Sir Karam Bales ✊ 🇺🇦. (2022, January 29). 1/🧵Some questionable stats, studies and statements over past 6 week Examples and evaluation First of all its worth looking at the impact some studies and articles have had in recent months https://t.co/o83T5fJW2N [Tweet]. @karamballes. https://twitter.com/karamballes/status/1487240863835119617

Kolina Koltai, PhD [@KolinaKoltai]. (2021, September 27). When you search ‘Covid-19’ on Amazon, the number 1 product is from known antivaxxer Dr. Mercola. 4 out of the top 8 items are either vaccine opposed/linked to conspiratorial narratives about covid. Amazon continues to be a venue for vaccine misinformation. Https://t.co/rWHhZS8nPl [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/KolinaKoltai/status/1442545052954202121

Caulfield, T. (2017, October 24). The Vaccination Picture by Timothy Caulfield. Penguin Random House Canada. https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/565776/the-vaccination-picture-by-timothy-caulfield/9780735234994

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: “RT @CaulfieldTim: Incredible how ‘natural immunity’ topic continually misrepresented by #antivaxx community. The usual suspects (e.g., th…” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved January 21, 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1474060743217754115

Nerd, G. M.-K. H. (2021, December 22). Of Course Unvaccinated People Should Get Medical Care. Medium. https://gidmk.medium.com/of-course-unvaccinated-people-should-get-medical-care-34b26ae7eaa4

Mills, M. C., & Sivelä, J. (2021). Should spreading anti-vaccine misinformation be criminalised? BMJ, 372, n272. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n272

Stefan Simanowitz. (2021, March 18). 1/. The PM claims that the govt “stuck to the science like glue” But this is not true At crucial times they ignored the science or concocted pseudo-scientific justifications for their actions & inaction This thread, & the embedded threads, set them out https://t.co/dhXqkSL1bz [Tweet]. @StefSimanowitz. https://twitter.com/StefSimanowitz/status/1372460227619135493

Dr. Syra Madad. (2021, February 7). What we hear most often “talk to your health care provider if you have any questions/concerns on COVID19 vaccines” Vs Where many are actually turning to for COVID19 vaccine info ⬇️ This is also why it’s so important for the media to report responsibly based on science/evidence [Tweet]. @syramadad. https://twitter.com/syramadad/status/1358509900398272517

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh]. (2022, January 28). @ollysmithtravel @AllysonPollock that is a policy alternative one could consider- whether it’s more or less effective, more or less equitable, or even implementable in the current Austrian health care framework would need careful consideration.... None of that saves the argument in the initial tweet [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1487043954654818316

Quinn, E. K., Fenton, S., Ford-Sahibzada, C. A., Harper, A., Marcon, A. R., Caulfield, T., Fazel, S. S., & Peters, C. E. (2022). COVID-19 and Vitamin D Misinformation on YouTube: Content Analysis. JMIR Infodemiology, 2(1), e32452. https://doi.org/10.2196/32452

Kim Reynolds ending COVID disaster declaration, shutting down vaccination and case count websites. (n.d.). Des Moines Register. Retrieved March 14, 2022, from https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2022/02/03/iowa-governor-kim-reynolds-end-covid-disaster-policies-vaccination-case-websites-omicron/6653655001/

Karan, A. (2022). We cannot afford to repeat these four pandemic mistakes. BMJ, 376, o631. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o631

University, G. W. (n.d.). Facebook’s vaccine misinformation policy reduces anti-vax information. Retrieved March 7, 2022, from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-03-facebook-vaccine-misinformation-policy-anti-vax.html

Fidalgo, P. (2022, February 22). How the Hell Did It Get This Bad? Timothy Caulfield Battles the Infodemic, March 3 | Center for Inquiry. https://centerforinquiry.org/news/how-the-hell-did-it-get-this-bad-timothy-caulfield-battles-the-infodemic-march-3/

Tyler Black, MD. (2022, January 25). /1 Hi Lucy and your colleagues. Your advocacy toolkit contains poorly sourced, contexted, and biased information on mental health during the pandemic/schooling. And I have receipts too! (Thread) #urgencyofnormal https://t.co/JeWKE0iGn1 [Tweet]. @tylerblack32. https://twitter.com/tylerblack32/status/1486111652076527623

