AG-229
AG-229 through AG-242
AgriLife Extension Events forms - including cost recovery for non AgriLife Register events.
AG-229
AG-229 through AG-242
AgriLife Extension Events forms - including cost recovery for non AgriLife Register events.
Reportage über Produktion und Nutzung von grünem Wasserstoff in Spanien. Eines der Probleme – abgesehen von den hohen Produktionskosten – ist der Wassermangel im Landesinneren. Das ohnehin knappe Wasser wird im Moment für die Landwirtschaft gebraucht, so dass es fraglich ist, wann Spanien grünen Wasserstoff in andere europäische Länder exportieren kann.
https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/wasserstoff-spanien-100.html
https://www.3x5life.com/collections/frontpage/products/3x5-life-system-with-mini-course
Cost of items purchased separately on Amazon: - Index cards (total of 6*31+13+12+52=263, so round up to 300 at $0.02 each) = $6.99 - storage box $16.49 - dividers $5.79 - phone sleeve: $2.32 - stainless steel stand: $2.33
Buying these in bulk for additional profit margin/branding could certainly lower the cost.
Their retail is $97.79 versus commercially at $33.92. Their actual cost at bulk is probably significantly less and likely closer to $15 all in for the system, so this is a nice little profit.
Watts, Charles J. The Cost of Production. Muskegon, MI: The Shaw-Walker Company, 1902. http://archive.org/details/costproduction01wattgoog.
Short book on managing manufacturing costs. Not too much of an advertisement for Shaw-Walker manufactured goods (files, file management, filing cabinets, etc.). Only 64 pages are the primary content and the balance (about half) are advertisements.
Given the publication date of 1902, this would have preceded the publication of System Magazine which began in 1903. This may have then been a prototype version of an early business magazine, but with a single author, no real editorial, and only one article.
Presumably it may also have served the marketing interests of Shaw-Walker as a marketing piece as well.
Tangentially, I'm a bit intrigued by the "Mr. Morse" mentioned on page 109 who is being touted as an in-house consultant for Shaw-Walker.... Is this the same Frank Morse who broke off to form the Browne-Morse Co.? (very likely)
see: see also: https://hypothes.is/a/Sp8s4sprEe24jitvkjkxzA for a snippet on Frank Morse.
My translation of Niklas Luhmann (1997): Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft, Frankfurt/M: Suhrkamp. S.11: “Bei meiner Aufnahme in die 1969 gegründete Fakultät für Soziologie der Universität Bielefeld fand ich mich konfrontiert mit der Aufforderung, Forschungsprojekte zu benennen, an denen ich arbeite. Mein Projekt lautete: Theorie der Gesellschaft; Laufzeit: 30 Jahre; Kosten: keine.”
As I began to work at the 1969 founded faculty of sociology of the University of Bielefeld, I was confronted with the request to name research projects I work on. My project was: a theory of society; Duration: 30 years; Costs: none.(1)
civilizations have risen and Fallen based on their ability to manage their 00:08:45 scarce Water Resources we are no different
!- water boundary : technological assistance -low cost ocean water purification
In 1988, when polio was endemic in 125 countries, the annual assembly of national health ministers, meeting in Geneva, declared their intent to eradicate polio by 2000. That target was missed, but a $3 billion campaign had it contained in six countries by early 2003.
The polio-vaccine conspiracy theory has had direct consequences: Sixteen countries where polio had been eradicated have in recent months reported outbreaks of the disease – twelve in Africa (Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Sudan, and Togo) and four in Asia (India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen). Yemen has had the largest polio outbreak, with more than 83 cases since April. The WHO calls this "a major epidemic."
f you started in January 2022 the numbers in Brackets if you started January 2023 so look how much difference one year makes particularly under the 1.5 budget it's 00:25:55 just enormous you realize how rapidly each year we choose to fail how much that changes the following year and I think that's a really key message here that because we've left it so late every day of failure makes makes 00:26:09 tomorrow much much harder whichever way you look at this whether it's 1.5 or 2 degrees Centigrade whether it's Sweden the UK the US Australia Japan whatever this is profound 00:26:22 an immediate change in our system in so many respects in way above what governments are ever prepared to talk about and I say I don't particularly like these conclusions but that's what's what comes out of the arithmetic
!- difference in annual emissions reduction required in just one year is enormous - comparing the actual, required emissions of a climate progressive country (Sweden) - emissions reduction just one year later (in brackets) is enormous
Basic facelift (redecoration)£2,000£3,000£2,500 Basic refurbishment - (incl. new kitchen, painting, new flooring, joinery work, modifying bathroom)£15,000£18,000£16,500 Full refurbishment (incl.all of the above, plus new bathroom, new boiler and radiators, structural work, new electrics, re-plastering)£33,000£48,000£40,500
Refurb cost
With Mailgun, you'll need to upgrade to a dedicated IP or "managed email service" and pay extra for "better deliverability." At Postmark, great deliverability isn't an up-charge. It's simply included, and we share live delivery data so you can judge for yourself.
In the interest of reducing warranty claims (which are much more expensive than that incremental manufacturing cost) carmakers are sizing the whole unit to reliably accommodate the worst case draw (driver turns everything on at the same time, at idle).
After the first week of the campaign, we realized what are the main problematic pillars and fixed them right away. Nevertheless, even with these improvements and strong support from the Gamefound team, we’re not even close to achieving the backer numbers with which we could safely promise to create a game of the quality we think it deserves.
