M., Bhadricha, Z., Gunashekar, R., Kori, P., Li, B., McCabe, S., Green, J., Lazer, D., Marsicano, C. R., Scarpino, S. V., & Vespignani, A. (2021). Higher education responses to COVID-19 in the United States: Evidence for the impacts of university policy (p. 2021.10.07.21264419). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.07.21264419
ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 15). RT @CaulfieldTim: Check out the #OpenWHO course “#Infodemic Management 101” https://openwho.org/courses/infodemic-management-101 via @WHO @TDPurnat cc @ScienceUpFirst @… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1471132916445061130
What is so maddening is that there are alternatives. There is an abundance of theory and arguments that could lead the way. The latest IPCC report had an entire section that doesn’t propose technofixes but instead explores how energy demand could be managed to ensure that everyone has enough to thrive while ensuring the biosphere doesn’t die.
IPCC AR6 WG III chapter 5: Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation https://hyp.is/go?url=https%3A%2F%2Freport.ipcc.ch%2Far6wg3%2Fpdf%2FIPCC_AR6_WGIII_FinalDraft_Chapter05.pdf&group=world
Chapter 5: Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation
Public Annotation of IPCC Report AR6 Climate Change 2022 Mitigation of Climate Change WGIII Chapter 5: Demand, Services and Social Aspects of Mitigation
NOTE: Permission given by one of the lead authors, Felix Creutzig to annotate with caveat that there may be minor changes in the final version.
This annotation explores the potential of mass mobilization of citizens and the commons to effect dramatic demand side reductions. It leverages the potential agency of the public to play a critical role in rapid decarbonization.
the inter-connectedness of the crises we face climate pollution biodiversity and 00:07:54 inequality require our change require a change in our exploitative relationship to our planet to a more holistic and caring one but that can only happen with a change in our behavior
As per IPCC AR6 WGIII, Chapter 5 outlining for the first time, the enormous mitigation potential of social aspects of mitigation - such as behavioral change - can add up to 40 percent of mitigation. And also harkening back to Donella Meadows' leverage points that point out shifts in worldviews, paradigms and value systems are the most powerful leverage points in system change.
Stop Reset Go advocates humanity builds an open source, open access praxis for Deep Humanity, understand the depths of what it means to be a living and dying human being in the context of an entwined culture. Sharing best practices and constantly crowdsourcing the universal and salient aspects of our common humanity can help rapidly transform the inner space of each human INTERbeing, which can powerfully influence outer (social) transformation.
The hyper-response aims to deflate or attack the hyperthreat by operating at the microlevel through “mesh-interventions” as well as at the macrolevel through realignment of great nation states and tribes.
In IPCC AR6 WGIII Parlence, middle actors can mediate a community scale change, which becomes a force multiplier for individual change. Supercharging individual change is what can lead to significant scale of impact through many and many types of mesh interventions. The scale of such mesh interventions will have a "trickle up" effect to affect and accelerate the actions of top down actors.
This would be truly empowering as the current agency of the individual at the grassroots level is ineffectual.
Stop Reset Go (SRG) s a simple but powerful meme that is designed to be used by anyone to effect transition. When we recognize that something is harmful and needs to change, SRG can be invoked as a simple rule for transition. The colors of the traffic light are used as a mnemonic aid. If there is a problem with a human process, then STOP. think of an alternative way of achieving the same goal that does not bring about the harm (RESET). When the alternative has been trialed, tested and proven to work without causing more progress traps, then find a way to scale and implement the solution (GO).
SRG therefore becomes a simple mesh intervention that can be applied at all scales and dimensions. Its iterative and recursive use can be tracked in the Indyweb and interventions can be modeled by AI assistants that can analyze for potential unintended consequences through connections outside the focus area of the designer, and not normally explored by the designers. This augers a truly circular design methodology of the lowest potential impact.
“low-hanging fruit”
IPCC AR6 WGIII Chapter 5: demand, services and social aspects of mitigation identifies that up to 45% of mitigation can result from a demand-side socialization strategy and collective action mobilization. This gives us tremendous power of impact to mobilize people. The low hanging fruit can be identified by comprehensive, ongoing, deep, global conversations with the greatest diversity of actors with a common vision collectively searching for the social tipping points, leverage points and idling resources and scaling massively thru the Indyweb as a cosmolocal network (what's light we share, what's heavy we produce locally).
Climate scientist and realist Professor Kevin Anderson has argued for many years that demand side changes are the only solutions that can be implemented rapidly enough to peak emissions and drop emissions rapidly in the short term (next few years), buying time for reneewable energy solutions to scale globally.
