Psychische Belastung: Jungen Menschen schlägt die Pandemie mehr aufs Gemüt als den Alten
Lena Stallmach (lsl. (2020, December 5). Psychische Belastung durch Covid-19: Senioren sind resilienter. Neue Zürcher Zeitung; Neue Zürcher Zeitung AG, Schweiz. https://www.nzz.ch/wissenschaft/psychische-belastung-durch-covid-19-senioren-sind-resilienter-ld.1589794
Meeting Products. (2020, September 16). https://commonfund.nih.gov/sobc-capstonemeeting/registration
PANDEMIC SHOCKS, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, MARKETS AND BEHAVIOURS Tickets, Tue, Dec 15 2020 at 17:00 | Eventbrite. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2021, from https://www.eventbrite.it/e/biglietti-pandemic-shocks-financial-institutions-markets-and-behaviours-131361717433?utm-medium=discovery&utm-campaign=social&utm-content=attendeeshare&aff=estw&utm-source=tw&utm-term=listing#
ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh] [2021-03-04} new updates to the SciBeh Vaccine wiki!. [Tweet] Twitter https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1355586136647856130
ReconfigBehSci {@SciBeh}. {2021-03-04] there will be many a wrong analysis as we cycle through the 1 year anniversary and there is nothing to mark this one out as uniquely bad, but what does seem surprising to me in hindsight is the confidence with which people pronounced given that this was a new disease.[Tweet}, Twitter. Retrieved from: twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1367531205198049285
Market, R. T. (n.d.). Build trust through criticism. Red Team Market. Retrieved 4 March 2021, from https://redteammarket.com/
Unrealistic optimism about future life events: A cautionary note. (n.d.). Retrieved March 4, 2021, from https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2010-22979-001.pdf?auth_token=a25fd4b7f008a50b15fd7b0f1fdb222fc38373f4
Oljača, M., Sadiković, S., Branovacki, B., Pajić, D., Smederevac, S., & Mitrović, D. (2020). Unrealistic optimism and HEXACO traits as predictors of risk perception and compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures during the first wave of pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rt64j
ReconfigBehSci. (2020, December 8). I’ve been pondering failed predictions today. A spectacular error of mine: In the early media rush to listen to scientists and doctors, I actually thought Western societies might be seeing the end of the “influencer” and a renewed interest in people who did stuff 1/2 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1336383952232308736
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 3 March 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1331901596863787008
Mike Quayle. (2020, November 26). @STWorg @SciBeh @jayvanbavel @UlliEcker @philipplenz6 @AnaSKozyreva @johnfocook ‘Well it’s not a moral dilemma!’ cry the academics as the leopard eats their faces 😜 [Tweet]. @Quayle. https://twitter.com/Quayle/status/1331918108349620230
I will give a modified version of what health care workers were advised during the worst of the shortages. Rotating a few is enough for disinfection. Just let them rest for a few days in a non-airtight container (like a paper bag or a Tupperware container with holes) and replace one only when it no longer fits well or the elastics have gone soft, or if it is soiled. It’s also good to use hand-sanitizer before putting them on and taking them off. Handle them gently, because a good fit is essential to getting the most out of it. My sense from having heard a lot from people using all the other disinfection methods, like heat, is that they just increase the risk of damaging the mask.
They've definitely buried the lede here, but this is the answer everyone will be looking for.
Many people have had to turn to social media to wade through all this, and that is quite unfortunate. There is a lot of excellent expertise out there, and one can find someone with the right credential on almost any claim. But experts with seemingly excellent credentials are contradicting one another all the time, as you saw. Plus, not everyone is equally good at communicating. Further, some discussions among experts — the nitty-gritty about some remote possibility that’s potentially concerning but not a big threat now — can frighten people without the background to appreciate the contexts.
This is a great synopsis of problems in science communication.
Greene, G. (1999). The Woman who Knew Too Much: Alice Stewart and the Secrets of Radiation. University of Michigan Press.