First and foremost, we need to acknowledge that even though the funding goal has been met–it does not meet the realistic costs of the project. Bluntly speaking, we did not have the confidence to showcase the real goal of ~1.5 million euros (which would be around 10k backers) in a crowdfunding world where “Funded in XY minutes!” is a regular highlight.
new tag: pressure to understate the real cost/estimate
See also:
Alas, many things really must be experienced to be understood. We didn’t have much of an experience to deliver to them though — after all, the whole point of all this evangelizing was to get people to give us money to pay for developing the software in the first place! [...] When people ask me about my life’s ambitions, I often joke that my goal is to become independently wealthy so that I can afford to get some work done. Mainly that’s about being able to do things without having to explain them first, so that the finished product can be the explanation. I think this will be a major labor saving improvement.
From http://habitatchronicles.com/2004/04/you-cant-tell-people-anything/
When people ask me about my life’s ambitions, I often joke that my goal is to become independently wealthy so that I can afford to get some work done. Mainly that’s about being able to do things without having to explain them first, so that the finished product can be the explanation. I think this will be a major labor saving improvement.
Alas, many things really must be experienced to be understood. We didn’t have much of an experience to deliver to them though — after all, the whole point of all this evangelizing was to get people to give us money to pay for developing the software in the first place!
One common use case for rbspy is profiling slow unit test runs -- instead of spending a bunch of time adding instrumentation, you can run rbspy record ruby my-test.rb and instantly get profiling information about what's going on.
However, as an interpreted language, Ruby is slow compared to compiled languages. The general solution adopted by Rubyists was to throw more hardware at the problem. “Hardware is cheaper than salaried engineers,” went the common maxim.
Bays, D., Whiteley, T., Pindar, M., Taylor, J., Walker, B., Williams, H., Finnie, T. J. R., & Gent, N. (2021). Mitigating isolation: The use of rapid antigen testing to reduce the impact of self-isolation periods (p. 2021.12.23.21268326). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.23.21268326
At current prices, Maker governance is vulnerabl
reward>cost creates a perverse incentive
We don’t expect National Defence or health care to promote growth: we just accept that territorial integrity and a healthy populace are good things.
Been making that point about health (especially since, like education, it's a provincial jurisdiction). It's easy to think of perverse incentives if a profit motive dominates education and health. Physicians would want people to remain sick and teachers would prefer it if learners required more assistance.
Hadn't thought enough about the DND part. Sure gives me pause, given the amounts involved. Or the fact that there's a whole lot of profit made in that domain.
So, businesspeople are quick to talk about "cost centres". Some of them realize that those matter a whole lot.
5.7 Prioritize by weighing the value of additional information against the cost of not deciding.
5.7 Prioritize by weighing the value of additional information against the cost of not deciding.
If the code review process is not planned right, it could have more cost than value.
In 2022, the focus is exploring and envisioning the hyper-response and embarking on this mission. It will involve engaging and energizing people, analysis, planning, and some early actions. The “E” in PLAN E stands for “Earth,” “everyone,” “everything,” and “everywhere.”
The global, open access Tipping Point Festival can be launched as a zero marginal cost festival (ZMCF) or a netfest for bottom-up, rapid whole system change to synchronize the ordinary citizens of the globe to deal with the hyperthreat.
It orientates around making the threat visible and knowable, to an extent that this inspires automatic configuration and realignment across human tribes
This can be done through a decentralized, zero marginal cost hyperthreat education campaign relying on crowdsourcing via the internet. Since the threat level has become salient to a sufficient scale, these aware actors can be crowdsourced for a scalable education campaign.
the current global military buildup could represent a situation whereby many nations are entering, unconsciously or perhaps because there seems to be no other option, into a new type of mutually assured destruction (MAD) scenario, or even the Homo sapiens death spiral.
It sucks enormous material and energy resources whose purpose is to destroy built environments, human lives, nonhuman lives and the built environment .... not very climate friendly! Military spending only sucks up valuable resources required to fight the climate change hyperthreat.
The argument used to propose its use is to avoid the construction of multiple volatile objects. This supposed advantage is not real in virtual machines with efficient garbage collection mechanisms.
Consider a Sufficiently Smart Compiler/Runtime where a multiply-instanced class has the exact same runtime characteristics as code that has been hand-"tuned" to use a singleton.
David Fisman. (2021, December 15). HEPA air cleaners in hospital...lets compare cost to ECMO. ECMO course in the US costs around $93,000 CDN; US cost:charge ratio is around 0.2, so let’s say that’s $20,000 CDN. That’s the cost of 50 high end hepa air cleaners! Or you could do 250 CR boxes at around $80 a pop. [Tweet]. @DFisman. https://twitter.com/DFisman/status/1471259305961828355
Michael Bang Petersen. (2021, March 17). This is worsened as costs of #covid19 are not mentally similar to costs of side effects, even if the latter are less risky. People prefer controllable risks to uncontrollabe risks, even if less lethal (https://t.co/kSIcObWYmT). That is why you fear flying but not driving. [2/2] [Tweet]. @M_B_Petersen. https://twitter.com/M_B_Petersen/status/1372103708218159109
ReconfigBehSci. (2022, January 20). @OmicronData @timcolbourn I think there might be a difference here between what you are putting forward and what @timcolbourn is arguing any rational individual should be for analysing the expected costs and benefits of a course of action, and I assume we all agree on that. 1/2 [Tweet]. @i. https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1484080972459134976
For Nvidia, the speed of the 3080 package makes for a solid sales pitch: This cloud PC is probably faster than your home system, so cloud gaming is worth it. Cloud gaming will always present a latency tradeoff, but that latency is easier to accept if you're getting otherwise-unattainable graphics quality along with it.
Smart strategy by Nvidia.
