- Jan 2021
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Local file Local file
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The Brussels Effect https://is.gd/NbbUGl
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- Nov 2020
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diff.substack.com diff.substack.comThe Diff1
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the lifecycle of most companies is that they grow by delivering much more value than they charge for, they raise funds based on their growth, and then they make those investments pay off by capturing more value. In its maturity, a company will capture a greater share of the value it creates.
The deal with pharma, in theory, is that they're given market exclusivity for a limited time to recoup their investment in R&D. With startups, they give us free or subsidized service for a limited time and recoup by exploiting their scale afterwards. Whereas with pharma, their upside is capped, with startups, society's upside is capped.
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- Oct 2020
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pairagraph.com pairagraph.com
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Similarly, technology can help us control the climate, make AI safe, and improve privacy.
regulation needs to surround the technology that will help with these things
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Weisz, E., & Cikara, M. (2020, October 9). Strategic Regulation of Empathy. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2kr46
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Letters. (2020, October 11). Resistance to lockdown rules is not just ‘fatigue’ | Letters. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/11/resistance-to-lockdown-rules-is-not-just-fatigue
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When a dominant firm buys its a nascent challenger, alarm bells are supposed to ring. Yet both American and European regulators found themselves unable to find anything wrong with the takeover.
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www.metamute.org www.metamute.org
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We need to debate what kind of hypermedia suit our vision of society - how we create the interactive products and on-line services we want to use, the kind of computers we like and the software we find most useful. We need to find ways to think socially and politically about the machines we develop. While learning from the can-do attitude of the Californian individualists, we also must recognise that the potentiality of hypermedia can never solely be realised through market forces. We need an economy which can unleash the creative powers of hi-tech artisans. Only then can we fully grasp the Promethean opportunities of hypermedia as humanity moves into the next stage of modernity.
Great ending. These words are as true today as they were 25 years ago.
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www.wesjones.com www.wesjones.com
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But that state of consciousness that permits the growth of liberalism seems to stabilize in the way one would expect at the end of history if it is underwritten by the abundance of a modern free market economy.
Writers spend an awful lot of time focused too carefully on the free market economy, but don't acknowledge a lot of the major benefits of the non-free market parts which are undertaken and executed often by governments and regulatory environments. (Hacker & Pierson, 2016)
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www.profgalloway.com www.profgalloway.com
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“Deliver with Amazon. Be your own boss. Great earnings. Flexible hours. Make more time for whatever drives you.” Amazon has taken a page from Uber and is leveraging the romanticization of entrepreneurship, the need for flexibility, and the decreasing options of non-degreed workers in rural areas. There are already stories depicting breakneck delivery schedules that obviate luxuries such as bathroom breaks. FedEx drivers get paternity leave and (gasp) health insurance.
Again, it's the ability to canibalize at the lowest levels that helps tech companies to out-compete their rivals. Companies should be regulated away from being able to do this, particularly for non-employees.
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www.propublica.org www.propublica.org
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Part of the problem is that most policies look only 12 months into the future, ignoring long-term trends even as insurance availability influences development and drives people’s long-term decision-making.
Another place where markets are failing us. We need better regulation for this sort of behavior.
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Low, Rachel S. T., Nickola Overall, Valerie Chang, and Annette M. E. Henderson. ‘Emotion Regulation and Psychological and Physical Health during a Nationwide COVID-19 Lockdown’, 1 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/pkncy.
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- Sep 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Arbel, R., Khouri, M., Sagi, J., & Cohen, N. (2020). Reappraising Others’ Negative Emotions as a way to Enhance Coping during the COVID-19 Outbreak [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y25gx
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journals.sagepub.com journals.sagepub.com
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Ludwig, V. U., Brown, K. W., & Brewer, J. A. (2020). Self-Regulation Without Force: Can Awareness Leverage Reward to Drive Behavior Change? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1745691620931460. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620931460
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Vaughn, L. A., Garvey, C. A., & Chalachan, R. D. (2020). Need Support and Regulatory Focus in Responding to COVID-19 [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h8tak
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www.spiked-online.com www.spiked-online.com
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Covid-19 is far more widespread than we think. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2020, from https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/19/covid-19-is-far-more-widespread-than-we-think/
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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u/nick_chater (2020) Behavioural Policy Challenge: when does compulsion help? reddit. Retrieved from: https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/hzci8g/behavioural_policy_challenge_when_does_compulsion/
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- Aug 2020
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osf.io osf.io
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Rahvy, A., & Ridlo, I. A. (2020). A Timeline Response: How Does Islamic Organizations Respond to COVID-19 in Indonesia? https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/kzhy9
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Sahi, Razia, Emilia Ninova, and Jennifer A Silvers. ‘With a Little Help From My Friends: Selective Social Potentiation of Emotion Regulation’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 20 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/uc3bm.