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @AdamJKucharski: Alice Stewart on epidemiology (from: Https://t.co/mt3pAwCLXP) https://t.co/P5oI6k4HjG’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 March 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1341017627746050049
Lakens, D. (2020, November 29). The 20% Statistician: Why I care about replication studies. The 20% Statistician. https://daniellakens.blogspot.com/2020/11/why-i-care-about-replication-studies.html
Airaksinen, J., Komulainen, K., Jokela, M., & Gluschkoff, K. (2021). Big Five personality traits and COVID-19 precautionary behaviors among older adults in Europe [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rvbjf
Drury, J., Rogers, M. B., Marteau, T., Yardley, L., Reicher, S., & Stott, C. (2021). Re-opening live events and large venues after Covid-19 ‘lockdown’: Behavioural risks and their mitigations. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ze8by
Baal, S. van, Walasek, L., & Hohwy, J. (2021). Staying home so you can keep going out: A multiplayer self-isolation game modelling pandemic behaviour. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mh69r
Szabelska, A., Pollet, T. V., Dujols, O., Klein, R. A., & IJzerman, H. (2021). A Tutorial for Exploratory Research: An Eight-Step Approach. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cy9mz
SocArXiv. (2020, May 30). You can always see the latest SocArXiv papers on COVID-19 topics here: Https://t.co/pzqftUqY81. You can comment using the @hypothes_is tool, and endorse using the @PlauditPub button. And add your own work, using the covid-19 tag. Https://t.co/owGxoaDfsJ [Tweet]. @socarxiv. https://twitter.com/socarxiv/status/1266796731527806983
ReconfigBehSci. (2020, November 9). Session 2: The policy interface followed with a really helpful presentation by Lindsey Pike, from Bristol, and then panel discussion with Mirjam Jenny (Robert Koch Insitute), Paulina Lang (UK Cabinet Office), Rachel McCloy (Reading Uni.), and Rene van Bavel (European Commission) [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1325795286065815552
Darren Dahly. (2020, October 28). Every so often I am reminded that there is an entire universe of people just casually giving out gazillions of wrong answers on researchgate like it’s no big deal, and it’s wild. [Tweet]. @statsepi. https://twitter.com/statsepi/status/1321432106824859651
Heyman, T., Moors, P., & Rabagliati, H. (2020). The benefits of adversarial collaboration for commentaries. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(12), 1217–1217. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00978-6
Peris, T. A., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2021). The Parents are Not Alright: A Call for Parental Mental Health Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xzf2c
Owens, C. (n.d.). Republicans are least likely to want the coronavirus vaccine. Axios. Retrieved 2 March 2021, from https://www.axios.com/republicans-coronavirus-vaccine-hesitancy-023bf32f-3d68-4206-b906-4f701b87c39f.html
Behaviour change: Guides for national and local government and partners. (n.d.). GOV.UK. Retrieved 1 March 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/behaviour-change-guide-for-local-government-and-partners
Behavioural Insights & COVID-19: Lessons From the Global South: Africa. (n.d.). Eventbrite. Retrieved 1 March 2021, from https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/137272183797?aff=efbneb
Abbasi, K. (2020). The curious case of the Danish mask study. BMJ, 371, m4586. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4586
Covid-19 transmission – Sense about Science. (n.d.). Retrieved 28 February 2021, from https://senseaboutscience.org/activities/covid-19-transmission/
I want pretty much all this stuff!
Partha, D., & David, P. A. (1994). Toward a new economics of science. Research Policy, 23(5), 487–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1
Pennycook, Gordon. ‘How the COVID-19 Crisis Exposes Widespread Climate Change Hypocrisy’. CBC, 22 May 2020. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/opinion-climate-change-should-believe-dont-understand-1.5482416.
Smaldino, Paul E., and Cailin O’Connor. ‘Interdisciplinarity Can Aid the Spread of Better Methods Between Scientific Communities’. MetaArXiv, 5 November 2020. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/cm5v3.
Armeni, Kristijan, Loek Brinkman, Rickard Carlsson, Anita Eerland, Rianne Fijten, Robin Fondberg, Vera Ellen Heininga, et al. ‘Towards Wide-Scale Adoption of Open Science Practices: The Role of Open Science Communities’. MetaArXiv, 6 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/7gct9.
