Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. (2012). Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(3), 106–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612451018

Giubilini, A., Caviola, L., Maslen, H., Douglas, T., Nussberger, A.-M., Faber, N., Vanderslott, S., Loving, S., Harrison, M., & Savulescu, J. (2019). Nudging Immunity: The Case for Vaccinating Children in School and Day Care by Default. HEC Forum, 31(4), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10730-019-09383-7

Gagneur, A. (2020). Motivational interviewing: A powerful tool to address vaccine hesitancy. Canada Communicable Disease Report, 46(4), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v46i04a06

Suthaharan, P., Reed, E., Leptourgos, P., Kenney, J., Uddenberg, S., Mathys, C., Litman, L., Robinson, J., Moss, A., Taylor, J., Groman, S., & Corlett, P. R. (2020). Paranoia and Belief Updating During a Crisis. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mtces

Hornik, R., Woko, C., Siegel, L., KIm, K., Kikut, A., Jesch, E., & Clark, D. (2020). 1 What Beliefs are Associated with COVID Vaccination Intentions? Implications for Campaign Planning. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/t3kyx

ReconfigBehSci {@SciBeh} (2020) sadly squares with my own impression of social media 'debate' - as someone who works on both argumentation and belief formation across social networks, this strikes me as every bit as big a problem as the spread of conspiracy. Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1308341816333340672

Bor, A., Osmundsen, M., Rasmussen, S. H. R., Bechmann, A., & Petersen, M. (2020, September 24). "Fact-checking" videos reduce belief in but not the sharing of "fake news" on Twitter. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/a7huq

Wiwad, D., Mercier, B., Piff, P. K., Shariff, A., & Aknin, L. (2020). Recognizing the Impact of Covid-19 on the Poor Alters Attitudes Towards Poverty and Inequality. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/geyt4

Mulukom, V. van, Pummerer, L., Alper, S., Bai, (Max) Hui, Cavojova, V., Farias, J. E. M., Kay, C. S., Lazarevic, L., Lobato, E. J. C., Marinthe, G., Banai, I. P., Šrol, J., & Zezelj, I. (2020). Antecedents and consequences of COVID-19 conspiracy theories: A rapid review of the evidence. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u8yah

Tong, K. K., Chen, J. H., Yu, E. W., & Wu, A. M. S. (n.d.). Adherence to COVID-19 Precautionary Measures: Applying the Health Belief Model and Generalised Social Beliefs to a Probability Community Sample. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12230

Scherer, L. D., & Pennycook, G. (2020). Who Is Susceptible to Online Health Misinformation? American Journal of Public Health, 110(S3), S276–S277. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305908

Nouri, A. B., Ali. (n.d.). COVID Misinformation Is Killing People. Scientific American. Retrieved October 12, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/covid-misinformation-is-killing-people1/

Lunn, P. (n.d.). Much of what we think about Covid-19 is wrong. We need to change the conversation. The Irish Times. Retrieved October 12, 2020, from https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/health-family/much-of-what-we-think-about-covid-19-is-wrong-we-need-to-change-the-conversation-1.4375838

NW, 1615 L. St, Suite 800Washington, & Inquiries, D. 20036USA202-419-4300 | M.-857-8562 | F.-419-4372 | M. (2020, September 17). U.S. Public Now Divided Over Whether To Get COVID-19 Vaccine. Pew Research Center Science & Society. https://www.pewresearch.org/science/2020/09/17/u-s-public-now-divided-over-whether-to-get-covid-19-vaccine/

Burel, Gregoire; Farrell, Tracie; Mensio, Martino; Khare, Prashant and Alani, Harith (2020). Co-Spread of Misinformation and Fact-Checking Content during the Covid-19 Pandemic. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Social Informatics Conference (SocInfo), LNCS.