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www.newyorker.com www.newyorker.com
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Romeo, N. (n.d.). What Can America Learn from Europe About Regulating Big Tech? The New Yorker. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/what-can-america-learn-from-europe-about-regulating-big-tech
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www.nber.org www.nber.org
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McLaughlin, Patrick A, and Casey B Mulligan. ‘Three Myths about Federal Regulation’. Working Paper. Working Paper Series. National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27233.
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Zhou, Dong, and Amir Bashan. ‘Dependency-Based Targeted Attacks in Interdependent Networks’. Physical Review E 102, no. 2 (3 August 2020): 022301. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.102.022301.
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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Deregulation in a Time of Pandemic: Does Pollution Increase Coronavirus Cases or Deaths?. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13231/
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Rezapour, T., Assari, S., Kirlic, N., Vassileva, J., & Ekhtiari, H. (2020). Enhancing Cognitive Resilience in Adolescence and Young Adults: A Neuroscience-informed Approach [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/enrv9
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- Jul 2020
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., & Wahl, I. (2008). Enforced versus voluntary tax compliance: The “slippery slope” framework. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(2), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2007.05.004
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www.nber.org www.nber.org
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Kargar, M., Lester, B., Lindsay, D., Liu, S., Weill, P.-O., & Zúñiga, D. (2020). Corporate Bond Liquidity During the COVID-19 Crisis (Working Paper No. 27355; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27355
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Tran, J. A. A., Emily Ivey,Rachel Alter,Ingrid Joylyn Paredes,Lucky. (n.d.). A Rush to Reopen Could Undo New Yorkers’ Hard Work against COVID-19. Scientific American. Retrieved July 14, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-rush-to-reopen-could-undo-new-yorkers-hard-work-against-covid-19/
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Fuhrer, J., & Cova, F. (2020). “Quick and dirty”: Intuitive cognitive style predicts trust in Didier Raoult and his hydroxychloroquine-based treatment against COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ju62p
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- Jun 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Scrivner, C., Johnson, J. A., Kjeldgaard-Christiansen, J., & Clasen, M. (2020). Pandemic Practice: Horror Fans and Morbidly Curious Individuals Are More Psychologically Resilient During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/4c7af
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Lawrence, J. R., Elizabeth. (2020, June 25). Packed Bars Serve Up New Rounds Of COVID Contagion. Kaiser Health News. https://khn.org/news/packed-bars-serve-up-new-rounds-of-covid-contagion/
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Groarke, J., Berry, E., Wisener, L.-G., McKenna-Plumley, P., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2020). Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from The COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/j2pce
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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Moynihan, R., Macdonald, H., Bero, L., & Godlee, F. (2020). Commercial influence and covid-19. BMJ, 369. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2456
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www.cambridge.org www.cambridge.org
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Allington, D., Duffy, B., Wessely, S., Dhavan, N., & Rubin, J. (undefined/ed). Health-protective behaviour, social media usage and conspiracy belief during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Psychological Medicine, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172000224X
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papers.ssrn.com papers.ssrn.com
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Rowell, A. (2020). COVID-19 and Environmental Law. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3582879
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humanprogress.org humanprogress.org
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How Many Lives Are Lost Due to the Precautionary Principle? (n.d.). Human Progress. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from humanprogress.org/article.php
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Adam-Troian, J., Bonetto, E., Varet, F., Arciszewski, T., & Guiller, T. (2020). Pathogen Threat Increases Electoral Success for Conservative Parties: Results from a Natural Experiment with COVID-19 in France. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/aqkpm
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Peer, E., & Feldman, Y. (2020). Honesty Pledges for the Behaviorally-based Regulation of Dishonesty [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/pr78t