How science can put the Sustainable Development Goals back on track. (2021). Nature, 589(7842), 329–330. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00104-0
Wang, X., Sirianni, A. D., Tang, S., Zheng, Z., & Fu, F. (2020). Public Discourse and Social Network Echo Chambers Driven by Socio-Cognitive Biases. Physical Review X, 10(4), 041042. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.041042
Imagining the Next Decade of Behavioral Science. (2020, January 20). Behavioral Scientist. https://behavioralscientist.org/imagining-the-next-decade-future-of-behavioral-science/
Nick Brown. (2020, November 27). A researcher reads an online news article about a family suicide in another country and writes it up more or less verbatim as a ‘case report’, with a spurious reference to homicide. WTF @wileyglobal? 10.1111/ppc.12686 News article (trans by Google in pic): Https://t.co/uPZeRPN4jg https://t.co/tHW1XQGRyl [Tweet]. @sTeamTraen. https://twitter.com/sTeamTraen/status/1332413218271195137
ReconfigBehSci. (2020, December 6). RT @statsepi: Lol ok. Https://t.co/eCPpU3Linv [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1335894181248643073
Scudellari, M. (2020). How the pandemic might play out in 2021 and beyond. Nature, 584(7819), 22–25. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02278-5
Brian Nosek. (2020, December 5). We need a #2020goodnews trend. Here’s one: Science keeps getting more open. One indicator from @OSFramework: OSF users posted 9,349 files of data or other research content PER DAY OSF users made 5,633 files public PER DAY EVERY DAY in 2020 #openscience is accelerating [Tweet]. @BrianNosek. https://twitter.com/BrianNosek/status/1335210552252125184
Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Download the complete Review Process [PDF] including:
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Else, H. (2020). How a torrent of COVID science changed research publishing—In seven charts. Nature, 588(7839), 553–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-03564-y
Helland, M. S., Lyngstad, T. H., Holt, T., Larsen, L., & Røysamb, E. (2020, December 7). Effects of Covid-19 lockdown on parental functioning in vulnerable families. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nm7te
Jans-Beken, L. (2020, November 25). A Perspective on Mature Gratitude as a Way of Coping with COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.632911
Giesbrecht, G. (2020, October 2). Protocol for the Canadian Pregnancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic study. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w8hd5
Dr Elaine Toomey on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 24 February 2021, from https://twitter.com/ElaineToomey1/status/1357343820417933316
Facebook, Twitter, options, S. more sharing, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Email, URLCopied!, C. L., & Print. (2021, February 23). California’s coronavirus strain looks increasingly dangerous: ‘The devil is already here’. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2021-02-23/california-homegrown-coronavirus-strain-looks-increasingly-transmissible-and-dangerous
Bharti, N. (2021). Linking human behaviors and infectious diseases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(11). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101345118
The COVID-19 Vaccine Communication Handbook. (n.d.). HackMD. Retrieved 23 February 2021, from https://hackmd.io/@scibehC19vax/home
Oreskes, N. (2019). Systematicity is necessary but not sufficient: On the problem of facsimile science. Synthese, 196(3), 881–905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-017-1481-1
Aczel, Balazs, Marton Kovacs, and Rink Hoekstra. ‘The Role of Human Fallibility in Psychological Research: A Survey of Mistakes in Data Management’. PsyArXiv, 5 November 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xcykz.
Ledgerwood, Alison, Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn Hudson, Jr Neil Lewis, Keith Maddox, Cynthia Pickett, Jessica Remedios, Sapna Cheryan, et al. ‘The Pandemic as a Portal: Reimagining Psychological Science as Truly Open and Inclusive’. PsyArXiv, 11 January 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gdzue.
Illustration by Shout
I really love this illustration.
Joe. (2021, January 26). Crystal Prison Zone: I tried to report scientific misconduct. How did it go? Crystal Prison Zone. http://crystalprisonzone.blogspot.com/2021/01/i-tried-to-report-scientific-misconduct.html
Turk, E., Čelik, T., Smrdu, M., Šet, J., Kuder, A., Gregorič, M., & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2021). ADHERENCE TO COVID-19 MITIGATION MEASURES IN SLOVENIA: THE ROLE OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND PERSONALITY FACTORS. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hrfyk
ReconfigBehSci. (2021, January 15). RT @MaartenvSmeden: The infamous retracted Hydroxychloroquire Lancet article? Cited.... 883 TIMES https://t.co/Zinyel2d8i [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1351111003283578883
ReconfigBehSci. (2021, January 18). Calling lawyers, historians, and political scientists. A thread on the value of life. I’m still stunned by Lord Sumption, ex-judge on UK’s Supreme Court, now anti-lockdown campaigner, publicly stating that the life of a woman with stage 4 bowel cancer was ‘less valuable’ 1/4 [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1351118909886312449
Psychologists, at least psychologists who write textbooks, not only show no interest in the origin and development of love or affection, but they seem to be unaware of its very existence.
There is little to no information about love in our textbook, which leads me to believe that love is one emotion that was not historically explored.
Ogbunu, B. C. (2020, October 27). The Science That Spans #MeToo, Memes, and Covid-19. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/the-science-that-spans-metoo-memes-and-covid-19/
Horton, Richard. ‘Offline: Science and Politics in the Era of COVID-19’. The Lancet 396, no. 10259 (24 October 2020): 1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32221-2.
Konstantinos, A. (2021). Tips on countering conspiracy theories and misinformaton. CommsFlyer.