Hur, K. (2022, February 16). Restaurateur says he spends around $750,000 on security to deal with unruly diners. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/16/restauranteur-says-he-spends-around-750000-on-security-to-deal-with-unruly-diners.html
Unvaccinated COVID-19 hospitalizations cost billions of dollars. (n.d.). Peterson-KFF Health System Tracker. Retrieved January 14, 2022, from https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/unvaccinated-covid-patients-cost-the-u-s-health-system-billions-of-dollars/
Ibbitson, J. (2022, January 11). Refusing the COVID-19 vaccine comes with a price. The Globe and Mail. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-refusing-the-covid-19-vaccine-comes-with-a-price/
Thread from neuroscientist refutation of portions of this article:
Elgot, Jessica, and Jessica Elgot Deputy political editor. ‘England Could Fit Covid Air Filters to All Classrooms for Half Cost of Royal Yacht’. The Guardian, 27 December 2021, sec. Education. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/dec/27/covid-air-filters-for-all-classrooms-in-england-would-cost-half-of-royal-yacht.
Baig, Abdul Mannan. ‘Counting the Neurological Cost of COVID-19’. Nature Reviews Neurology 18, no. 1 (January 2022): 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-021-00593-7.
Zewe, A., & Technology, M. I. of. (2021, December 19). MIT Scientists Find Clues to Why Fake News Snowballs on Social Media. SciTechDaily. https://scitechdaily.com/mit-scientists-find-clues-to-why-fake-news-snowballs-on-social-media/
Classroom carbon dioxide levels three times above guidelines. (2021, November 26). https://schoolsweek.co.uk/classroom-carbon-dioxide-levels-three-times-above-watchdog-guidelines/
France-Presse, A. (2021, November 17). Pfizer strikes deal to allow generic versions of its Covid pill for world’s poor. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/nov/17/pfizer-strikes-deal-to-allow-generic-versions-of-its-covid-pill-for-worlds-poor
Medicamentele ce fac obiectul contractelor cost-volum se prescriu pe un formular distinct ( prescripție medical electronic de tip cost-volum –EV), pe o perioada de maxim 30-31 de zile.
Prescrierea medicamentelor cost-volum
Vaccine inequality will cost money as well as lives. (2021, August 30). The Economist. https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2021/08/30/vaccine-inequality-will-cost-money-as-well-as-lives
Study: Myocarditis risk 37 times higher for children with COVID-19 than uninfected peers | American Academy of Pediatrics. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.aappublications.org/news/2021/08/31/covid-myocarditis-risk-children-083121
COVID-19 vaccine - King County. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2021, from https://www.kingcounty.gov/depts/health/covid-19/vaccine.aspx
Now consider we want to handle numbers in our known value set: const KNOWN_VALUES = Object.freeze(['a', 'b', 'c', 1, 2, 3]) function isKnownValue(input?: string | number) { return typeof(input) === 'string' && KNOWN_VALUES.includes(input) } Uh oh! This TypeScript compiles without errors, but it's not correct. Where as our original "naive" approach would have worked just fine. Why is that? Where is the breakdown here? It's because TypeScript's type system got in the way of the developer's initial intent. It caused us to change our code from what we intended to what it allowed. It was never the developer's intention to check that input was a string and a known value; the developer simply wanted to check whether input was a known value - but wasn't permitted to do so.
Leah McElrath 🏳️🌈. (2021, July 12). One reason the right-wing outrage machine is focused on attacking Biden’s plan for door-to door outreach isn’t because they actually fear confiscation of guns or Bibles. It’s because they don’t want poor people to have access to life-saving vaccinations. Https://t.co/GnZMmlBfqK [Tweet]. @leahmcelrath. https://twitter.com/leahmcelrath/status/1414660179061264388
Logg, Jennifer M., and Charles A. Dorison. “Pre-Registration: Weighing Costs and Benefits for Researchers.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 167 (November 1, 2021): 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.05.006.
reduce the production time
Promotes economies of scale- cost advantage due to the scale of operation. As the cost per unit of output decreasing it causes the scale to increase.
Sarah Kliff on Twitter: “Coronavirus vaccines are free—But 9 percent of Americans say they’re not getting one because they are worried about cost. I see this a lot in my reporting: Patients who don’t seek care because they’re become so accustomed to surprise bills that follow. Https://t.co/gu6oDnlvhB” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://twitter.com/sarahkliff/status/1395032095819542528?s=20
n the past, many organizations connected remote branches and retail locations to the central data center through a hub and spoke WAN model that relied on individual MPLS connections. As a result, all data, workflows, and transactions, including access to cloud services or the internet, required traffic to be backhauled to the data center for processing and redistribution. Compared to an SD-WAN solution, this is extremely cost-inefficient. SD-WAN reduces costs by providing optimized, multi-point connectivity using distributed, private data traffic exchange and control points to give your users secure, local access to the services they need – whether from the network or the cloud – while securing direct access to cloud and internet resources.
Forcing people out of the habit to assume this branch would be called master, is a valuable lesson.
On existing projects, consider the global effort to change from origin/master to origin/main. The cost of being different than git convention and every book, tutorial, and blog post. Is the cost of change and being different worth it?
"While it takes time to make these changes now, it's a one-time engineering cost that will have lasting impacts, both internally and externally," Sorenson said in an email. "We're in this for the long game, and we know inclusive language is just as much about how we code and what we build as it is about person-to-person interactions."
Service, Tribune News. “Govt Caps Cost of Covid Vaccines in Private Hospitals.” Tribuneindia News Service. Accessed June 10, 2021. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/govt-caps-cost-of-covid-vaccines-in-private-hospitals-265483.