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Adam Wagner on Twitter: “Second big change: Regulation 7 has been completely replaced - Gatherings of 6 people or less allowed outside in any formation (i.e. from any number of households) - Gatherings over 6 people prohibited without ‘reasonable excuse’, there is an exhuastive list of excuses AND.. https://t.co/ENxHI5aL43” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://twitter.com/adamwagner1/status/1267095533941919745
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- May 2020
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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r/BehSciResearch—How do people search for, avoid and share information during COVID-19? (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved April 20, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/fpvr1x/how_do_people_search_for_avoid_and_share/
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Graber, K., Byrne, E. M., Goodacre, E. J., Kirby, N., Kulkarni, K., O’Farrelly, C., & Ramchandani, P. G. (2020). A rapid review of the impact of quarantine and restricted environments on children’s play and health outcomes [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/p6qxt
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Pragholapati, A. (2020). NEW NORMAL “INDONESIA” AFTER COVID-19 PANDEMIC [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7snqb
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Borgonovi, F., & Pokropek, A. (2020). Can we rely on trust in science to beat the COVID-19 pandemic? [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yq287
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www.scirp.org www.scirp.org
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Makulilo, A. B. (2016). “A Person Is a Person through Other Persons”—A Critical Analysis of Privacy and Culture in Africa. Beijing Law Review, 7(3), 720–726. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2016.73020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Leary, A., Dvorak, R., De Leon, A., Peterson, R., & Troop-Gordon, W. (2020). COVID-19 Social Distancing [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mszw2
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Parker-Pope, T. (2020 April 09). The science of helping out. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/well/mind/coronavirus-resilience-psychology-anxiety-stress-volunteering.html
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- Apr 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Wang, K., & Miller, J. K., PhD. (2020, April 17). Can reappraisal increase global psychological resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic?. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m4gpq
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cahiers.parisdescartes.fr cahiers.parisdescartes.fr
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Vers une régulation nécessaire du marché de l’info ?
On trouve ici la question principale à laquelle répond cet article : Face à la prolifération des fake news faut-il agir, et si oui comment?
La première partie de la question est presque réthorique, après l'argumentation qui vient d'être faite la réponse "oui" s'impose d'elle-même, il faut agir.
La deuxième partie de cette question est introduite 3 lignes plus bas par un "Que faire?" qui permet à l'auteur d'apporter ses deux propositions.
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Que faire ? “Ouvrir un chapitre sur la régulation du marché de l’information, en concertation avec les pouvoirs politiques et les grands acteurs du net. Cela consiste à s’intéresser à la question de la visibilité des contenus” analyse-t- il. Est-il normal que certains mots-clefs renvoient prioritairement à des sites contraires à l’orthodoxie scientifique ? Les GAFA** en concertation avec les politiques ont assurément un rôle à jouer à ce sujet. “L’autre aspect, au moins aussi important, est l’éducation. Il faut se saisir de cette révolution du marché de l’information pour opérer une révolution pédagogique et offrir aux apprenants toutes les occasions pour qu’ils puissent comprendre non seulement le contenu – de la connaissance – mais aussi les raisons pour lesquelles ce contenu leur résiste”, conclut-il. L’urgence est réelle
Ce paragraphe présente la thèse de l'auteur qui est la suivante : On ne doit pas rester inactif face à la prolifération des fausses informations : il faut réguler la visibilité des contenus et promouvoir l'éducation aux médias et à la pensée critique.
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- Mar 2020
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www.cmswire.com www.cmswire.com
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To join the Privacy Shield Framework, a U.S.-based organization is required to self-certify to the Department of Commerce and publicly commit to comply with the Framework’s requirements. While joining the Privacy Shield is voluntary, the GDPR goes far beyond it.
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The GDPR is a sea change and requires companies to go much further than they have in the past under the old framework. Principles like data minimization, what constitutes valid consent, and when a business can claim a legitimate interest in someone's personal data provide serious challenges to U.S. businesses.