Marshall, M. (2021). COVID’s toll on smell and taste: What scientists do and don’t know. Nature, 589(7842), 342–343. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00055-6
Tang, J. W., Bahnfleth, W. P., Bluyssen, P. M., Buonanno, G., Jimenez, J. L., Kurnitski, J., Li, Y., Miller, S., Sekhar, C., Morawska, L., Marr, L. C., Melikov, A. K., Nazaroff, W. W., Nielsen, P. V., Tellier, R., Wargocki, P., & Dancer, S. J. (2021). Dismantling myths on the airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Journal of Hospital Infection, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.12.022
Petersen, M., Christiansen, L. E., Bor, A., Lindholt, M. F., Jørgensen, F. J., Adler-Nissen, R., … Lehmann, S. (2021, February 9). Communicate Hope to Motivate Action Against Highly Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Variants. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gxcyn
Longoni, C., Fradkin, A., Cian, L., & Pennycook, G. (2021, February 16). News from Artificial Intelligence is Believed Less. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wgy9e
Abir, Y., Marvin, C., van Geen, C., Leshkowitz, M., Hassin, R., & Shohamy, D. (2020, November 11). Rational Curiosity and Information-Seeking in the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hcta4
Margraf, J., Brailovskaia, J., & Schneider, S. (2020, November 11). AdherenceCovid19Mortality, Margraf_Preprint. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2ht75
the “replication crisis,” the realization that supposed scientific truths are often just plain wrong.
A book on why science is not what it used to be (and workarounds, but not listed in the opening, but many review beneath).
List of bad science!
Smrdu, M., Kuder, A., Turk, E., Čelik, T., Šet, J., & Kralj-Fišer, S. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: Associations with personality and stress components. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7f6q3
David Dye. (2021, January 26). So if you work somewhere already like this maybe suggest how to really run a WFH/mobile collaboration uni, and how we re-tool the physical meeting place we then in light of that? Maybe the philosophers already know this?? [Tweet]. @DavidDye9. https://twitter.com/DavidDye9/status/1354176181042556929
Debunking Handbook 2020 | Center For Climate Change Communication. (n.d.). Retrieved 16 February 2021, from https://www.climatechangecommunication.org/debunking-handbook-2020/
Chen, Y.-H., Glymour, M., Riley, A., Balmes, J., Duchowny, K., Harrison, R., Matthay, E., & Bibbins-Domingo, K. (2021). Excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic among Californians 18–65 years of age, by occupational sector and occupation: March through October 2020. MedRxiv, 2021.01.21.21250266. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.21.21250266
Sanders, J., Tosi, A., Obradović, S., Miligi, I., & Delaney, L. (2021). Lessons from lockdown: Media discourse on the role of behavioural science in the UK COVID-19 response. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dw85a
Although Haldaneobserved thatthe progress of science had been staggeringly rapid in the last hundred and forty years, he considered it, “quite as likely as not that scientific research may ultimately bestrangled in some such way as this before mankind has learned to control its own evolution.”
Again considering Hall's Where Is My Flying Car? one could argue that this is exactly what has happened with respect to nuclear power and the original acceleration we were heading for that stalled in the 20th century.
John Burdon Sanderson Haldane was the son of the leading Scottish physiologist, John Scott Haldane, from whom J.B.S. learned “the fundamentals of science,”an education that began very early in his life.Throughout the younger Haldane’s youth, the pair undertook many “legendary and daring physiological experiments,”
Another father-son pair.
Perez Santangelo, A., & Solovey, G. (2020, November 9). Time to Shine: Reliable Response-Timing Using R-Shiny for Online Experiments. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nuxdg
Lalwani, P., Fansher, M., Lewis, R., Boduroglu, A., Shah, P., Adkins, T. J., … Jonides, J. (2020, November 8). Misunderstanding “Flattening the Curve”. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/whe6q
Lakens, D. (2019, November 18). The Value of Preregistration for Psychological Science: A Conceptual Analysis. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/jbh4w
Cantwell, O., & Kushlev, K. (2020, October 31). Anxiety Talking: Does Anxiety Predict Sharing Information about COVID-19?. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ah528
Jacobson, N. C., Price, G., Song, M., Wortzman, Z., Nguyen, N. D., & Klein, R. J. (2020, October 27). Machine Learning Models Predicting Daily Affective Dynamics Via Personality and Psychopathology Traits. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2zgv6
David Oliver: Covid deniers’ precarious Jenga tower is collapsing on contact with reality. (2021, February 1). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/02/01/david-oliver-covid-deniers-precarious-jenga-tower-is-collapsing-on-contact-with-reality/
Kramer, P., & Bressan, P. (2021). Infection threat shapes our social instincts. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/pbf4d
Tomfohr-Madsen, L., Giesbrecht, G., Lebel, C., Racine, N., & Madigan, S. (2021). Depression and Anxiety in Pregnancy during COVID-19: A Rapid Review and Meta-Analysis. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/n8b7x
Instead of sharing the data and the code that produces their results, most scientists simply publish a textual description of their research in online publications.
Science is suffering when scientist compete by uphelding their data.
violates our expectation that hard things should be technical
So the hard and unsolvable problem becomes: how up-to-date do you really need to be?