Schafer, B. (2021, October 5). RT Deutsch Finds a Home with Anti-Vaccination Skeptics in Germany. Alliance For Securing Democracy. https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/rt-deutsch-youtube-antivaccination-germany/

How cherry-picking science became the center of the anti-mask movement. (2022, February 14). Gothamist. https://gothamist.com

Eric Feigl-Ding. (2022, January 17). Pandemic leadership matters. #COVID19 mortality per capita by state. 📍Public health is policy, policy is politics. 📍Human behavior is often driven by misinformation. 📍Misinformation is often driven by politics. 📍Politics can be changed by voting—Unless voters can’t. Https://t.co/pFkndQZrfr [Tweet]. @DrEricDing. https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1483181226815012867

Singh, K., Lima, G., Cha, M., Cha, C., Kulshrestha, J., Ahn, Y.-Y., & Varol, O. (2022). Misinformation, believability, and vaccine acceptance over 40 countries: Takeaways from the initial phase of the COVID-19 infodemic. PLOS ONE, 17(2), e0263381. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263381

Smyth, G., & News ·, L. D. · C. (2022, February 9). 2 B.C. doctors went on a COVID-19 speaking tour. Colleagues say their misinformation put public at risk | CBC News. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-doctors-covid-misinformation-1.6334580

How does COVID-19 misinformation compare with other health topics? (2022, January 19). https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/covid-19-misinformation-was-entirely-predictable-experts-say

Trisha Greenhalgh. (2022, January 8). Apart from (e.g.): 1. Severe disease in clinically vulnerable (they are people too); 2. Long covid in many; 3. Strokes / heart attacks / kidney failure from micro-clots; 4. New-onset diabetes and MIS-C in children; 5. High potential for recombinant mutations. [Tweet]. @trishgreenhalgh. https://twitter.com/trishgreenhalgh/status/1479738523511136258

Enough with the harassment: How to deal with anti-vax cults. (2022, January 26). Healthy Debate. https://healthydebate.ca/2022/01/topic/how-to-deal-with-anti-vax-cults/

Calarco, J. M. (2021). The Moral Calm Before the Storm: How a Theory of Moral Calms Explains the Covid-Related Increase in Parents’ Refusal of Vaccines for Children. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/m7c3p

Bayerlein, M., Boese, V. A., Gates, S., Kamin, K., & Murshed, S. M. (2021). Populism and COVID-19: How Populist Governments (Mis)Handle the Pandemic. 2(3): 389–428. https://doi.org/10.1561/113.00000043

Hotez, P. J. (2021). America’s deadly flirtation with antiscience and the medical freedom movement. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 131(7). https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI149072

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘this might be my favourite one so far...’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 January 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1481194899169062917

FACT FOCUS: Unfounded theory used to dismiss COVID measures. (2022, January 8). AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-science-health-joe-rogan-ap-fact-check-a87b1044c6256968dcc33886a36c949f

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, January 3). masking is not an “unevidenced intervention” and, at this point, it is outright disinformation to claim so. Sad coming from an academic at a respectable institution [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1478003733518819334

Jones, C. M., Diethei, D., Schöning, J., Shrestha, R., Jahnel, T., & Schüz, B. (2021). Social reference cues can reduce misinformation sharing behaviour on social media. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v6fc9

Meet the media startups making big money on vaccine conspiracies. (n.d.). Fortune. Retrieved December 23, 2021, from https://fortune.com/2021/05/14/disinformation-media-vaccine-covid19/

Prof. Shane Crotty. (2021, November 2). Wow. COVID vaccine misinformation continues to be soooo horrible. This is incredible widespread and ABSOLUTELY made up. (Just like the insanity of implantable chips they continue to claim over and over) These fabrications are so damaging to the health of Americans. [Tweet]. @profshanecrotty. https://twitter.com/profshanecrotty/status/1455540502955241489

Carl T. Bergstrom. (2021, December 16). Indeed. Https://t.co/5xa28la941 [Tweet]. @CT_Bergstrom. https://twitter.com/CT_Bergstrom/status/1471345956981391360

Ning, C., Wu, H., & Liu, Y. (2021). Deliberation in health-related headlines. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e5bn7

