3,402 Matching Annotations
  1. Aug 2020
    1. Valhalla aims to revise the memory model for Java to allow for immutable types, which are more complex than primitives, but less flexible than objects. Sometimes you have more complex data that doesn’t change over the course of that object’s lifespan; burdening it with the overhead of a class is unnecessary. The initial proposal put it more succinctly: “Codes like a class, works like an int.” “For things like big data for machine learning or for natural language, Valhalla promises to represent data in a way that allows the JVM to fully take advantage of modern hardware architectures that have changed dramatically since Java was created,” said Saab.
  2. Jul 2020
    1. Ruby has some really nice libraries for working with linked data. These libraries allow you to work with the data in both a graph and resource-oriented fashion, allowing a developer to use the techniques that best suit his or her use cases and skills.
    2. Another Ruby gem, Spira, allows graph data to be used as model objects
    1. As a result, web browsers can provide only minimal assistance to humans in parsing and processing web pages: browsers only see presentation information.
    1. To verify that your structured data is correct, many platforms provide validation tools. In this tutorial, we'll validate our structured data with the Google Structured Data Validation Tool.
    2. Valid AMP pages do not require schema.org structured data, but some platforms like Google Search require it for certain experiences like the Top stories carousel. It's generally a good idea to include structured data. Structured data helps search engines to better understand your web page, and to better display your content in Search Engine Result Pages (e.g., in rich snippets).
    1. As mentioned earlier in these guidelines, it is very important that controllers assess the purposes forwhich data is actually processed and the lawful grounds on which it is based prior to collecting thedata. Often companies need personal data for several purposes, and the processing is based on morethan one lawful basis, e.g. customer data may be based on contract and consent. Hence, a withdrawalof consent does not mean a controller must erase data that are processed for a purpose that is basedon the performance of the contract with the data subject. Controllers should therefore be clear fromthe outset about which purpose applies to each element of data and which lawful basis is being reliedupon.
    2. If there is no other lawful basisjustifying the processing (e.g. further storage) of the data, they should be deleted by the controller.
    3. In cases where the data subject withdraws his/her consent and the controller wishes to continue toprocess the personal data on another lawful basis, they cannot silently migrate from consent (which iswithdrawn) to this other lawful basis. Any change in the lawful basis for processing must be notified toa data subject in accordance with the information requirements in Articles 13 and 14 and under thegeneral principle of transparency.
    4. Data minimization, anonymisation and datasecurity are mentioned as possible safeguards.73Anonymisation is the preferred solution as soon asthe purpose of the research can be achieved without the processing of personal data.
    1. Some vendors may relay on legitimate interest instead of consent for the processing of personal data. The User Interface specifies if a specific vendor is relating on legitimate interest as legal basis, meaning that that vendor will process user’s data for the declared purposes without asking for their consent. The presence of vendors relying on legitimate interest is the reason why within the user interface, even if a user has switched on one specific purpose, not all vendors processing data for that purpose will be displayed as switched on. In fact, those vendors processing data for that specific purpose, relying only on legitimate interest will be displayed as switched off.
    2. Under GDPR there are six possible legal bases for the processing of personal data.
    1. drawing evidence-based conclusions

      One thing that is not obvious about Hypothesis, is that you can also use it to annotate data sheets — that's easiest if they are CSV files published on the web.

    1. Do jeszcze bardziej przytłaczających wniosków doszła Julianne Holt-Lunstad, która, posiłkując się wynikami 70 badań naukowych, ogłosiła, że samotność zwiększa śmiertelność w takim samym stopniu co otyłość czy wypalanie 15 papierosów dziennie. Z kolei Nicole Valtorty z Uniwersytetu Newcastle ustaliła, że prawdopodobieństwo ataku serca u osób osamotnionych rośnie o 29 proc., a zagrożenie udarem – o 32 proc. „To niezależny czynnik przyczyniający się do śmierci. Może cię po prostu zabić. Znajduje się na tej samej liście co choroby serca i rak – twierdzi dr Josh Klapow, psycholog kliniczny z Uniwersytetu Alabamy.

      Data on health consequences of being alone

    2. Z danych GUS-u i tych zebranych przez portale randkowe wynika, że w Polsce w ciągu ostatnich 10 lat liczba osób żyjących samotnie wzrosła o 34 proc.
    3. Wśród krajów europejskich w niechlubnym rankingu zwycięża jednak Szwecja, w stolicy której samotnie mieszka aż 58 proc.(!) populacji. Z kolei w Stanach Zjednoczonych odsetek ten wynosi 27 proc. (w Nowym Jorku prawie 50 proc.) i cały czas rośnie – dla porównania w roku 1920 jednoosobowe gospodarstwo domowe prowadziło tam 5 proc. obywateli.