I'm not sure why MSFT decided to change these codes in the first place. While it might have been a noble goal to follow the IETF standard (though I'm not really familiar with this), the old codes were already out there, and most developers don't benefit by the new codes, nor care about what these codes are called (a code is a code). Just the opposite occurs in fact, since now everyone including MSFT itself has to deal with two codes that represent the same language (and the resulting problems). My own program needs to be fixed to handle this (after a customer contacted me with an issue), others have cited problems on the web (and far more probably haven't publicised theirs), and MSFT itself had to deal with this in their own code. This includes adding both codes to .NET even though they're actually the same language (in 4.0 they distinguished between the two by adding the name "legacy" to the full language name of the older codes), adding special documentation to highlight this situation in MSDN, making "zh-Hans" the parent culture of "zh-CHS" (not sure if it was always this way but it's a highly questionable relationship), and even adding special automated code to newly created "add-in" projects in Visual Studio 2008 (only to later remove this code in Visual Studio 2010, without explanation and therefore causing confusion for developers - long story). In any case, this is not your doing of course, but I don't see how anyone benefits from this change in practice. Only those developers who really care about following the IETF standard would be impacted, and that number is likely very low. For all others, the new codes are just an expensive headache. Again, not blaming you of cours
I feel the pain. It is a normal thing that standards do evolve over time, though, and our software needs to cope with it.
I'm not sure why MSFT decided to change these codes in the first place. While it might have been a noble goal to follow the IETF standard (though I'm not really familiar with this), the old codes were already out there, and most developers don't benefit by the new codes, nor care about what these codes are called (a code is a code).
Meyns, C. (2021, May 15). In de ban van de evenementenlobby. Medium. https://chrismeyns.medium.com/in-de-ban-van-de-evenementenlobby-46437eb12ee4
Andre, F., Booy, R., Bock, H., Clemens, J., Datta, S., John, T., Lee, B., Lolekha, S., Peltola, H., Ruff, T., Santosham, M., & Schmitt, H. (2008). Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(2), 140–146. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.07.040089
Ozawa, S., Clark, S., Portnoy, A., Grewal, S., Brenzel, L., & Walker, D. G. (2016). Return On Investment From Childhood Immunization In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, 2011–20. Health Affairs, 35(2), 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1086
Zhou, F., Shefer, A., Wenger, J., Messonnier, M., Wang, L. Y., Lopez, A., Moore, M., Murphy, T. V., Cortese, M., & Rodewald, L. (2014). Economic Evaluation of the Routine Childhood Immunization Program in the United States, 2009. Pediatrics, 133(4), 577–585. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0698
Trovò, B., & Massari, N. (2021). Ants-Review: A Protocol for Incentivized Open Peer-Reviews on Ethereum. ArXiv:2101.09378 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2101.09378
Gangarosa, E. J., Galazka, A. M., Wolfe, C. R., Phillips, L. M., Miller, E., Chen, R. T., & Gangarosa, R. E. (1998). Impact of anti-vaccine movements on pertussis control: The untold story. The Lancet, 351(9099), 356–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)04334-1
Cousins, S. (2020). 2·5 million more child marriages due to COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet, 396(10257), 1059. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32112-7
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 3 March 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1351453660396605440
Graham, B. S. (2020). Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development. Science, 368(6494), 945–946. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8923
Gupta, Prateek, Tegan Maharaj, Martin Weiss, Nasim Rahaman, Hannah Alsdurf, Abhinav Sharma, Nanor Minoyan, et al. ‘COVI-AgentSim: An Agent-Based Model for Evaluating Methods of Digital Contact Tracing’. ArXiv:2010.16004 [Cs], 29 October 2020. http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.16004.
Scheffer, J. A., Cameron, D., & Inzlicht, M. (2021). Caring is Costly: People Avoid the Cognitive Work of Compassion. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jyx6q
much software requires continuous changes to meet new requirements and correct bugs, and re-engineering software each time a change is made is rarely practical.
Marcus, E. (2020, November 23). How College Students Are Helping Each Other Survive. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/23/style/college-mutual-aid-networks.html
A freemium model is sometimes used to build a consumer base when the marginal cost of producing extra units is low.
Chris Herd on Twitter. (2021). Twitter. Retrieved 13 February 2021, from https://twitter.com/chris_herd/status/1359135080753614854
Economists call this a "network effect": the more people there are on Twitter, the more reason there is to be on Twitter and the harder it is to leave. But technologists have another name for this: "lock in." The more you pour into Twitter, the more it costs you to leave. Economists have a name for that cost: the "switching cost."
What’s the use of ie. snap libreoffice if it can’t access documents on a samba server in my workplace ? Should I really re-organize years of storage and work in my office for being able to use snap ? A too high price to pay, for the moment.
IS186-mediated integration of the plasmid into the chromosome or deletion of these accessory genes from an evolved plasmid that remained capable of self-replication conferred greater fitness benefits than SP formation
Can we say this is because of the combined fitness benefit
Especially considering that there is expression of the accessory genes (ex: GFP in fig.2e)-> so the protein level fitness burden still exists, albeit at a lower extent.
How much of this burden is attributed to keeping a plasmid around?, maybe this could be tested with a low copy pSC101 type plasmid or by deleting all the accessory genes and repeating the evolution experiment to specifically look for the integrants this time
My question to you is, what is the benefit of your definition of dirty? What superior UX does it allow you to implement?