Houghton, J. P. (2020). Interdependent Diffusion: The social contagion of interacting beliefs. ArXiv:2010.02188 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.02188

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1313776327724544000

Merlino, L. P., Pin, P., & Tabasso, N. (2020). Debunking Rumors in Networks. ArXiv:2010.01018 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.01018

Satariano, A. (2020, September 23). Young People More Likely to Believe Virus Misinformation, Study Says. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/23/technology/young-people-more-likely-to-believe-virus-misinformation-study-says.html

Mike Caulfield on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved September 23, 2020, from https://twitter.com/holden/status/1308205813475897344

Allebach, N. (2020, September 22). How America Became The Land Of Conspiracy Theories. Medium. https://medium.com/@nathanallebach/how-america-became-the-land-of-conspiracy-theories-7c8b0353c667

Anderson-Carpenter, K., & Neal, Z. (2020). Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Impacts in Michigan, USA. 10.31234/osf.io/st2rp

r/BehSciAsk—A comprehensive compliance model? (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/itylzl/a_comprehensive_compliance_model/

Vlasceanu, M., & Coman, A. (2020). The Impact of Social Norms on Belief Update [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gsem6

Lewis, T. (n.d.). Nine COVID-19 Myths That Just Won’t Go Away. Scientific American. Retrieved September 11, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nine-covid-19-myths-that-just-wont-go-away/

Fazio, L., Hong, M. K., & Dias, N. (2020). Debunking rumors around the French election: The memorability and effectiveness of misinformation debunks [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6mjbz

Melnikoff, D. E., & Strohminger, N. (2020). The automatic influence of advocacy on lawyers and novices. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00943-3

Rigoli, F. (2020). The link between coronavirus, anxiety, and religious beliefs in the United States and United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wykeq

Levy, N. L., & Ross, R. M. (2020). The cognitive science of fake news [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/3nuzj

Rogers, K. (2020, May 21). How Bad Is The COVID-19 Misinformation Epidemic? FiveThirtyEight. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-bad-is-the-covid-19-misinformation-epidemic/

Gratton, C., Gagnon-St-Pierre, É., & Markovits, H. (2020). When forewarned is not forearmed: The paradoxical effect of single warnings attached to repeated fake news [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h5cxp

We mustn’t understate the importance of anyone’s life when it comes to Covid deaths | Matt Beard. (2020, August 26). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/aug/26/we-mustnt-understate-the-importance-of-anyones-life-when-it-comes-to-covid-deaths

Cookson, J. A., Engelberg, J. E., & Mullins, W. (2020). Does Partisanship Shape Investor Beliefs? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/rwhse

Vlasceanu, M., & Coman, A. (2020). Information Sources Differentially Trigger Coronavirus-Related Belief Change [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5xkst

Papageorge, N. W., Zahn, M. V., Belot, M., van den Broek-Altenburg, E., Choi, S., Jamison, J. C., & Tripodi, E. (2020). Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Self-Protecting Behavior during the Covid-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27378; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27378

Fan, Y., Orhun, A. Y., & Turjeman, D. (2020). Heterogeneous Actions, Beliefs, Constraints and Risk Tolerance During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27211; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27211

Paris, Marseille named as high-risk COVID zones, making curbs likelier. (2020, August 14). Reuters. https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-france-idUKKCN25A0LC

Pierre, J. (2020). Mistrust and Misinformation: A Two-Component, Socio-Epistemic Model of Belief in Conspiracy Theories [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xhw52

Coibion, O., Gorodnichenko, Y., & Weber, M. (2020). Does Policy Communication During Covid Work? (Working Paper No. 27384; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27384

Allcott, H., Boxell, L., Conway, J. C., Gentzkow, M., Thaler, M., & Yang, D. Y. (2020). Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic (Working Paper No. 26946; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26946

Fetzer, T. R., Witte, M., Hensel, L., Jachimowicz, J., Haushofer, J., Ivchenko, A., Caria, S., Reutskaja, E., Roth, C. P., Fiorin, S., Gómez, M., Kraft-Todd, G., Götz, F. M., & Yoeli, E. (2020). Global Behaviors and Perceptions at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27082; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27082

Akesson, J., Ashworth-Hayes, S., Hahn, R., Metcalfe, R. D., & Rasooly, I. (2020). Fatalism, Beliefs, and Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27245; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27245

Motta, M., Stecula, D., & Farhart, C. E. (2020). How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of COVID-19 Facilitated the Spread of Misinformation in the Early Stages of the Pandemic [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/a8r3p

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints—EU & Intl. Affairs. (2020, April 09). COVID-19, Religion and Belief - Webinar Series. https://www.facebook.com/watch/CHURCHinEU/2595986687381906/

So to say nothing is enough proof that there is no merit to this experiment? Isn't Ezra's thoughts inspired by textbooks/an intention to mimic the scientific process?