An analysis of “friendly forces” via a “tribal discourse” activity found that although many of humanity’s smaller and less powerful tribes are engaged in minor operations against the hyperthreat, its most powerful tribes often abet the hyperthreat (figure 2). If humanity’s tribes could be united against the hyperthreat, the current balance of probabilities, which currently lie with a hyperthreat victory and a Hothouse Earth outcome, could be recast.
This is the key idea behind mobilizing an effective global, multi-stakeholder, bottom-up response. Minor operations implies an aggregate approach that has little impact, otherwise known colloquially as "tinkering at the edge". IPCC AR6, WGIII Chapter 5 articulates this same message and for the first time, outlines that demand side system changes can play a significant role in mitigation effectiveness against the hyperthreat. It must be collectively organized individual change that scales to community scales around the globe in order to have impact, leveraging what the IPCC call "middle actors".
An effective strategy must be very time sensitive to the short time window to peak emissions so must identify all leverage points, idling resources and social tipping points available to a global bottom-up mobilization.
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Subramanian, S. V., & Kumar, A. (2021). Increases in COVID-19 are unrelated to levels of vaccination across 68 countries and 2947 counties in the United States. European Journal of Epidemiology, 36(12), 1237–1240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-021-00808-7
Another Angry Woman. (2022, January 1). A reminder that sometimes “living with it” means taking some mitigations, forever, e.g. How in order to live with cholera we make sure our water doesn’t have shit in it by building infrastructure to make sure our water doesn’t have shit in it. [Tweet]. @stavvers. https://twitter.com/stavvers/status/1477362596097536018
Lee, A., Cheng, K. K., Cruickshank, S., & Greenhalgh, T. (n.d.). “We suppressed our scientific imagination”: Four experts examine the big successes and failures of the COVID response so far. The Conversation. Retrieved March 31, 2022, from http://theconversation.com/we-suppressed-our-scientific-imagination-four-experts-examine-the-big-successes-and-failures-of-the-covid-response-so-far-178705
Kang, T. S., & Goodwin, R. (2022, January 31). Legal restrictions and mitigation strategies amongst a disabled population during COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8daew
Jia, J. S., Yuan, Y., Jia, J., & Christakis, N. (2022, January 30). Risk perception and behaviour change after personal vaccination for COVID-19 in the USA. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/afyv8
Agrawal, M., Peterson, J., Cohen, J. D., & Griffiths, T. (2022). Stress, Intertemporal Choice, and Mitigation Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ureqg
Catherine Finnecy. (2022, February 11). SPI-M-O currently estimates that a combination of behavioural change...and mitigations (e.g. Testing, self-isolation) are currently reducing transmission by 20–45% [Tweet]. @cfinnecy. https://twitter.com/cfinnecy/status/1492213392681181184
Major COVID course correction immediately required. (n.d.). Retrieved February 7, 2022, from https://ozsage.org/media_releases/major-covid-course-correction-immediately-required/
Drury, P. J. (2021, December 31). the crowd: Three forms of Covid leadership. The Crowd. https://drury-sussex-the-crowd.blogspot.com/2021/12/three-forms-of-covid-leadership.html
Jones, C. M., Diethei, D., Schöning, J., Shrestha, R., Jahnel, T., & Schüz, B. (2021). Social reference cues can reduce misinformation sharing behaviour on social media. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v6fc9
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Al-Hasan, A., Khuntia, J., & Yim, D. (2021). Does Seeing What Others Do Through Social Media Influence Vaccine Uptake and Help in the Herd Immunity Through Vaccination? A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 1668. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.715931
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Pagel, C., & Yates, C. A. (2021). Tackling the pandemic with (biased) data. Science, 374(6566), 403–404. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6602
Matt Butler on Twitter: “The public’s verdict on SARS-CoV2, the virus causing Covid-19, and the importance this has in Hospitals. Firstly the majority of frontline staff and public surveyed agree #COVIDisAirborne. Yes echo chamber and all but this is the best I have till a big hitter does similar. /1 https://t.co/Yzg9y4NWSM” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://twitter.com/mjb302/status/1441580000508092416
@lakens: I’m interested to hear which COVID studies by psychologists you think have had a measurable positive effect on the world. E.g.… [Tweet]. https://twitter.com/lakens/status/1427856489990004741?s=20
On Questions of COVID Mitigation Methods, South Dakotans are Sharply Polarized. (n.d.). South Dakota State University. Retrieved 8 October 2021, from https://www.sdstate.edu/news/2021/09/questions-covid-mitigation-methods-south-dakotans-are-sharply-polarized
Call for applicants for 1st WHO training in infodemic management. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2021, from https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/call-for-applicants-for-1st-who-training-in-infodemic-management
However, the cookie containing the CSRF-TOKEN is only used by the client to set the X-XSRF-TOKEN header. So passing a compromised CSRF-TOKEN cookie to the Rails app won't have any negative effect.