How to report on public officials who spread misinformation. (2021, December 8). The Journalist’s Resource. https://journalistsresource.org/home/covering-misinformation-tips/

Petersen, M. B., Rasmussen, M. S., Lindholt, M. F., & Jørgensen, F. J. (2021). Pandemic Fatigue and Populism: The Development of Pandemic Fatigue during the COVID-19 Pandemic and How It Fuels Political Discontent across Eight Western Democracies. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y6wm4

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 13). RT @CaulfieldTim: In the battle to debunk COVID-19 misinformation, Ottawa Public Health officials lead the way https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/in-the-battle-to-debunk-covid-19-misinformation-ottawa-public-health-officials-lead-the-way v @o… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1470435719848108035

Critics of petition against COVID-19 measures say it is grounded in hyperbole and misinformation. (n.d.). Retrieved December 9, 2021, from https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/news/general/critics-of-petition-against-covid-19-measures-say-it-is-grounded-in-hyperbole-and-misinformation/362441

Hotez, P. (2021). COVID vaccines: Time to confront anti-vax aggression. Nature, 592(7856), 661–661. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01084-x

US white supremacists targeting under-vaxxed Aboriginal communities, WA Premier says. (2021, December 2). ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-02/us-white-supremacists-targeting-aboriginal-communities-in-wa/100670090

Fauci, A. (2021). Victories against AIDS have lessons for COVID-19. Nature, 600(7887), 9–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03569-1

Al-Hasan, A., Khuntia, J., & Yim, D. (2021). Does Seeing What Others Do Through Social Media Influence Vaccine Uptake and Help in the Herd Immunity Through Vaccination? A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 1668. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.715931

Facebook froze as anti-vaccine comments swarmed users. (n.d.). MSN. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/science/facebook-froze-as-anti-vaccine-comments-swarmed-users/ar-AAPY06U

Dr. Vivek Murthy, U.S. Surgeon General on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved November 11, 2021, from https://twitter.com/Surgeon_General/status/1458050515267465221

Kale, S. (2021, November 11). Chakras, crystals and conspiracy theories: How the wellness industry turned its back on Covid science. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/11/injecting-poison-will-never-make-you-healthy-how-the-wellness-industry-turned-its-back-on-covid-science

Caulfield, T. (2021, October 18). The Golden Age of Junk Science Is Killing Us. Men’s Health. https://www.menshealth.com/health/a37910261/how-junk-science-and-misinformation-hurt-us/

Wiseman, E. (2021, October 17). The dark side of wellness: The overlap between spiritual thinking and far-right conspiracies. The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/oct/17/eva-wiseman-conspirituality-the-dark-side-of-wellness-how-it-all-got-so-toxic

Misleading claims about Serco’s role in Test and Trace resurface. (17:43:01.123330+00:00). Full Fact. https://fullfact.org/health/test-trace-march-2021/

Frost, M. (n.d.). Busting COVID-19 vaccination myths. Retrieved November 2, 2021, from https://acpinternist.org/archives/2021/11/busting-covid-19-vaccination-myths.htm

Tennessee Bills Would Shield Docs Who Spread COVID Misinformation. (2021, October 29). https://www.medpagetoday.com/special-reports/exclusives/95355

With Only 26% of Pregnant People in the United States Vaccinated Against COVID-19, New Survey Sheds Light on the Reasons Why. (n.d.). Retrieved November 1, 2021, from https://www.mavenclinic.com/post/covid-19-vaccine-survey-pregnant-people?utm_content=185156625&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter&hss_channel=tw-2236392565

Ian Prittie. (2021, October 4). Again proving that this is only about vaccine passports, not public health. Https://t.co/i4kdZemBDV [Tweet]. @thereds8. https://twitter.com/thereds8/status/1445068311193165824

Feehan, J., Husaric, M., & Apostolopoulos, V. (n.d.). No, COVID vaccines don’t stay in your body for years. The Conversation. Retrieved 11 October 2021, from http://theconversation.com/no-covid-vaccines-dont-stay-in-your-body-for-years-169247

Covid-19: ‘Vaccine misinformation a dilemma for young people’. (2021, September 19). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-58616080

Robins-Early, N. (2021, September 24). Desperation, misinformation: How the ivermectin craze spread across the world. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/24/ivermectin-covid-peru-misinformation