I feel like such ignorance towards science is relevant today *cough*,*cough* people who refuse to wear face masks *cough*,*cough*

Weiss, A., Michels, C., Burgmer, P., Mussweiler, T., Ockenfels, A., & Hofmann, W. (2020). Trust in Everyday Life [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qphk2

Cinelli, M., Morales, G. D. F., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2020). Echo Chambers on Social Media: A comparative analysis. ArXiv:2004.09603 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09603

Witt, S., Seehagen, S., & Zmyj, N. (2020). Stress affects the prediction of others’ behavior [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jbswq

Majima, Y., Walker, A. C., Turpin, M. H., & Fugelsang, J. A. (2020). Culture and Epistemically Suspect Beliefs [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qmtn6

Bertin, P., Nera, K., & Delouvée, S. (2020). Conspiracy beliefs, chloroquine, and the rejection of vaccination: A conceptual replication-extension in the COVID-19 pandemic context [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rz78k

Vargas Salfate, S. (2020, April 16). A Response to Do higher-class individuals feel more entitled? The role of system -justifying belief (Xu et al., 2019). https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hr39n

Swire-Thompson, B., DeGutis, J., & Lazer, D. (2020, May 15). Searching for the backfire effect: Measurement and design considerations. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ba2kc

Lees, J. M., Cetron, J. S., Vollberg, M. C., Reggev, N., & Cikara, M. (2020, May 20). Intentions to comply with COVID-19 preventive behaviors are associated with personal beliefs, independent of perceived social norms. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/97jry

Teovanovic, P., Lukic, P., Zupan, Z., Lazić, A., Ninković, M., & Zezelj, I. (2020, May 20). Irrational beliefs differentially predict adherence to guidelines and pseudoscientific practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gefhn

Johnson, N.F., Velásquez, N., Restrepo, N.J. et al. The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views. Nature (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2281-1

Brzezinski, A., Kecht, V., Van Dijcke, D., Wright, A. (2020) Belief in Science Influences Physical Distancing in Response to COVID-19 Lockdown Policies. BFI. https://bfi.uchicago.edu/working-paper/belief-in-science-influences-physical-distancing-in-response-to-covid-19-lockdown-policies/

Gouin, J.-P. (2020). Social, Cognitive, and Emotional Predictors of Adherence to Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ksj52

Jones, P. J., & McNally, R. J. (2020). Does broadening one’s concept of trauma undermine resilience? [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5ureb

Fischer, H., & Said, N. (2020, May 12). Metacognition_ClimateChange_Fischer&Said_Preprint. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fd6gy

Having a strong belief system is naturally integral for humans. Religion is by far the most common, profound form of human belief systems, so it is relevant to propose the question of transhumanism and religion being incompatible. While it is possible that the basis of each religion can contribute to an individual's probability of simultaneously believing in transhumanism, having a belief system that consists of both beliefs would presumably be rather conflicting for any individual to concurrently believe in.

Popular view of rhetoric is - a model of communication. This is what most people think. Example of how rhetoric can obscure the meaning of an otherwise clear sentence.

I find the emphasis on military education to be somewhat telling about the beliefs and values of the United States during this time period. Today there is no such expectation that all young men must learn about military subjects, but in from the document it seems that there is almost an expectation that most men will eventually serve in the military. It seems that the proximity in time to the revolutionary war, and the value of independence are likely contributing factors to this belief.

Virtue is something that was really important to Jefferson - especially when it came to founding the United States’ Constitution in 1787. He argued for a smaller republic and higher education in order to prevent factions within the country, so seeing this in this report does not surprise me. He strove to preserve virtue as much as possible.

The election of 1800 marks a pivotal change in American economic policy that parallels this quote above. When Thomas Jefferson became president in 1801, America's economic policy shifted from heavily regulated (Federalists) to more laissez faire (Jeffersonians). Jefferson's objective was to promote freedom for pursuit of individual self-interest, which would stimulate economic growth. Jefferson's policy mirrored the invisible hand theory Adam Smith presented in "The Wealth of Nations." Economies operate best when self-interest is not governmentally limited. Jefferson prioritized lenience on agricultural and manufacturing regulation. However, UVa curriculum has a holistic approach, in which students will have "well informed views of political economy." This is evidence that Jefferson didn't allow for personal bias to influence the curriculum.

