Agarwal, A. (2020). Ripple Effect of a Pandemic: Analysis of the Psychological Stress Landscape during COVID19. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nat49

4chan is reasonably unique in the current online landscape, in that it permits conversation by totally anonymous users. This allows its users to post without much thought about their privacy status, which they often take for granted. This unique level of privacy fostered by anonymity, in a way, partially delivers on the Cyberspace rhetoric of the 1990s in that people can't be judged by their physical identities unless they offer identifying information up themselves. That's not to say that 4chan is a welcoming space for all (or even most) users, though, as it has been acknowledged, even later here in Ellis' article, that 4chan houses plenty of white supremacist tendencies, but, strictly speaking, as far as one's ideas go, they are judged purely based on their merit so long as no additional personal identifiers are offered. As Dillon Ludemann notes in his paper, /pol/emics: Ambiguity, scales, and digital discourse on 4chan, white supremacy, as well as other, "practiced and perceived deviancy is due to the default blanket of anonymity, and the general discourse of the website encourages users to remain unnamed. This is further enforced and embodied as named users, colloquially known as 'namefags,' are often vilified for their separation from the anonymous collective community" (Ludemann, 2018).

Hypothetically, since all users start out as anonymous, one could also present their identity however they so please on the platform, and in theory what this means is that the technology behind the site promotes identity exploration (and thus cyberspace rhetoric), even though in practice, what most users experience is latent racism that depends on users' purposefully offered identifying information or generalized white supremacist posts that are broadcasted for all on the site to see.

Work Cited:

Ludemann, D. (2018). /pol/emics: Ambiguity, scales, and digital discourse on 4chan. Discourse, Context & Media, 24, 92-98. doi: 10.1016/j.dcm.2018.01.010

The impact of Covid-19 on media – rise of infodemics? (2020, September 16). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QapwrR9C3Z4&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=InternationalDayofDemocracyEU

Online Research Tools and Techniques. (2020, September 16). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGWqBtDkOFs

Why on earth not? There's nothing wrong with reusing the same answer if it can work for multiple questions. That's called being efficient. It would be stupid to write a new answer from scratch when you already have one that can work very well and fits the question very well.

Elmas, T., Overdorf, R., Akgül, Ö. F., & Aberer, K. (2020). Misleading Repurposing on Twitter. ArXiv:2010.10600 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.10600

Yes that was the impression I hot. Because of this misconception I feel that many of us students sometimes hold... Reality is that real students feel real anxiety in the midst of sharing information.

Using video is more than content delivery. When employing universal design to the video content the asset will support critical and digital learning outcomes.

A followup to studies of community college students in Virginia and Washington, this national study found that students who enrolled in online classes early in their college careers were more likely to complete their degrees. This was true even though students in online classes are somewhat less prepared than those in in person classes. One difference may be that this study was published a few years after the Virginia one, and more students were enrolled in online classes by then. 9/10

This short article links Anderson and McCormick's pedagogical principles for online learning with Knowles' andragogical assumptions about adult learning. 8/10

The authors discuss the issue of community and engagement in online graduate programs. They carried out a small case study and used a Cognitive Apprenticeship Model to examine a successful program in Higher Education. They found that students feel too many online classes are just reading and writing, regurgitating rather than applying, and lack sufficient connection with the instructor and with other students, They recommend some strategies to fix that, but admit that more work is needed. 9/10

Researchers studied students cognitive-affective states doing online learning in 3 separate, very different studies, among different student populations, ranging from 12-year-olds to college students. They found that, contrary to prior assumptions, frustration did not necessarily have negative learning outcomes. Boredom tended to last longest of the cognitive-affective states covered, led to the greatest attempts to game the system, and had the least successful learning outcomes. Confusion was sometimes beneficial and sometimes harmful. Therefore, online learning environments should be developed that guard against boredom and perhaps confusion, rather than frustration. 8/10

Based on research and two small scale case studies, some students in online learning are intrinsically motivated, but others need to be motivated by the teacher and material. External influences such as deadlines and grades also influenced student motivation. Identified regulation, that is, knowing why the activity is valuable and important, make a very big difference in student motivation. This brings us back to the andragogical idea that the assignments should involve real-world situations and be applicable to students' lives. 9/10

The authors outline four general research goals, and then go into detail on some of the questions that should be researched within those areas. They then suggest four methodologies to use in designing students to research those questions: formative, developmental, and experimental research and activity theory. All of these could help include online learning in terms of learner achievement, engagement, and retention. 9/10

This article emphasizes the importance of creating online programs that have learning objectives that correspond to learners' real-world needs. It examines Knowles' Andragogical Model to provide guidelines for incorporating adult learning principles into course design. 10/10, very good blend of strategy and theory.