Covid-19: First UK airport coronavirus testing begins. (2020, October 20). BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-54604100
Brañas-Garza, P., Jorrat, D., Espín, A. M., & Sánchez, A. (2020). Paid and hypothetical time preferences are the same: Lab, field and online evidence. ArXiv:2010.09262 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.09262
Smith, A. M., Willroth, E. C., Gatchpazian, A., shallcross, amanda, Feinberg, M., & Ford, B. Q. (2020). Coping with Health Threats: The costs and benefits of managing emotions. [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dn957
Handling all these requests costs us considerably: servers, bandwidth and human time spent analyzing traffic patterns and devising methods to limit or block excessive new request patterns. We would much rather use these assets elsewhere, for example improving the software and services needed by W3C and the Web Community.
Science as Amateur Software Development. (2020, September 26). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwRdO9_GGhY&feature=youtu.be
One of the primary tasks of engineers is to minimize complexity. JSX changes such a fundamental part (syntax and semantics of the language) that the complexity bubbles up to everything it touches. Pretty much every pipeline tool I've had to work with has become far more complex than necessary because of JSX. It affects AST parsers, it affects linters, it affects code coverage, it affects build systems. That tons and tons of additional code that I now need to wade through and mentally parse and ignore whenever I need to debug or want to contribute to a library that adds JSX support.
The reason why we don't just create a real DOM tree is that creating DOM nodes and reading the node properties is an expensive operation which is what we are trying to avoid.
This balancing act needs to take into account project complexity (size, distribution, etc.), uncertainty (risk, innovation need, etc.), and the cost of change at the project level and for each major component.
Compounding the problem of iteration disguised as oscillation is the cost of change.
Incurring high-cost changes isn't evolutionary design-it's oscillation caused by poor planning and requirements specification on a high cost-of-change component-it tips the anticipation/adaptation balance too far towards adaptation.
This is what higher education is currently saying to its long-term casual staff. While universities are underfunded for teaching and expected to compete globally on the basis of research, then the revenue from teaching will be diverted into research. This isn’t a blip, and there won’t be a correction. This is how universities are solving their funding problems with a solution that involves keeping labour costs (and associated overheads like paid sick leave) as low as possible. It’s a business model for bad times, and the only thing that makes it sustainable is not thinking about where the human consequences are being felt.
This last sentence is so painful...
Weber notes that according to any economic theory that posited man as a rational profit-maximizer, raising the piece-work rate should increase labor productivity. But in fact, in many traditional peasant communities, raising the piece-work rate actually had the opposite effect of lowering labor productivity: at the higher rate, a peasant accustomed to earning two and one-half marks per day found he could earn the same amount by working less, and did so because he valued leisure more than income. The choices of leisure over income, or of the militaristic life of the Spartan hoplite over the wealth of the Athenian trader, or even the ascetic life of the early capitalist entrepreneur over that of a traditional leisured aristocrat, cannot possibly be explained by the impersonal working of material forces,
Science could learn something from this. Science is too far focused on the idealized positive outcomes that it isn't paying attention to the negative outcomes and using that to better define its outline or overall shape. We need to define a scientific opportunity cost and apply it to the negative side of research to better understand and define what we're searching for.
Of course, how can we define a new scientific method (or amend/extend it) to better take into account negative results--particularly in an age when so many results aren't even reproducible?
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1313776327724544000
A common complaint about pure-play PaaS products is that they are inexpensive, to begin with, but become incredibly pricey as you scale apps. One of the reasons behind this is that these PaaS products run on someone else's infrastructure, and they often need to pass those costs on to you. App Platform runs on DigitalOcean’s infrastructure, and since we own the infrastructure, we can keep the costs low to optimize costs and resources as you scale.
MacFarlane, Douglas, Li Qian Tay, Mark J. Hurlstone, and Ullrich Ecker. ‘Refuting Spurious COVID-19 Treatment Claims Reduces Demand and Misinformation Sharing’, 30 September 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/q3mkd.
Daley, J. (n.d.). Millions of Rapid COVID-19 Antigen Tests May Help Fill the Testing Gap. Scientific American. Retrieved September 30, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/millions-of-rapid-covid-19-antigen-tests-may-help-fill-the-testing-gap/
James, N., & Menzies, M. (2020). Human and financial cost of COVID-19. ArXiv:2009.11660 [Physics, q-Fin]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.11660
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and one which you don’t need to use and won’t add any code to your app if you choose not to use
And of course, if you don't use them you don't pay for them
Hospitals told not to test staff or patients for Covid-19. (2020, September 18). The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/coronavirus-nhs-testing-hospitals-shortage-b485589.html
Goodley, S., & Halliday, J. (2020, September 18). Troubled test-and-trace system drafts in management consultants. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/18/troubled-covid-test-and-trace-programme-drafts-in-management-consultants
Thomas, D., & Giles, C. (2020, September 14). Cities count cost of lasting exodus from offices. https://www.ft.com/content/203cc83c-72b0-49c9-bea5-6fb38735a8fc
Exclusive: In Russia, a black market for HIV drug to try on coronavirus. (2020, April 20). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-russia-hiv-exclusi-idUSKBN2220W1
Ponchner, D. (n.d.). Costa Rica Readies Horse Antibodies for Trials as an Inexpensive COVID-19 Therapy. Scientific American. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/costa-rica-readies-horse-antibodies-for-trials-as-an-inexpensive-covid-19-therapy/
Goodman, J. D. (2020, August 31). A Quick Virus Test? Sure, If You Can Afford It. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/31/nyregion/rapid-coronavirus-test.html
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Rodela, T. T., Tasnim, S., Mazumder, H., Faizah, F., Sultana, A., & Hossain, M. M. (2020). Economic Impacts of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Developing Countries [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/wygpk
Chowdhury, R., Luhar, S., Khan, N., Choudhury, S. R., Matin, I., & Franco, O. H. (2020). Lifting the lockdown: What are the options for low and middle-income countries? [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/yu5br
Herper, M. (2020, July 1). Covid-19 vaccine from Pfizer and BioNTech shows positive results. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/01/coronavirus-vaccine-from-pfizer-and-biontech-shows-positive-results-report-says.html
Guo, L., Boocock, J., Tome, J. M., Chandrasekaran, S., Hilt, E. E., Zhang, Y., Sathe, L., Li, X., Luo, C., Kosuri, S., Shendure, J. A., Arboleda, V. A., Flint, J., Eskin, E., Garner, O. B., Yang, S., Bloom, J. S., Kruglyak, L., & Yin, Y. (2020). Rapid cost-effective viral genome sequencing by V-seq. BioRxiv, 2020.08.15.252510. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.15.252510
Qin, M., Cao, Z., Wen, J., Yu, Q., Liu, C., Wang, F., Yang, F., Li, Y., Fishbein, G., Yan, S., Xu, B., Hou, Y., Ning, Z., Nie, K., Jiang, N., Liu, Z., Wu, J., Yu, Y., Li, H., … Lu, Y. (2020). An Antioxidant Enzyme Therapeutic for COVID-19. BioRxiv, 2020.07.15.205211. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.205211
Johnson, Samuel Gregory Blane. ‘Dimensions of Altruism: Do Evaluations of Prosocial Behavior Track Social Good or Personal Sacrifice?’ Preprint. PsyArXiv, 22 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/r85jv.