After considering the value we place, and the tradeoffs we make, when it comes to knowing anything of significance, I think it becomes much easier to understand why cache invalidation is one of the hard problems in computer science
the crux of the problem is: trade-offs
the 2 hardest problems in computer science are essentially the 2 hardest problems of life in general, as far as humans and information are concerned.
The non-determinism is why cache invalidation — and that other hard problem, naming things — are uniquely and intractably hard problems in computer science. Computers can perfectly solve deterministic problems. But they can’t predict when to invalidate a cache because, ultimately, we, the humans who design and build computational processes, can’t agree on when a cache needs to be invalidated.
Sometimes humorously extended as “cache invalidation, naming things, and off-by-one errors.”
There’s only one hard thing in Computer Science: human communication. The most complex part of cache invalidation is figuring out what the heck people mean with the word cache. Once you get that sorted out, the rest is not that complicated; the tools are out there, and they’re pretty good.
GCS. ‘GCS Launches New Behaviour Change Guide’. Accessed 8 February 2021. https://gcs.civilservice.gov.uk/news/gcs-launches-new-behaviour-change-guide/.
Kossowska, M., Szwed, P., & Czarnek, G. (2021, February 3). Ideology shapes trust in scientists and attitudes towards vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hcbmw
Reinders Folmer, C., Brownlee, M., Fine, A., Kuiper, M. E., Olthuis, E., Kooistra, E. B., … van Rooij, B. (2020, October 7). Social Distancing in America: Understanding Long-term Adherence to Covid-19 Mitigation Recommendations. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/457em
Niemi, L., Kniffin, K. M., & Doris, J. M. (2020, October 23). It’s Not the Flu: Popular perceptions of the impact of COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7dm4p
Το να πούμε, όπως λέχθηκε απ’ όσους υπέγραψαν την «Έκκληση της Χαϊλδεβέργης» (την οποία, από την πλευρά μου, μάλλον θα ονόμαζα Έκκληση της Νυρεμβέργης), ότι η επιστήμη και μόνο η επιστήμη μπορεί να λύσει όλα τα προβλήματα, είναι αποκαρδιωτικό.
Π.χ. στην έκκληση της Χαϊδελβέργης, που υπέγραψαν 264 επιστήμονες, με αφορμή τη Συνδιάσκεψη για το περιβάλλον στο Ρίο ντε Ζανέιρο το 1993, υπήρχαν ανάμεσά τους και 59 νομπελίστες που απέρριπταν την οικολογία σαν μια «άλογη ιδεολογία που αντιτίθεται στην επιστημονική και βιομηχανική πρόοδο»
The “honest and accurate” science that society expects relies in part on skepticism, the willingness to doubt results and, when possible, to carefully replicate their findings.
But missing from the third edition is skepticism, one of the fundamental elements of doing science.
best-available evidence—ie, in formal evidence synthesis.
The courses span a suite of synthesis methods, including systematic review and systematic mapping, stakeholder engagement in evidence synthesis, and evidence synthesis technology.
Because there is no time left for trial and error and since resources for organising a transformation into a carbon‐neutral world are inherently limited, decision‐making on climate solutions needs to be based on the best available evidence.
Evidence synthesis, which collates, appraises, and summarises results from individual studies across an evidence base and makes them available for policy advice, is particularly well organised in the health sciences; a key role is played here by the global knowledge network Cochrane, founded in 1993 and seated in London. T
Zacher, H., & Rudolph, C. (2021, January 26). Big Five Traits as Predictors of Stressfulness During the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nyd8a
Singh, M., Richie, R., & Bhatia, S. (2020, October 7). Representing and Predicting Everyday Behavior. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kb53h
Harvey. N.,(2020) Behavioral Fatigue: Real Phenomenon, Naïve Construct, or Policy Contrivance? Frontiers in Psychology. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.589892/full
Science’s culture of critique discourages groupthink, countermands the effects of human biases, and protects knowledge, not only by rewarding a dispassionate stance toward the subject and institutionalizing organized skepticism but also by fostering competition among scientists able to replicate and hence challenge each other’s work.
Great aspirations, but how well are they actually achieved in practice/reality?
ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh] (2020-01-27) new post on Scibeh's meta-science reddit describing the new rubric for peer review of preprints aimed at broadening the pool of potential 'reviewers' so that students could provide evaluations as well! https://reddit.com/r/BehSciMeta/comments/l64y1l/reviewing_peer_review_does_the_process_need_to/ please take a look and provide feedback! Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1354456393877749763
Schmid, P., Rauber, D., Betsch, C., Lidolt, G., & Denker, M.-L. (2017). Barriers of Influenza Vaccination Intention and Behavior – A Systematic Review of Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy, 2005 – 2016. PLoS ONE, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170550
Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Rothman, A. J., Leask, J., & Kempe, A. (2017). Increasing Vaccination: Putting Psychological Science Into Action. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 18(3), 149–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100618760521
Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Rothman, A. J., Leask, J., & Kempe, A. (2017). Increasing Vaccination: Putting Psychological Science Into Action. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 18(3), 149–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100618760521
Grossmann, I., Twardus, O., Varnum, M. E. W., Jayawickreme, E., & McLevey, J. (2021). Societal Change and Wisdom: Insights from the World after Covid Project. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yma8f
Yesterday was the day that NASA, NOAA, the Hadley Centre and Berkeley Earth delivered their final assessments for temperatures in Dec 2020, and thus their annual summaries. The headline results have received a fair bit of attention in the media (NYT, WaPo, BBC, The Guardian etc.) and the conclusion that 2020 was pretty much tied with 2016 for the warmest year in the instrumental record is robust.
Links zur Berichterstattung in der englischsprachigen Presse. Der Artikel geht vor allem auf die Sicherheit und Unsicherheit der Angaben zur Durchschnittstemperatur ein.
Nuijten, M. B. (2020). Efficient Scientific Self-Correction in Times of Crisis. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9hc8z
SPARC (2020) We Declared Independence and so can you. Retrieved from https://declaring-independence.org/
Grundy. E., (2020) SCRUB PROJECT WAVE 4: AUSTRALIANS’ VIEWS ON PRIVATE GATHERINGS, REMOTE WORKING AND GETTING TESTED. Behaviour Works Australia. Retrieved from https://www.behaviourworksaustralia.org/scrub-project-wave-4-australians-views-on-private-gatherings-remote-working-and-getting-tested/
Weingarten. E., Chen. Q., McAdams., Yi. J., (2016). From Primed Concepts to Action: A Meta-Analysis of the BehavioralEffects of Incidentally Presented Words. Psychological Bulletin 2016 (142) pp 472-497.
Bargain. O., Aminjonov. U., (2020) Trust and Compliance to Public Health Policies in Times of COVID-19. Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13205/
Abel. M., Brown. W., (2020) Prosocial Behavior in the Time of COVID-19: The Effect of Private and Public Role Models. Institute of labor and economics. Retrieved from:https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13207/
Briscese. G., Lacetera. N., Macis. M., Tonin. M., (2020) Compliance with COVID-19 Social-Distancing Measures in Italy: The Role of Expectations and Duration. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13092/
Naudé. W., (2020). Artificial Intelligence against COVID-19: An Early Review. Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13110/
u/acholcombe (2020, August 6) Trust in scientific findings and experts, but, rationally, not in what experts tell us to do. Reddit. Retrieved from: https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciMeta/comments/i4cxtz/trust_in_scientific_findings_and_experts_but/g1f5z2n/
Marples. M. (2020) Pandemic denial: Why some people can't accept Covid-19's realities. CNN health. Retrieved from: https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/16/health/pandemic-covid-19-denial-mental-health-wellness/index.html
ReconfigBehSci[@SciBeh}(2020, August) Videos of talks from July's eBridges conference on "SOCIETY, PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR DURING AND POST COVID-19 LOCKDOWN" are now all available here: Twitter. Retrieved from:https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1297863598144999424
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: “The Psychological Science Behind Vaccinations Featured research on https://t.co/IsJTrfoozB https://t.co/BF4BoDWGpY” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1335908317617680385
Organization, W. H. (2020). Behavioural considerations for acceptance and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines: WHO technical advisory group on behavioural insights and sciences for health, meeting report, 15 October 2020. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/337335
Zhang, S. (2020, November 18). The End of the Pandemic Is Now in Sight. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/11/vaccines-end-covid-19-pandemic-sight/617141/
However, there is still a gap in research efforts moving from laboratory studies to real-world settings. A small number of research has verified when a physiological response is a reaction to an extrinsic stimulus of the participant’s environment in real-world settings.
Ways will be found to make communities sustainable,
Ways will also be found to legibilize the deliberately inscrutable. With biomed funding so centralized, forces can be applied to increase the adoption of practices like data sharing and open science.
Scientific work must therefore be spiritually, organizationally, and materially decoupled from the forces of science at scale. The way to achieve this is to give primacy to the organization of small groups and the space for those groups to develop their own norms.
Which is the opposite of the vision Xi Jinpeng has for science
Progress in a scientific field has never been a function of total effort.
Which is why Total Factor Productivity is not a good measure.
In our time, machine learning conference attendance and submission rates continue to compound, often outstripping the doubling of Moore's law the discipline relies on to make any forward progress. The quality of results in these and other fields since the vast expansion of their communities has not increased.
Just wait until you see what publishers have planned for India and China
Communities break down with scale, losing the vitality they had when small and ultimately becoming an undifferentiated mass with an enormous diffusion of focus, to the point that any given group of sufficient scale is not really differentiable from any other.