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That outcome, in fact, is why the General Data Protection Regulation has been introduced. GDPR is being billed by the EU as the biggest shake-up of data privacy regulations since the birth of the web, saying it sets new standards in the wake of the recent Facebook data harvesting scandal.
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techcrunch.com techcrunch.com
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self-regulation is a core part of why adtech is in the abject mess it’s in.
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techcrunch.com techcrunch.com
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Also inevitable if the mass deception continues: More regulation. If businesses don’t behave ethically on their own, laws will be drawn up to force change.
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www.vox.com www.vox.com
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Ryan said he believes the GDPR has resulted in a “game of chicken” between the tech industry and regulators, where companies are trying to see what they can get away with and doing the bare minimum — without taking meaningful action or, often, actually complying with the law.
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This is another total nonsense decision from incompetent law makers. Why not make website owners keep their online businesses online by force, even if they stop making money, just for the sake of "free information"?
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While Americans tend to prioritize individual liberty, Europeans are more inclined to value the role of the state. Americans are generally more tolerant of offensive speech than Europeans. That has translated to a greater impetus to regulate tech in Europe.
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- Jan 2020
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www-embopress-org.ezproxy.rice.edu www-embopress-org.ezproxy.rice.edu
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use of the strong UAAU signal in highly expressed genes and for the occurrence of the weaker UGAC signal at several recording sites.
three types of recoding events: stop-codon readthrough, –1 ribosome frameshifting and translational bypassing
(Rodnina, Marina V., et al. "Translational recoding: canonical translation mechanisms reinterpreted." Nucleic acids research (2019).)
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journals.plos.org journals.plos.org
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suggestive of protein extension, especially at UGA codons, which rely exclusively on the reduced function RF2 variant of the K-12 strain for termination
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- Dec 2019
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www.ilga.gov www.ilga.gov
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Sec. 7-30. Reporting. By January 1, 2021, and on January 1 of every year thereafter, or upon request by the Illinois Cannabis Regulation Oversight Officer, each cannabis business establishment licensed under this Act shall report to the Illinois Cannabis Regulation Oversight Officer, on a form to be provided by the Illinois Cannabis Regulation Oversight Officer, information that will allow it to assess the extent of diversity in the medical and adult use cannabis industry and methods for reducing or eliminating any identified barriers to entry, including access to capital. The information to be collected shall be designed to identify the following: (1) the number and percentage of licenses provided to Social Equity Applicants and to businesses owned by minorities, women, veterans, and people with disabilities; (2) the total number and percentage of employees in the cannabis industry who meet the criteria in (3)(i) or (3)(ii) in the definition of Social Equity Applicant or who are minorities, women, veterans, or people with disabilities; (3) the total number and percentage of contractors and subcontractors in the cannabis industry that meet the definition of a Social Equity Applicant or who are owned by minorities, women, veterans, or people with disabilities, if known to the cannabis business establishment; and (4) recommendations on reducing or eliminating any identified barriers to entry, including access to capital, in the cannabis industry.
Each year, the Illinois Cannabis Regulation Oversight Officer, currently former State Sen. Toi Hutchinson, shall receive a report from each business allowing the office to assess diversity in the recreational and medicinal industry.
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knightcolumbia.org knightcolumbia.org
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Moving back to a focus on protocols over platforms can solve many of these problems.
This may also only be the case if large corporations are forced to open up and support those protocols. If my independent website can't interact freely and openly with something like Twitter on a level playing field, then it really does no good.
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- Nov 2019
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www.alberta.ca www.alberta.ca
- Oct 2019
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journals.plos.org journals.plos.org
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a threshold-linear response with a tunable threshold, a robust noise resistance characteristic, and a built-in capability for hierarchical cross-talk.
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www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com
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In particular, small RNAs are shown to establish a threshold for the expression of their target, providing safety mechanism against random fluctuations and transient signals. The threshold level is set by the transcription rate of the small RNA and can thus be modulated dynamically to reflect changing environmental conditions.