Sun, W., McCroskery, S., Liu, W.-C., Leist, S. R., Liu, Y., Albrecht, R. A., Slamanig, S., Oliva, J., Amanat, F., Schäfer, A., Dinnon, K. H., Innis, B. L., García-Sastre, A., Krammer, F., Baric, R. S., & Palese, P. (2020). A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing membrane-anchored spike as a cost-effective inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. BioRxiv, 2020.07.30.229120. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.30.229120
Vogels, C. B. F., Brackney, D., Wang, J., Kalinich, C. C., Ott, I., Kudo, E., Lu, P., Venkataraman, A., Tokuyama, M., Moore, A. J., Muenker, M. C., Casanovas-Massana, A., Fournier, J., Bermejo, S., Campbell, M., Datta, R., Nelson, A., Team, Y. I. R., Cruz, C. D., … Grubaugh, N. (2020). SalivaDirect: Simple and sensitive molecular diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. MedRxiv, 2020.08.03.20167791. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.20167791
FDA allowing saliva-based test funded by NBA. (2020, August 15). ESPN.Com. https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/29667299/fda-allowing-saliva-based-test-funded-nba
Kozlowski, J., Veldkamp, L., & Venkateswaran, V. (2020). Scarring Body and Mind: The Long-Term Belief-Scarring Effects of COVID-19 (Working Paper No. 27439; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27439
Argente, D. O., Hsieh, C.-T., & Lee, M. (2020). The Cost of Privacy: Welfare Effects of the Disclosure of COVID-19 Cases (Working Paper No. 27220; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27220
Vu, Jonathan T, Benjamin K Kaplan, Shomesh Chaudhuri, Monique K Mansoura, and Andrew W Lo. ‘Financing Vaccines for Global Health Security’. Working Paper. Working Paper Series. National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27212.
McLaughlin, Patrick A, and Casey B Mulligan. ‘Three Myths about Federal Regulation’. Working Paper. Working Paper Series. National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2020. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27233.
A Vaccine Reality Check. (n.d.). MSN. Retrieved August 9, 2020, from https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/a-vaccine-reality-check/ar-BB178Yaf
The Cost of the COVID-19 Crisis: Lockdowns, Macroeconomic Expectations, and Consumer Spending. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 7, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13224/
Pulejo, M., & Querubín, P. (2020). Electoral Concerns Reduce Restrictive Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27498; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27498
Hassan, T. A., Hollander, S., van Lent, L., & Tahoun, A. (2020). Firm-level Exposure to Epidemic Diseases: Covid-19, SARS, and H1N1 (Working Paper No. 26971; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26971
Modelling the Distributional Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13235/
Job Search during the COVID-19 Crisis. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13237/
If Sick-Leave Becomes More Costly, Will I Go Back to Work? Could It Be Too Soon?