      Percentage of people living alone

    1. the market size: the global note-taking management software market is estimated to reach $1.35 billion by 2026, growing at a CAGR of 5.32% from 2019 to 2026greater scope for innovation: eg., be it creating a task list, a roadmap, or a design repository, Notion can handle it alllack of satisfaction: it’s noted that people always use a combination of note-taking apps and hardly stick to one for a long time

      Three reasons why we constantly see more note-taking apps, which in return increase our paradox of choice

    1. Jeffrey, B., Walters, C. E., Ainslie, K. E. C., Eales, O., Ciavarella, C., Bhatia, S., Hayes, S., Baguelin, M., Boonyasiri, A., Brazeau, N. F., Cuomo-Dannenburg, G., FitzJohn, R. G., Gaythorpe, K., Green, W., Imai, N., Mellan, T. A., Mishra, S., Nouvellet, P., Unwin, H. J. T., … Riley, S. (2020). Anonymised and aggregated crowd level mobility data from mobile phones suggests that initial compliance with COVID-19 social distancing interventions was high and geographically consistent across the UK. Wellcome Open Research, 5, 170. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15997.1

    1. One of these semiotizing processes is the extraction, interpretation and reintegration of web data from and into human subjectivities.

      Machine automation becomes another “subjectivity” or “agentivity”—an influential one, because it is the one filtering and pushing content to humans.

      The means of this automated subjectivity is feeding data capitalism: more content, more interaction, more behavioral data produced by the users—data which is then captured (“dispossessed”), extracted, and transformed into prediction services, which render human behavior predictable, and therefore monetizable (Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surviellance Capitalism, 2019).

    1. Fontanet, A., Tondeur, L., Madec, Y., Grant, R., Besombes, C., Jolly, N., Pellerin, S. F., Ungeheuer, M.-N., Cailleau, I., Kuhmel, L., Temmam, S., Huon, C., Chen, K.-Y., Crescenzo, B., Munier, S., Demeret, C., Grzelak, L., Staropoli, I., Bruel, T., … Hoen, B. (2020). Cluster of COVID-19 in northern France: A retrospective closed cohort study. MedRxiv, 2020.04.18.20071134. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.18.20071134

    1. Sapoval, N., Mahmoud, M., Jochum, M. D., Liu, Y., Elworth, R. A. L., Wang, Q., Albin, D., Ogilvie, H., Lee, M. D., Villapol, S., Hernandez, K., Berry, I. M., Foox, J., Beheshti, A., Ternus, K., Aagaard, K. M., Posada, D., Mason, C., Sedlazeck, F. J., & Treangen, T. J. (2020). Hidden genomic diversity of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for qRT-PCR diagnostics and transmission. BioRxiv, 2020.07.02.184481. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.02.184481

    1. Lavezzo, E., Franchin, E., Ciavarella, C., Cuomo-Dannenburg, G., Barzon, L., Del Vecchio, C., Rossi, L., Manganelli, R., Loregian, A., Navarin, N., Abate, D., Sciro, M., Merigliano, S., De Canale, E., Vanuzzo, M. C., Besutti, V., Saluzzo, F., Onelia, F., Pacenti, M., … Crisanti, A. (2020). Suppression of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in the Italian municipality of Vo’. Nature, 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2488-1

  3. Jun 2020
    1. Levita, L., Gibson Miller, J., Hartman, T. K., Murphy, J., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Mason, L., Martinez, A. P., bennett, kate m, Stocks, T. V. A., McKay, R., & Bentall, R. (2020). Report2: Impact of Covid-19 on young people aged 13-24 in the UK- preliminary findings [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/s32j8

    1. Rosenberg, E. S., Tesoriero, J. M., Rosenthal, E. M., Chung, R., Barranco, M. A., Styer, L. M., Parker, M. M., John Leung, S.-Y., Morne, J. E., Greene, D., Holtgrave, D. R., Hoefer, D., Kumar, J., Udo, T., Hutton, B., & Zucker, H. A. (2020). Cumulative incidence and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York. Annals of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.06.004

    1. n this project we see a shift from a citizen-based model to a consumer model for urban planning, where all citizens’ ‘personal and environmental data is an economic resource.’

      Called survillance capitlism

    1. Informal mentorship was captured using the following retrospective question from Wave 3 of the AddHealth data: "Other than your parents or step-parents, has an adult made an important positive difference in your life at any time since you were 14 years old?" Based on this question, I created a binary indicator for mentorship coded 1 if the young person had an informal mentor and 0 if they did not. Respondents were then asked "How is this person related to you?", and given response options like "family,""teacher/counselor,""friend's parent,""neighbor,"and "religious leader.

      Defining informal mentorship in the survey data

    2. Middle-income subsample 3,158

      Middle-income subsample for analysis was 3,158

    3. 1. "Middle-income" is defined as anyone living in a household making two-thirds to double the median income (Pew Research Center, 2016). In 1994, the median income for a family of four was $46,757(US Bureau of Statistics, 1996). Thus, "middle-income" families would be those making between $30,860 and $93,514. Because I only have data available in $25,000 increments, I am defining middle-income families as those making between $25,000 and $100,000 a year in Wave 1.

      Middle-income = families making $25k-$100k a year in Wave 1

    4. Defining low-,middle-, and high-income groupsDue to the limitation in the data described above, all incomes had to be converted in to categorical responses, with the smallest possible category size of $25,000 dollars. This created five categories for all incomes:

      Defining income groups: under $25k, $25k-$49999, $50k-$74999, $75k-$99999, and $100k+.