In short: storing the token in HttpOnly cookies mitigates XSS being used to get the token, but opens you up to CSRF, while the reverse is true for storing the token in localStorage.
Remember that any Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) can be used to defeat all CSRF mitigation techniques!
Lessler, J., Grabowski, M. K., Grantz, K. H., Badillo-Goicoechea, E., Metcalf, C. J. E., Lupton-Smith, C., Azman, A. S., & Stuart, E. A. (2021). Household COVID-19 risk and in-person schooling. Science, 372(6546), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh2939
the majority of XSS attacks target theft of session cookies. A server could help mitigate this issue by setting the HttpOnly flag on a cookie it creates, indicating the cookie should not be accessible on the client.
The NoScript extension for Firefox mitigates CSRF threats by distinguishing trusted from untrusted sites, and removing authentication & payloads from POST requests sent by untrusted sites to trusted ones. The Application Boundary Enforcer module in NoScript also blocks requests sent from internet pages to local sites (e.g. localhost), preventing CSRF attacks on local services (such as uTorrent) or routers.
How Taiwan triumphed over Covid as the UK faltered. (2021, March 24). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/24/how-taiwan-triumphed-over-covid-as-uk-faltered
Frankham, L., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Bartik, W. J. (2021). Antenatal Depression and the Impact of COVID-19 Mitigation Efforts in Australia. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ahn6x
Sridhar. D. (2020) The best way to keep schools open? Stop coronavirus entering them in the first place. The Guardian. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/aug/24/the-best-way-to-keep-schools-open-stop-coronavirus-entering-them-in-the-first-place
The Independent SAGE Report 18. Retrieved from https://www.independentsage.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Emergency-plan-Oct-2020-FINAL.pdf on 25/10/2020
import './at-rule'; // break cyclical dependency deadlock
That is certainly a good use-case. One thing you can do is to require something other than a user-chosen string as a username, something like an email address, which should be unique. Another thing you could do, and I admit this is not user-friendly at all, to let them sign up with that user name, but send the user an email letting them know that the username is already used. It still indicates a valid username, but adds a lot of overhead to the process of enumeration.
How would you remediate this? One way could be to have the application pad the responses with a random amount of time, throwing off the noticeable difference.
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Kunycky, A., September 16, & 2020. (n.d.). ‘Every drop in the ocean counts.’ Harvard Law Today. Retrieved September 21, 2020, from https://today.law.harvard.edu/every-drop-in-the-ocean-counts/
Gardner, J. M., Willem, L., Wijngaart, W. van der, Kamerlin, S. C. L., Brusselaers, N., & Kasson, P. (2020). Intervention strategies against COVID-19 and their estimated impact on Swedish healthcare capacity. MedRxiv, 2020.04.11.20062133. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.11.20062133
The tricks of using an aeroplane toilet and other ways to reduce your COVID risk while flying. (2020, August 28). https://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2020-08-29/coronavirus-transmission-flights/12593970
COVID-19: Doing It Right. (2020, July 3). Open Mind. https://tamino.wordpress.com/2020/07/03/covid-19-doing-it-right/
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Here’s how to stop the virus from winning. (2020, June 26). Science. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/06/how-to-stop-coronavirus-surges-from-winning-the-war-cvd/
Adam Kucharski on Twitter: “Controlling COVID-19 means reducing interactions between infectious and susceptible people. This can include measures at individual scale (test/trace/isolate), community scale ('local lockdowns’), or national scale (closed borders/traveller quarantines). 1/” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1278700288115986438
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Jarynowski, A., & Płatek, D. (2020). Could Ramadan catalyze or inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spread? Preliminary results [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/725dv
Aiken, E. L., McGough, S. F., Majumder, M. S., Wachtel, G., Nguyen, A. T., Viboud, C., & Santillana, M. (2020). Real-time estimation of disease activity in emerging outbreaks using internet search information. PLOS Computational Biology, 16(8), e1008117. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008117
ReconfigBehSci {@SciBeh} (2020). it's definitely worth considering a broad range of ideas...but does this not run into the same difficulties that plagued "shielding"? Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1297563172723929088
Sherrard-Smith, E., Hogan, A. B., Hamlet, A., Watson, O. J., Whittaker, C., Winskill, P., Ali, F., Mohammad, A. B., Uhomoibhi, P., Maikore, I., Ogbulafor, N., Nikau, J., Kont, M. D., Challenger, J. D., Verity, R., Lambert, B., Cairns, M., Rao, B., Baguelin, M., … Churcher, T. S. (2020). The potential public health consequences of COVID-19 on malaria in Africa. Nature Medicine, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1025-y
Schalkwyk, M. C. I. van, Hird, T. R., Maani, N., Petticrew, M., & Gilmore, A. B. (2020). The perils of preprints. BMJ, 370. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3111. https://t.co/qNPLYCeT99?amp=1
Barnett, M., Buchak, G., & Yannelis, C. (2020). Epidemic Responses Under Uncertainty (Working Paper No. 27289; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27289
Jones, Callum J, Thomas Philippon, and Venky Venkateswaran. ‘Optimal Mitigation Policies in a Pandemic: Social Distancing and Working from Home’. Working Paper. Working Paper Series. National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2020. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26984.