If Sick-Leave Becomes More Costly, Will I Go Back to Work? Could It Be Too Soon?. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13379/
Deryugina, T., Gruber, J., & Sabety, A. (2020). Natural Disasters and Elective Medical Services: How Big is the Bounce-Back? (Working Paper No. 27505; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27505
Kargar, M., Lester, B., Lindsay, D., Liu, S., Weill, P.-O., & Zúñiga, D. (2020). Corporate Bond Liquidity During the COVID-19 Crisis (Working Paper No. 27355; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27355
Rampini, A. A. (2020). Sequential Lifting of COVID-19 Interventions with Population Heterogeneity (Working Paper No. 27063; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27063
He, Z., Nagel, S., & Song, Z. (2020). Treasury Inconvenience Yields during the COVID-19 Crisis (Working Paper No. 27416; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27416
Slobin, S. (n.d.). How Remote Work Divides America. Reuters. Retrieved July 27, 2020, from https://graphics.reuters.com/HEALTH-CORONAVIRUS/USA-REMOTEWORK/xlbpgbrljvq/
Kundu, B., & Bhowmik, D. (2020). Societal impact of novel corona virus (COVID ̶ 19 pandemic) in India [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/vm5rz
Xie, W., Campbell, S., & Zhang, W. (2020, May 5). Working Memory Capacity Predicts Individual Differences in Social Distancing Compliance during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/3j69f
Heap, S. H., Koop, C., Matakos, K., Unan, A., & Weber, N. S. (2020). COVID-19 and people’s health-wealth preferences: Information effects and policy implications [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/mz67j
Bizzarri, M., Panebianco, F., & Pin, P. (2020). Is segregating anti-vaxxers a good idea? ArXiv:2007.08523 [Physics, q-Bio, q-Fin]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.08523
halperin, daniel. (2020). The Covid-19 Lockdown “Natural Experiment” That Has Already Been Conducted [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jzhe2
editor, R. M. D. political. (2020, June 7). UK failure to lock down earlier cost many lives, top scientist says. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/07/uk-failure-to-lock-down-earlier-cost-many-uk-lives-top-scientist-says
[Jdm-society] Decision on re-opening economies. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2020, from http://www.sjdm.org/mail-archive/jdm-society/2020-April/008496.html
Achakulvisut, T., Ruangrong, T., Bilgin, I., Van Den Bossche, S., Wyble, B., Goodman, D. F., & Kording, K. P. (2020). Improving on legacy conferences by moving online. ELife, 9, e57892. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.57892
Cutler, D. M., Nikpay, S., & Huckman, R. S. (2020). The Business of Medicine in the Era of COVID-19. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.7242
Mancini, A. D. (2020, May 28). Heterogeneous Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19: Costs and Benefits. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000894
For the past few years, we've run GitLab.com as our free SaaS offering, featuring unlimited public and private repositories, unlimited contributors, and access to key features, like issue tracking, code review, CI, and wikis. None of those things are changing! We're committed to providing an integrated solution that supports the entire software development lifecycle at a price where everyone can contribute. So what's changing? Over time, the usage of GitLab.com has grown significantly to the point where we now have over two million projects hosted on GitLab.com and have seen a 16x increase in CI usage over the last year.
Feys, F., Brokken, S., & De Peuter, S. (2020, May 22). Risk-benefit and cost-utility analysis for COVID-19 lockdown in Belgium: the impact on mental health and wellbeing. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xczb3
Internal platform groups (those focused on a non-user facing part of our product, like a set of internal APIs) tend to create heavy coordination costs on other groups which depend on platform improvements to deliver valuable features to users. In order to stay efficient, it is important to ensure each group is non-blocking and is able to deliver value to users directly. This is why we avoid internal platform groups.
Mehrotra, S., Rahimian, H., Barah, M., Luo, F., & Schantz, K. (2020 May 02). A model of supply-chain decisions for resource sharing with an application to ventilator allocation to combat COVID-19. Naval Research Logistics (NRL). https://doi.org/10.1002/nav.21905
In general, bucket owners pay for all Amazon S3 storage and data transfer costs associated with their bucket. A bucket owner, however, can configure a bucket to be a Requester Pays bucket. With Requester Pays buckets, the requester instead of the bucket owner pays the cost of the request and the data download from the bucket. The bucket owner always pays the cost of storing data.
Request Pays
The Free Software Foundation suggests the term "uniform fee only" (UFO) to reflect that such "(F)RAND" licenses are inherently discriminatory.
Watzek, J., & Brosnan, S. (2020, April 30). Capuchin and rhesus monkeys show sunk cost effects in a psychomotor task. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qtgru
Hadavand, A., Hamermesh, D.S., & Wilson, W.W. (2020). Is scholarly refereeing productive (at the margin)? The National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w26614
If you are want pups and/or to support us and our artists but can't afford full price, you can back at this special half-price level with reduced shipping ($2), no questions asked. You'll still get the game + stickers, because we want to get cute pups on every table we can this summer.
It's interesting to observe that
What I want to know is, did everyone who backed at full price realize there was the option to get the same reward for half the price? Anyway, that's awesome that they're willing to support this project at that level.
Amazon has got a neat Requestor Pays Feature but as soon as there's a cost - any cost - there's a barrier to entry.
The purpose of publications in a pandemic and beyond. (n.d.). Wonkhe. Retrieved April 24, 2020, from https://wonkhe.com/blogs/the-purpose-of-publications-in-a-pandemic-and-beyond/
Verbruggen, R. (2020 March 24). Another COVID Cost-Benefit Analysis. National Review. https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/another-covid-cost-benefit-analysis/
Chirikov, I., Semenova, T., Maloshonok, N., Bettinger, E., & Kizilcec, R. F. (2020). Online education platforms scale college STEM instruction with equivalent learning outcomes at lower cost. Science Advances, 6(15), eaay5324. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay5324
Thunstrom, L., Newbold, S., Finnoff, D., Ashworth, M., & Shogren, J. F. (2020). The Benefits and Costs of Using Social Distancing to Flatten the Curve for COVID-19 (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3561934). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561934
Anything Pwned Passwords related is free because I want maximum adoption and the cost is borne by @cloudflare. Anything related to querying email addresses requires a key to be purchased because I want to limit abuse and it costs me directly to run.
“Even if experts are saying it’s really not going to make a difference, a little [part of] people’s brains is thinking, well, it’s not going to hurt. Maybe it’ll cut my risk just a little bit, so it’s worth it to wear a mask,” she says.
Yes, it’s been deprecated. Why? Because too few people were using it to make it worth the time, money, and energy to maintain. In truth, although I sometimes disagree with the operator changes, I happen to agree with this one. Maintaining ALL of the synonyms takes real time and costs us real money. Supporting this operator also increases the complexity of the code base. By dropping support for it we can free up a bunch of resources that can be used for other, more globally powerful changes.