    5. Wave 1 income was collected as a continuous variable, with an average of $45,728, (N=15,351, SD=$51,616). Low-income respondents (with incomes below $25,000) had an average of $9,837 (N=3,049, SD=4,633). Wave 4 income was recorded as a categorical variable, however, where respondents indicated if they made under $5,000, between $5,000 and $10,000, between $10,000 and $15,000, etc. These categories were of different sizes, getting larger as the income grew larger. Therefore, in order to create comparable measures between Wave 1 and Wave 4, both incomes were converted to 5 groups, (1) household income of less than $25,000, (2) household income of $25,000 to $49,999, (3) household income of $50,000 to $74,000, (4) household income of $75,000 to $99,000, and (5) household income of over $100,000

      Upward mobility (dependent variable); data surrounding household incomes of Wave 1 and Wave 4

    6. stratum. This sampling method yielded a sample of 20,745 students in 7thto 12thgrade, with oversampling of some minority racialethnic groups, students with disabilities, and twins(Harris, 2018). Data were also collected from the parents of the in-home survey respondents, with an 85% success rate (Chen & Chantala, 2014).Wave 1 participants also reported their home address, which was then linked to a number of state-, county-, and Census tract-level variables from other sources. The present study used the school survey data, the in-home interview data, the parent survey data, and the data that was linked to state, county, and census-tracts, as described above. This study also used data from two subsequent waves of in-home interviews, specifically waves 3 and 4 (no new information relevant to the present study was collected in Wave 2). For each subsequent wave, AddHealth survey administrators recruited from the pool of Wave 1 respondents, no matter if they had responded to any wave since Wave 1. The present study used Wave 1 data for information about the youth’s socioeconomic status, social capital and other related variables. This wave collected from 1994 to 1995, when most respondents were between11 and 19 years old (n=20,745 youth) (Harris, 2013).This study also used information from the third wave of in-home interview data, namely all questions on informal mentoring. This wave wascollected in 2001 and 2002 when the youth (N=15,197) were 18 to 26 years old. The fourth wave of data was collected in 2008 and 2009, when the respondents were 25 to 33 years old (n=15,701). Data from the fourth wave wereused to calculate economic mobility, the key dependent variable for this study.

      Data source

    7. DataTo address these questions, this study used three wavesofthe restricted-use version of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth). AddHealth is a multi-wave longitudinal, nationally representative study of youth who have been followed since adolescence through to adulthood. The AddHealth data were collected by sampling 80 high schools stratified across region, school type, urbanicity, ethnic mix, and school size during the 1994-1995 academic year. Fifty-two feeder schools(commonly middle schools whose students were assumed to go to these study high schools)were also sampled, resulting in a total of 132 sample schools. (Chen & Chantala, 2014, Harris, 2013). When sample high schools had grades 7 to 12, feeder schools were not recruited, as the lower grades served the role of feeding in younger students (Chen, 2014). Seventy nine percent of schools approached agreed to be in the study (Chen & Chantala, 2014). An in-school survey was then administered to over 90,000 students from these 132 schools. This survey was given during a single day within a 45-to 60-minute class period (Chen & Chantala, 2014). Subsequent recruitment for in-home interviews was done by stratifying students in each school by grade and sex and then randomly choosing 17 students from each

      Data source

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    Annotators

    1. Governments’ use of purchased location data has exploded in recent months, as officials around the world have sought insights on how people are moving around during the Covid-19 pandemic. In general, governments have assured their citizens that any location data collected by the marketing industry and used by public health entities is anonymous. But the movements of a phone give strong clues to its ownership—for example, where the phone is located during the evenings and overnight is likely where the phone owner lives. The identity of the phone’s owner can further be corroborated if their workplace, place of worship, therapist’s office or other information about their real-world activities are known to investigators.

      private data is not anonymous as is purported

    1. Starr, T. N., Greaney, A. J., Hilton, S. K., Crawford, K. H., Navarro, M. J., Bowen, J. E., Tortorici, M. A., Walls, A. C., Veesler, D., & Bloom, J. D. (2020). Deep mutational scanning of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain reveals constraints on folding and ACE2 binding [Preprint]. Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.157982

    1. normalizing our dabatase will help us. What means normalize? Well, it simply means to separate our information as much as we can

      directly contradicts firebase's official advice: denormalize the structure by duplicating some of the data: https://youtu.be/lW7DWV2jST0?t=378

    1. Kucharski, A. J., Klepac, P., Conlan, A. J. K., Kissler, S. M., Tang, M. L., Fry, H., Gog, J. R., Edmunds, W. J., Emery, J. C., Medley, G., Munday, J. D., Russell, T. W., Leclerc, Q. J., Diamond, C., Procter, S. R., Gimma, A., Sun, F. Y., Gibbs, H. P., Rosello, A., … Simons, D. (2020). Effectiveness of isolation, testing, contact tracing, and physical distancing on reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in different settings: A mathematical modelling study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30457-6