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sackler.tufts.edu sackler.tufts.eduTitle1
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bacteria generally express genes only when and where needed, and thus do not readily reveal their pathogenic armament outside of infected tissues
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www-nature-com.ezproxy.rice.edu www-nature-com.ezproxy.rice.edu
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regulate gene expression, typically by occluding or exposing regulatory features, such as ribosome binding sites (RBSs) in the case of translation or intrinsic terminator hairpins in the case of transcription
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- Jul 2019
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www.washingtonpost.com www.washingtonpost.com
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Cardinal Health said that it has learned from its experience, increasing training and doing a better job to “spot, stop and report suspicious orders,” company spokeswoman Brandi Martin wrote.
Because companies are incentivized to sell however, it will require governmental oversight and regulation to fix this problem.
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- Feb 2019
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logicmag.io logicmag.io
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But there’s no reason that Google and Facebook shouldn’t be accepting deposits, facilitating payments, making loans, managing assets, running quantitative investment funds.
Except that there's a hesitation among tech firms to enter heavily regulated industries.
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- Nov 2018
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If there is a sector more ripe for the reinvigoration of antitrust regulation, I do not know it.
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- Aug 2018
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gozips.uakron.edu gozips.uakron.edu
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to learn how to better understand students like Cory and how to use that understanding to both connect with the student in the classroom as well as how to better address behavioral issues, and to also learn how to better control my emotions as a teacher so that I can both address situations with a clear mind, as well as go home
希望在课堂中能很好的理解学生，更好的控制好学生行为，并且也控制好自己的情绪
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- Jul 2018
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www.economist.com www.economist.com
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When it comes to democracy and human rights, a Jeffersonian internet is clearly a safer choice. With Web 3.0 still in its infancy, the West at least will need to find other ways to rein in the online giants. The obvious alternative is regulation.
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- May 2018
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Who is responsible for the actions of AI? How should liability be determined for their mistakes? Can a legal system designed by humans keep pace with activities produced by an AI capable of outthinking and potentially outmaneuvering them?
Politically, people have been pushing deregulation for decades, but we have regulations for a reason, as these questions illustrate.
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- Jan 2018
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www.antipope.org www.antipope.org
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Regulatory agencies are our current political systems' tool of choice for preventing paperclip maximizers from running amok.
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- Sep 2017
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digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu
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Co-regulation encompasses initiatives in which government and industry share responsibility for drafting and en-forcing regulatory standards
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policy makers and scholars should explore an alternative approach known as “co-regulation.
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- May 2017
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www.inverse.com www.inverse.com
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The regulation of an entire burgeoning industry, and the interpretation of the Constitution in the digital age, could be impacted by the court’s decision in a case inspired by Pokémon.
This is a really interesting case. How have I not heard of it?
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- Mar 2017
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nfnh2017.scholar.bucknell.edu nfnh2017.scholar.bucknell.edu
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Shell
The decision to veto the proposed pipeline in accordance with Mr. Berger’s recommendation substantially slowed, but did not stop the search for oil in the Arctic. Over the next 40 years, oil companies such as Shell, Exxon, and Chevron would continue their search in a region expected to contain 13% of the world’s undiscovered oil and 30% of its natural gas.1 But in 2015, Shell, the last remaining company in the American Arctic, announced it would halt its exploratory drilling. This would mark the end of their $7 billion venture into Alaska’s Chuckchi Sea. The well, the Burger J, stretched to a depth of 6,800 feet and showed indications of oil and gas, but amid relatively low oil prices, less than $50 a barrel, and the expense necessary to drill in this section of the ocean they have decided to cease operations. The company originally planned on drill two wells to greater than 8,000 feet, but in the wake of Shell grounding its Kulluck drilling rig, this number was halved by President Obama’s administration.2 This grounding was found to be, in part, the result of Shell’s ill-fated attempt to avoid paying millions of dollars in tax liability. Fortune’s Jon Birger noted in his visit to the rig after it was grounded that it was well prepared to prevent the incident that destroyed BP’s Deepwater Horizon, but, startlingly, was less equipped to deal with the unique weather conditions posed by drilling in the Arctic.3 The Berger report may not have halted Shell’s Artic exploration but a combination of regulatory restrictions and low oil prices seem to have done just that.