How much money does this machinery cost i know it cant be cheap with how huge these things are
money
Whose money? Important to determine whether the student or the institution is the winner here. Are we increasing access to high quality resources? I think the answer is yes, but I think it also bears thinking about.
Another type of savings to consider: the technical debt that students of all ages incur when they encounter a new technology that may or may not be well supported. If OER is trapped inside proprietary technologies with unique logins, it's worth considering how many of those resources we ask students to grapple with over the course of a degree.
Estimated economic benefit of data linkage
the potential value from linking Census data to administrative data sets is only beginning to be realised and holds immense potential.(In other work for the Population Health Research Network, Lateral Economics concluded that data linkage generated over $16 for every dollar invested).
Cost reduction suggestion
there may be ways to reduce costs associated with the development of Census-equivalent statistics, including relying less on the general public to answer questions every five years
Economic benefit of the Census.
Our estimates suggest the benefits of running the Census easily outweigh its costs in the order of$6 of economic value for each $1 it costs. On this reckoning, the cost of the Census would have to rise to six times its current cost –to around $3 billion every five years –before it startedto become cost ineffective
Cost
How much will it cost if we adopt the LMS?
The cost of a single-payer system would depend upon its design, benefit levels, and scope of coverage.
It is impossible to provide a specific costing method, but only general methods. How is design dependent? What is the benefit level of? and the range means the limit of the "Single-payer" system?
Research. As zero-textbook-cost degrees are implemented across the country, research could be conducted to analyze the impact of degree establishment on student access and success, as well as on faculty pedagogical practice. Metrics related to access and success might include credit loads, withdrawal rates, persistence rates, pass rates, and actual cost savings.
Zero-textbook cost degrees is still a long way off as far as India goes. Our students are now extremely proficient in the use of the internet and open sources. However, compared to open access resources use of standardised textbooks in traditionnal classrooms is definitely better as teachers has a personal connect with the student. This is particularly necessary as students are becoming victims of PUBG and other such addctive games leading to either suicide or other behavioural problems. We do not need a plethora of zombie students in our schools and colleges!
The country’s economy is completely dependent on mining. Many poor families are completely dependent on their children working the mines. That $9/day is hard for a child to reject
its weird how people are able to exploit these people legally, and if not legally than how have people not made an effort to stop them?
Walt describes how the multibillion-dollar industry, that has made some people outside Africa really really rich, is not known to workers like Lukasa. He just sells his haul to Chinese traders who have seen their profits increase 400% over the last two years.
I wonder if the people at the top of the company even know that this is going on with there "employees"
Especially one child named Lukasa who gets up at 5 AM to work a 12-hour day for less than $9
how is this allowed
Inflation-adjusted Textbook Pain Multiplier for Decision-Makers
Analysis and solutions to better convey the economic impact of rising textbook costs.
Satisfaction with cost to you88.93
88.93
88.93
Thus, as textbook prices go up, students seem to be responding by trying to get by in at least some of their courses without the required textbooks, which could negatively impact their learning.
an effective marginal cost of zero
This aspect of information goods is oft quoted as a distinguishing feature whose existence supports a radically different approach from previous publishing methods.
It's true that the marginal cost is dramatically decreased with digital publishing. But there's a big difference between "closer to zero than before" and actually zero. The marginal cost of digital information goods is not actually zero. That people are willing to trade their privacy in exchange for someone else bearing the costs of managing information is one piece of evidence of this.
“[t]he uncertainty surrounding the Title II regulatory framework for wireless broadband services hinders our ability to meet our customer[s]’ needs, burdens our companies with unnecessary and costly obligations and inhibits our ability to build and operate networks in rural America.”
I think it's likely that these providers would offer slower connectivity speeds as a foundation for rural areas, but their uncertainty in what is allowed holds them back from the attempt to expand.
The evidence so far strongly suggests that this is the right way to go.
This statement is underlining the idea that repealing these regulations is necessary for innovation and development of new companies.
if the FCC “suddenly subject[ed] some or all information service providers to telephone regulation, it seriously would chill the growth and development of advanced services.”2
What are the facts/logic behind this statement? In what way would it "chill" growth and development?
Transfer degree
1THE COST OF ONLINE EDUCATIO
engage in an ongoing struggle for the right of students to be given a free formidable and critical education not dominated by corporate values
Point 4/6
"Germany proves tuition-free college is not a silver bullet for America's education woes"
The first assumption we need is that the cost function can be written as an average
How could have a cost / error function that cannot be written as an average?
A study of housing cost in San Francisco from the 1950s to 2016.
A NEW FEDERALISM IN HIGHER EDUCATION AFFORDABILITY
College Affordability Diagnosis
Asking What Students Spend on Textbooks Is the Wrong Question
Cost of textbooks and what students are able to spend.
Thoughts on using open eBooks as textbooks
TRENDS INCOLLEGEPRICING2015
tuition
Because most of these studies were randomized controlled trials—the “gold standard” of medical evidence—they tended to have a significant impact on clinical practice, and led to the spread of treatments such as hormone replacement therapy for menopausal women and daily low-dose aspirin to prevent heart attacks and strokes. Nevertheless, the data Ioannidis found were disturbing: of the thirty-four claims that had been subject to replication, forty-one per cent had either been directly contradicted or had their effect sizes significantly downgraded.
Here is the cost right here!
Davis has a forthcoming analysis demonstrating that the efficacy of antidepressants has gone down as much as threefold in recent decades.
Ouch!
The company spent $5M or so trying to validate a platform that didn’t exist
Costs of irreproducibility
The Big Myth About Hotel Metasearch (Travel Tuesday)