Bode, L., & Vraga, E. K. (2018). See Something, Say Something: Correction of Global Health Misinformation on Social Media. Health Communication, 33(9), 1131–1140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1331312

Misinformation Alerts - Public Health Communications Collaborative. (n.d.). Public Health Communication Collaborative. Retrieved September 24, 2021, from https://publichealthcollaborative.org/misinformation-alerts/

Vraga, E. K., & Bode, L. (2017). Using Expert Sources to Correct Health Misinformation in Social Media. Science Communication, 39(5), 621–645. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547017731776

Clift, A. K., von Ende, A., Tan, P. S., Sallis, H. M., Lindson, N., Coupland, C. A. C., Munafò, M. R., Aveyard, P., Hippisley-Cox, J., & Hopewell, J. C. (2021). Smoking and COVID-19 outcomes: An observational and Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank cohort. Thorax, thoraxjnl-2021-217080. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217080

Managing the COVID-19 infodemic: Promoting healthy behaviours and mitigating the harm from misinformation and disinformation. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2021, from https://www.who.int/news/item/23-09-2020-managing-the-covid-19-infodemic-promoting-healthy-behaviours-and-mitigating-the-harm-from-misinformation-and-disinformation

Paynter, J., Luskin-Saxby, S., Keen, D., Fordyce, K., Frost, G., Imms, C., Miller, S., Trembath, D., Tucker, M., & Ecker, U. (2019). Evaluation of a template for countering misinformation—Real-world Autism treatment myth debunking. PLoS ONE, 14(1), e0210746. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210746

Mixing science and art to make the truth more interesting than lies. (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2021, from https://theconversation.com/mixing-science-and-art-to-make-the-truth-more-interesting-than-lies-100221?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=bylinetwitterbutton

McAweeney, E. (2020, March 30). Who Benefits from Health Misinformation? Medium. https://points.datasociety.net/who-benefits-from-health-misinformation-8d094804058d

Vaccine case study: Understanding the impact of polio vaccine disinformation in Pakistan. (n.d.). First Draft. Retrieved September 27, 2021, from https://firstdraftnews.org:443/long-form-article/first-draft-case-study-understanding-the-impact-of-polio-vaccine-disinformation-in-pakistan/

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, September 22). RT @CBSNews: ‘We’ve been creative’: Puerto Rico fares better at COVID shots than many U.S. states, with 62% of its population fully vaccina… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1440715397649481741

Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C. R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L. J., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A. M., & van der Linden, S. (n.d.). Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world. Royal Society Open Science, 7(10), 201199. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201199

Pluviano, S., Watt, C., & Della Sala, S. (2017). Misinformation lingers in memory: Failure of three pro-vaccination strategies. PLoS ONE, 12(7), e0181640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181640

Full Fact on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 20 September 2021, from https://twitter.com/FullFact/status/1439197512741658627

Rafiquddin, Sadia. “Doctors Treating Unvaccinated Covid Patients Are Succumbing to Compassion Fatigue.” The Guardian, September 18, 2021, sec. US news. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/sep/18/doctors-caring-unvaccinated-covid-patients.

Cleavon MD 💉. (2021, July 22). 46 y.o. Brandon Haynes from #Louisiana died from COVID. "I asked him to take the vaccine & he wouldn’t. The best way I can honor him is to request friends and family members take the vaccine.” Mom provided a vaccine clinic at his funeral #SoulsLostToCovid https://t.co/H8Ljx2NlHc [Tweet]. @Cleavon_MD. https://twitter.com/Cleavon_MD/status/1418260324042559495

Mattei, M., Caldarelli, G., Squartini, T., & Saracco, F. (2021). Italian Twitter semantic network during the Covid-19 epidemic. EPJ Data Science, 10(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-021-00301-x

Bai, H. (2021). Fake News Known as Fake Still Changes Beliefs and Leads to Partisan Polarization [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v9gax

DemTech | COVID-19 Misinformation Newsletter 24 August 2021. (2021, August 24). https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/covid-19-misinformation-newsletter-24-august-2021/#continue

General, Office of the Surgeon. “Health Misinformation Reports and Publications.” Text. HHS.gov, July 14, 2021. https://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/reports-and-publications/health-misinformation/index.html.