Going local, again. Need a solution for scaling the commons.
However, by the time scientific studies make it to the real world, shortcomings and limitations are removed to present palatable (and often wrong) conclusions to a general audience.
Moher D, Bouter L, Kleinert S, Glasziou P, Sham MH, Barbour V, et al. (2020) The Hong Kong Principles for assessing researchers: Fostering research integrity. PLoS Biol 18(7): e3000737. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000737
Dhami. M., Weiss-cohen. L., Ayton. P., (2020) Are people experiencing the ‘pains of imprisonment’ during the Covid-19 lockdown? PsyArXiv Preprints. Retrieved from: https://psyarxiv.com/5xwbs/
The response of the science settlers to the serious questions that have been raised about their unscientific advocacy has been to demand a more closed system, to hide more data, to urge newspapers to stop printing letters from anyone who questions Global Warming and to even propose the imprisonment of Warming critics.
Science deniers.
The science of the "Science is settled" crowd isn't an open system of skeptical inquiry, but a closed system of centralized authority funded and controlled by special interests, beholden to political agendas and intolerant of dissent. It has the same relationship to science that the various People's Democracies had to democracy.
They try to mold our opinions so we are more amenable to their agendas.
But this vision of science as an absolute, a post-modern abstract oracle, is less true than it ever was. Science is a state of uncertainty.
Science is a process.
It isn't science that gives a thing legitimacy, but the processes of thinking and testing that do.
The process makes science.
The worship of the expert class is no more credible for PhD's than it is for witch doctors.
The tyranny of experts.
A scientist who does not utilize the scientific method is as much use as a carpenter who cannot make chairs or a plumber who cannot fix toilets. A science that exists as a fixed absolute, whose premises are not to be questioned, whose data is not to be examined and whose conclusions are not to be debated, is a pile of wood or a leaky toilet. Not the conclusion of a process, but its absence.
Understanding science is a process.
Katy Milkman on how to nudge people to accept a covid-19 vaccine. (2020, November 30). The Economist. https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2020/11/30/katy-milkman-on-how-to-nudge-people-to-accept-a-covid-19-vaccine
To the brain, reading computer code is not the same as reading language Neuroscientists find that interpreting code activates a general-purpose brain network, but not language-processing centers.
Summary of the article:
Stuaert Rtchie [@StuartJRitchie] (2020) This encapsulates the problem nicely. Sure, there’s a paper. But actually read it & what do you find? p-values mostly juuuust under .05 (a red flag) and a sample size that’s FAR less than “25m”. If you think this is in any way compelling evidence, you’ve totally been sold a pup. Twitter. Retrieved from:https://twitter.com/StuartJRitchie/status/1305963050302877697
Jarecki, J. B., & Wilke, A. (2018). Into the black box: Tracing information about risks related to 10 evolutionary problems. Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, 12(3), 230–244. Retrieved from: https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Febs0000123
Cargnino. M., Neubaum. G., Winter. S., (2020) We're a Good Match: Selective Political Friending on Social Networking Sites. PSyarxiv. Retrieved from: https://psyarxiv.com/9dmgf/
Lakens. D. Etz.. A. J. (2020) Too True to be Bad: When Sets of Studies With Significant and Nonsignificant Findings Are Probably True. Pubmed. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29276574/
ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh] (2020) SciBeh is organising a workshop on "Building an online information environment for policy relevant science" Mark the date, Nov. 9/10, 2020, join us, contact us with thoughts and suggestions, and RT!. Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1309436825753260032
US, J. R. E., Christian Meissner,Deborah Goldfarb,Ian Jason Lee,The Conversation. (n.d.). New DIY Contact Tracing App Is Based on the Science of Memory. Scientific American. Retrieved December 10, 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/new-diy-contact-tracing-app-is-based-on-the-science-of-memory/
A Marm Kilpatrick. (2020, December 8). FDA Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine efficacy results are great, but aren’t nearly as great as presented for severe infections. Everyone has seen fig below on cases in vaccine (blue) & placebo (red) over time. Thread. Https://t.co/vlZyZgJ7hr https://t.co/9ZWeWCko1x [Tweet]. @DiseaseEcology. https://twitter.com/DiseaseEcology/status/1336446195284070400
limpieza de sangre, or purity of blood, developed in thefifteenth century todistinguish between“Old Christians”and those of Jewish, Muslim, orheretical origin, also shaped Iberian ideas of difference between Africansand Europeans.
limpieza de sangre
with the help of new generations of innovators and explorers, these visions of the future can become a reality. As you look through these images of imaginative travel destinations, remember that you can be an architect of the future
These are really beautiful and inspiring posters.