Glover, A., Heathcote, J., Krueger, D., & Ríos-Rull, J.-V. (2020). Health versus Wealth: On the Distributional Effects of Controlling a Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27046; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27046
Atkeson, A., Kopecky, K., & Zha, T. (2020). Estimating and Forecasting Disease Scenarios for COVID-19 with an SIR Model (Working Paper No. 27335; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27335
Briscese, G., Lacetera, N., Macis, M., & Tonin, M. (2020). Compliance with COVID-19 Social-Distancing Measures in Italy: The Role of Expectations and Duration (Working Paper No. 26916; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26916
Irfan, U. (2020, July 10). Why extreme heat is so alarming for the fight against Covid-19. Vox. https://www.vox.com/2020/7/10/21311766/covid-19-coronavirus-heat-wave-hot-texas-arizona
Fonseca, S. C., Rivas, I., Romaguera, D., Quijal-Zamorano, M., Czarlewski, W., Vidal, A., Fonseca, J. A., Ballester, J., Anto, J. M., Basagana, X., Cunha, L. M., & Bousquet, J. (2020). Association between consumption of vegetables and COVID-19 mortality at a country level in Europe. MedRxiv, 2020.07.17.20155846. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.17.20155846
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: “last week’s issue radar had little response. So will try out polls. The issue: As countries come out of hard lockdown their advice is becoming more nuanced (potentially applying differently across age groups, health conditions, professions, and parts of the country).... 1/6” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1282252067395043329
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POROS MARITIM DUNIA DAN BENCANA TSUNAMI : PENGEMBANGAN AIR INFLATED STRUCTURE SEBAGAI FASILITAS TANGGAP BENCANA
Notes from reviewer
I choose to review an article from Indonesia and written by Indonesians to show international readers the diversity of science, language, local context as the background of the paper, and the level of science that plays as the basis of the papers. Here I also point out that reviewers should not be influenced by common perspective on the level of science in SE Asia (especially Indonesia) and then use that measurement to assess the paper, rather, the reviewers should understand the benefits of the paper for local problems. Not all papers were written to solve the world's largest problem.
I will be writing the overview of the comment in English and Indonesian language and write more specific comments in various locations only in Indonesian language.
General comment
This paper is very important to the current situation in Indonesia, which suffering from many and continuous geohazards, hence this paper should be properly exposed in Indonesian media, concerning current tsunami situations.
More testing in various local environments should be conducted to improve the tent's design and how to set it up under eg: soft ground after tsunami.
Specific comments
Methods:
** the author should include the material selection process in the method, because this is the most important bit in this paper. The fact that this was a multi years project should be pointed out in form of citation to the previous documents.
Future development:
**this article should be developed further by including the variability of local condition to the material selection process.
** the authors should also test the material and design with the existing standards for shelters, eg: from UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross).
** to give more information, I suggest the authors to upload the previous documents/reports and all suplementary materials to the OSF (since the OSF allows them to upload multiple files in various formats).
** it would be interesting as well to test out the tent in the field and share the comments from the authorities (eg BNPB or Basarnas).
Closing comment
By publishing this research in Indonesian language, the authors have made their main point to directly contribute to the society instead of only chasing their fame by publishing it in international journal.
Wie können wir die vorhandene Technik stärker zum Klimaschutz nutzen?