- Lavelle, Marianne. "Coast Guard blames Shell risk-taking in Kulluk rig accident." National Geographic. April 4, 2014. Accessed March 7, 2017. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2014/04/140404-coast-guard-blames-shell-in-kulluk-rig-accident/.
- Koch, Wendy. "3 reasons why Shell halted drilling in the Arctic." National Geographic. September 28, 2015. Accessed March 7, 2017. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/energy/2015/09/150928-3-reasons-shell-halted-drilling-in-the-arctic/.
- Birger, Jon. "What I learned aboard Shell's grounded Alaskan oil rig." Fortune. January 3, 2013. Accessed March 7, 2017. http://fortune.com/2013/01/03/what-i-learned-aboard-shells-grounded-alaskan-oil-rig/.
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- Jan 2017
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www.mckinsey.com www.mckinsey.com
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the ability of an organization to rapidly adapt and steer itself in a new direction
This is critical for financial services, given the intensity and frequency of regulations this millenia (2002 on). Having an organization that is agile, in addition to having infrastructure that is agile. Imagine a mortgage company that can consume new regulations by reading, analyzing and implementing in operations, compliance (tracking, attestation, reporting) with relative ease - massive competitive advantage. Now imagine a mortgage company that innovates and is ahead of regulations and is ensuring that they are competitive through efficiencies and innovative products without introducing unnecessary risk to customers or to themselves through questionable practices. Possibly unstoppable?
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- May 2016
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Slower metabolisms were not the only reason the contestants regained weight, though. They constantly battled hunger, cravings and binges. The investigators found at least one reason: plummeting levels of leptin. The contestants started out with normal levels of leptin. By the season’s finale, they had almost no leptin at all, which would have made them ravenous all the time. As their weight returned, their leptin levels drifted up again, but only to about half of what they had been when the season began, the researchers found, thus helping to explain their urges to eat.Leptin is just one of a cluster of hormones that control hunger, and although Dr. Hall and his colleagues did not measure the rest of them, another group of researchers, in a different project, did. In a one-year study funded by Australia’s National Health and Medical Research Council, Dr. Joseph Proietto of the University of Melbourne and his colleagues recruited 50 overweight people who agreed to consume just 550 calories a day for eight or nine weeks. They lost an average of nearly 30 pounds, but over the next year, the pounds started coming back.
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- Feb 2015
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www.synapse.org www.synapse.org
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Note: creating multiple accounts or teams solely to circumvent limits on the "purchased" in silico data is grounds for disqualification.
Multi account rules
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- Feb 2014
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www.yale.edu www.yale.edu
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e the core of commons-based peer production entails provisioning withou t direct appropriation and since indirect appropriation—intrinsic or extrinsic—does not rely on control of the information but on its widest possible availability, intellectual property offers no gain, only loss, to peer production. While it is true that free software currently uses copyright-based licensing to prevent certain kinds of defection from peer production processes, that strategy is needed only as a form of institutional jiujitsu to defend from intellectual property. 136 A complete absence of property in the software domain would be at least as congenial to free software development as the condition where property exists, but copyright permits free soft ware projects to use licensing to defend themselves from defection. The same protection from defection might be provided by other means as well, such as creating simple public mechanisms for contributing one’s work in a way that makes it unsusceptible to downstream appropriation—a conservancy of sorts. Regulators concerned with fostering innovation may better direct their efforts toward providing the institutional tools that would help thousands of people to collaborate without appropriating their joint product, making the information they produce freely availabl e rather than spending their efforts to increase the scope and sophistication of the mechanisms for private appropriation of this public good as they now do.
Conservancy of sorts would not protect appropriation int he form of secrecy. But "widest possible availability" hints at a different kind of regulation, mandated revelation -- which is exactly what source requiring copyleft (ie *GPL) aims to do.
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www.nature.com www.nature.com
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National governments are also weighing in on the issue. The UK government aims this April to make text-mining for non-commercial purposes exempt from copyright, allowing academics to mine any content they have paid for.
UK government intervening to make text-mining for non-commercial purposes exempt from copyright.
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