Via @chrisaldrich
Explore the reach of scientific research in policy
The Trump team (and much of the GOP) is working backwards, desperately trying to find something, anything to support the president’s aggrieved feelings, rather than objectively considering the evidence and reacting as warranted.
What do you expect after they've spent four years doing the same thing day in and day out?
Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2020). The Cognitive Science of Fake News. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ar96c
Grant, S., Wendt, K., Leadbeater, B. J., Supplee, L. H., Mayo-Wilson, E., Gardner, F., & Bradshaw, C. (2020). Transparent, Open, and Reproducible Prevention Science. MetaArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/d2y43
Soderberg, C. K., Errington, T., Schiavone, S. R., Bottesini, J. G., Thorn, F. S., Vazire, S., Esterling, K. M., & Nosek, B. A. (2020). Research Quality of Registered Reports Compared to the Traditional Publishing Model. MetaArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/7x9vy
We’re learning to trust our science as a society.
Who is "We?"
A standard example of a non-personalized nudge involves retirement planning. An employer could (i) leave it to employees to set-up their 401K plans and decide how much to save or (ii) set up the plans by default so that a predetermined amount is saved automatically and allow employees to make adjustments. Saving by default is an architected choice that relies on two facts: first, people often fail to set up a retirement plan, which is a social problem, and second, people tend to stick with default rules. Thus, by choosing option (ii), the choice architect nudges people to start with the better position for them and society.
The non-personalized nudge
An employer can choose to let their employee set up their own pensions plan or set them up with a default plan and allow them to change. The second scenario is an "architected choice" that relies on two phenomena:
The default plan is a non-personalized nudge which (supposedly) benefits the people as well as society.
This reminds me of Michael Malice's idea of "the people that need leaders are not able to pick good ones".
We found that those medications, some of them at least 40 years past their manufacture date, still retained full potency
COVID-19: The 9/11 Moment for Global Public Health? Dr. Richard Horton and Clive Cookson. (2020, September 1). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97iJIwBQ5qE&feature=youtu.be
ORWG Virtual Meeting 08/09/2020 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLOA0aRJ90NxvXtMt5Si5ukmR9LYfvDueB (n.d.)
Brous, P., & Janssen, M. (2020). Trusted Decision-Making: Data Governance for Creating Trust in Data Science Decision Outcomes. Administrative Sciences, 10(4), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10040081
Schmid, P., Schwarzer, M., & Betsch, C. (n.d.). Weight-of-Evidence Strategies to Mitigate the Influence of Messages of Science Denialism in Public Discussions. Journal of Cognition, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.125
Proposing a PSA-affiliated paid translation service with a first focus on Africa. (2020, October 14). https://corelab.blog/psatranslation/
Jeremy Farrar on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://twitter.com/JeremyFarrar/status/1318983210282459136
Open Science Community Tilburg on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 28, 2020, from https://twitter.com/OpenTilburg/status/1318518990000607234
We have increased the power of gossip-mongers and correspondingly reduced the power of elite institutions of the 20th century, including politicians, mainstream media, and scientists.
The scaling up of the gossip mechanism on top of ISS has resulted in an increase in power for gossip mongers and a decrease in power of the institutions we relied on before: politicians, mainstream media, scientists.
Outbreak.info. (n.d.). Outbreak.Info. Retrieved October 25, 2020, from https://outbreak.info/
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 25, 2020, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1318119595497168897
Royal Statistical Society on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved October 25, 2020, from https://twitter.com/RoyalStatSoc/status/1317133702183456769
Escaping science’s paradox. (n.d.). Works in Progress. Retrieved 21 October 2020, from https://www.worksinprogress.co/issue/escaping-sciences-paradox/
Aschwanden, C. (n.d.). Debunking the False Claim That COVID Death Counts Are Inflated. Scientific American. Retrieved 21 October 2020, from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/debunking-the-false-claim-that-covid-death-counts-are-inflated/
https://realrisk.wintoncentre.uk/. Retrieved 16-10-2020
Science as Amateur Software Development. (2020, September 26). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwRdO9_GGhY&feature=youtu.be
IJzerman, H., Lewis, N. A., Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., DeBruine, L., Ritchie, S. J., Vazire, S., Forscher, P. S., Morey, R. D., Ivory, J. D., & Anvari, F. (2020). Use caution when applying behavioural science to policy. Nature Human Behaviour, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00990-w
AI and control of Covid-19 coronavirus. (n.d.). Artificial Intelligence. Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https://www.coe.int/en/web/artificial-intelligence/ai-and-control-of-covid-19-coronavirus
People with poor numerical literacy “more susceptible” to Covid-19 “fake news.” (2020, October 13). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/14/poor-numerical-literacy-linked-to-greater-susceptibility-to-covid-19-fake-news