North America
North America section of report
In North America, biodiversity offset and compensation programs are well-developed, particularly the US wetland and species compensation programs and Canada’s fish habitat compensation program. In total there are 14 active programs and 5 in development in North America. The region sees a minimum of $1.5-$2.5 billion in compensation payments per annum. This region also hosts the most offset credit banks of any region in the world. The United States has seven active programs and three in development. Payments total $1.5-$2.4 billion annually. Around 700,000 cumulative acres (283,280 hectares) have been restored or protected through US programs. The two largest offsetting programs, wetland and species mitigation, offer three mechanisms for achieving compensation: do it yourself, pay into a fund, or buy a third-party credit. Within this third form of offset credit baking there are 615 active and sold-out banks in the country
size of North America's mitigation market
Last year, the US Department of Agriculture’s Office of Environmental Markets, together with Ecosystem Marketplace publisher Forest Trends and the Environmental Protection Agency, published an online Atlas of Ecosystem Markets, which you can access here. 8. The Jobs are Robot-Proof Environmental regulations didn’t kill coal; natural gas and renewables did. Regulations didn’t stifle the western oil boom, either; that was low energy prices. Even if Trump & Co do prop the coal sector, jobs won’t go to people; they’ll go to machines, which took most of the jobs America lost in the last decade. BenDor’s research shows restoration jobs are evenly divided between white-collar planners, designers, and engineers and the green-collar guys doing the actual earth moving and site construction. Almost all involve time in the great outdoors, and they can’t be exported or done by robots. 9. The Jobs are Cost-Effective Because restoration work is labor-intensive, the money goes to people instead of machines, and every $1 million invested generates 33 jobs on average. Every $1 million invested in oil, on the other hand, generates 5.2 jobs per $1 million invested. In coal, the figure is 6.9 jobs. 10. It Doesn’t Stifle Business Some industry groups claim the Endangered Species Act blocks development, but researchers reviewed 88,000 consultations between 2008 and 2015 and found that no projects had been stopped or even changed in a major way to protect habitat. Even proponents of the system concede, however, that the permitting process is slow and tedious. 11. It Can Be Improved While the FWS administers credits for mitigation of endangered species, the Army Corps of Engineers approves mitigation credits for streams and wetlands, and they’re notoriously underfunded. This leads to long and costly delays, according to unpublished research that BenDor conducted with Daniel Spethmann of Working Lands Investment Partners and David Urban of Ecosystem Investment Partners. Delays are so costly, they argue, that companies in the restoration sector might be better off paying 50-fold higher permitting prices that would give the agencies the staff needed to properly process permits, akin to expedited building permits, rather than paying banks the interest on loans for land where environmental improvements are being held up. ← Ecosystem Marketplace Home Page
EnviroAtlas
In 2008, EPA and the Corps issued revised regulations governing compensatory mitigation.12 These regulations established equivalent and effective standards for all three compensatory mitigation mechanisms: mitigation banks, in-lieu fee mitigation, and permittee-responsible mitigation. Since mitigation banking is the most reliable form of compensatory mitigation, these regulations establish a preference for the use of banks when appropriate credits are available.
See above note
The government might well impose martial law as it sought to control the situation, hunt for the perpetrators, and find any additional weapons or nuclear materials they might have
Primary focus should be on mitigation of effects
Since the operators of part 15 devices are required to cease operation should harmful interference occur to authorized users of the radio frequency spectrum,
Mention of the operator's duty to prevent interference.
Language is usually "operator", occasionally "owner or operator"
verify that new software can be legally loaded into a device to meet these requirements
And this is the required means, that the router vendors prevent loading of software that does not meet the desired ends. Previous documents instead specified that DD-WRT not be loaded.
The FCC document is no longer available: please see http://web.archive.org/web/20150803065407/https://apps.fcc.gov/kdb/GetAttachment.html?id=1UiSJRK869RsyQddPi5hpw%3D%3D&desc=594280%20D02%20U-NII%20Device%20Security%20v01r02&tracking_number=39498
It is cited in https://via.hypothes.is/http://www.wired.com/2015/09/hey-fcc-dont-lock-wi-fi-routers/
The instruction manual furnished with the intentional radiator shall contain language in the installation instructions informing the operator and the installer of this responsibility.
Language re mitigation that should be required of router vendors
DFS functionality
IMHO, This is arguably a requirement that should be true for any country.
operating frequencies, output power, modulation types or other radio frequency parameters
Mitigation: IMHO, this section should be split into two, one stating the mission, and one suggesting mitigations in a "not limited to" format.
In particular, I'd welcome mitigations such as
"For devices receiving their geographical location from a network service such as DHCP, the device shall used the specified country as the default location for which to set operating frequencies, output power, modulation types or other radio frequency parameters that are country-specific." and
"For all devices using location information to set RF parameters, the purchaser/operator shall be provided with a way of changing the location to the United States.
"For all devices where the location is not known, the device shall default to a constructed set of RF parameters that will be legal in at least the United States, and preferably in any country.