As evident from both the past and present, the University of Virginia values adherence to the Constitution. The subsequent portion of this sentence elucidates the reasoning for Thomas Jefferson's vision of the Rotunda (a library) as the epicenter of campus, rather than a Chapel. UVa's respect for the separation between church and state epitomizes one of the many successes that come from "conformity with the principles of our constitution." However, in my eyes, there are negatives to an absolute adherence to this rule. Supporting outlook of judicial activism, I believe the ideals presented in the Constitution should accomodate situational context. On August 11, when neo-nazi's stormed our campus, the principles of freedom of speech and right to assemble were abused. Cleary, this illuminates a detriment to our undying loyalty to the Constitution.

Campbell argues pretty heavily for testimony as a solid form of evidence (pages 919-20).

"Accordingly, in all tongues, perhaps without exception, the ordinary terms, which are considered as literally expressive of the latter [material subjects], are also used promiscuously to denote the former [spiritual subjects]." - Campbell

almost universal belief that all people define the real world of objects, events, and living creatures in pretty much the same way.

I also need to learn how to use desire so it will serve the True Self.

I need to go within, put aside all personal thoughts and beliefs and allow the True Self to flow, express

My True Self is the real master of the mind..........

"It is only by your thinking these other things, by allowing these inharmonious thoughts to enter your mind and by so doing giving them the power so to affect or disturb you, that they have any such influence over you." So succinct and clear.

"When you stop thinking into them this power, and turn within to Me and allow Me to direct your thinking, they will at once disappear from your consciousness, and dissolve into the nothingness from which you created them by your thinking." Again simple clear instruction.

When I am ready to do this, when I am ready to turn within to the True Self then I am ready to receive Truth and by Conscious thinking directed by the True Self, "create the true and permanent things I within wish you to create."

Very clear, cause and effect.

It is being pointed out that if I think something and believe it, it seems true, yet to others who think differently they will not appear the same way..... and this is also a part of Divine purpose, to fulfil the law of creating...........

If I do not see and know consciously who I really am it means that my mind and body have not yet been fully prepared to receive the Truth.

I need to let go of my beliefs about myself and the world that I have taken on from what has been role modelled to me through my human life....

And to realise that the part of me that has believed other than what is Truth may be resistant to the message in this text.

The invitation extends to taking the Word within my heart and to abide, be with it and it will become a source of joy and blessing...

Hmmm, to really listen to my own guidance no matter what!

What I think I experience, if I think something will distract me from my Centre, Being, than it will only because I have believed it so. In this I would give up permission to Know..

This is back to the basics of psychology, 'we feel and act according to whatever we believe', not events situations and encounters. If the interruption was believed to be an interference and attention was shifted to focus on this in 3d it would have taken away from Centredness.

I am reminded of my fear based beliefs in the 3d mind perceptually limit my ability to move into, simply be come aware of my Conscious Awareness of Self... Being and all in Reality it takes is the choice to begin to observe as Raj has shared previously.

The conversations prove to Paul that he is actually in 4d.

Raj shares with Paul to insist upon communicating with him because through this communication which is in 4d it affirms Paul's divinity.

The shift is to be more grounded in 4d and less in 3d.

Paul's Belief that he is not measuring up and therefore deserving of negative feelings adds up to a big subjective put down that tells him that he can't go beyond where he is, etc.

It's an Ego strategy - a 3dRef perspective.

Raj gives perspective in the next paragraph.

Question: what is the best Tag to use when referring to challenges that arise in life - here, Raj, speaks of running into trouble when we begin our thought process apart from conscious Being.

Raj is correcting Paul's Belief, or misconception, regarding reason and thinking.

He also further describes Being.

Paul is really challenged by his financial situation and he has hoped that his conversations with Raj would have done something to make it all better - it hasn't and he is questioning the value of his interaction with Raj.

Paul's belief about what is right and reacting to what is wrong in his world he is not able to see what is really going on.

Raj suggests he could flow and allow what is.

(from ACIM: Would you rather be right or happy?)