This article looks at the gap between teacher efficiency in in-person versus online teaching and the need to effectively build teachers' competencies in the are of technology to ensure teachers are not incompetent at teaching online. This study collected data from 122 English language teachers and used the findings to create a blueprint for other institutions hoping to increases teachers' ability to successfully integrate technology into their lessons. 6/10, the study was too small to be truly persuasive scientifically and the findings were more helpful for institutions rather than individual educators.

This article showcases a framework for course design using theory and research in the learning sciences. It defines student-centered learning and explains how it can/ should be used in the creation of the course and when establishing which theories and methods to structure the course around. 9/10, very detailed source.

The authors study blogs, virtual worlds, discussion boards, and wikis and gathers student feedback on integrating those technologies into a class. The authors believed that students needed a digital presence to be successful in online learning. Instructor presence is also important and both can help participants in the class realize that there are real people in the class. The results of the studies show that integrating technology for collaboration should be done with careful design by the teacher, that as students are exposed to tools they find ones that work best for them, and that for students who have little exposure to technology the teacher should provide scaffolding to help them develop a digital presence. The studies were conducted in one region in Australia and I would like to see similar studies with learners from a broader area. 8/10

Article explores how digital learners interface with content in a virtual setting. Some of the learning tools included blogs, discussion boards, wikis, virtual worlds, etc. Study shows that the digital environment can be just as effective as F2F for promoting higher level thinking and learning. Article also discusses learners perceptions of the tools and self reflection about their learning in these environments. Rating 8/10

The author, Stefan Hrastinski, is a Professor at the Division of Digital Learning and Director of Research Education at the Department of Learning in Engineering Sciences at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. Hrastinski notes the term "blended learning" originated in the 1990's, but is often over generalized. Hrastinski proposes several blended learning models, blended learning conceptualizations, and proposes recomendations for future research.

Rating: 6/10

The authors discuss the problem of teacher immediacy and presence in online courses. They propose that this problem must be solved as online instruction becomes increasingly popular. The researchers survey multiple students at Weber State University and present their process, results, and communication theory. They conclude that short videos tangibly increase instructor online presence. And, short videos directed at individual students have an even greater positive impact.

Rating: 10/10

The authors of this article question the effectiveness of video-based online learning. The authors/researchers studied multiple undergraduate level online courses. Information was gathered via student surveys and interviews. The researchers present four themes found through the study, which include varying video use frequency, balancing time and level of understanding to achieve learning efficiency, manipulation of video functions to achieve learning efficiency, and reliance upon multiple tools.

Rating: 5/10

This article, published by the College of DuPage, gives an introduction to hybrid learning environments. The authors outline the benefits of hybrid learning, how to utilize time wisely, the student experience (both in person and online), and how to structure and plan hybrid courses.

Rating: 6/10

The authors present a study focused the differences of blended versus traditional instruction in terms of student performance. The study evaluates 53 undergraduate students enrolled in a "Physical Education in Early Childhood" course. Twenty-nine students were placed in a traditional course and 24 students were placed in a blended "experimental" group. The researchers concluded that "students who attended the course with blended instruction show higher performance."

Rating: 9/10

In this article, the author defines Web 2.0 technology and use for Web 2.0 in higher education. Through a small study of educators, discovery includes advantages, obstacles, and general guidance for implementation of web 2.0 tools. The author supports use of Web 2.0 to supplement learning, not as a substitute for the educator. Technologies must be implemented strategically and purposefully. 7/10

The author provides a comprehensive overview of Web 2.0 technologies, their use in online learning recommendations, and considerations for implementation. (7/10)

Trends in Web 2.0 technologies and various networking modalities are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, advantages and barriers in the use of said technologies are discussed. Implementation of social media as a learning tool can be advantageous, however, it must supplement learning, not replace a structured environment. The educator should still remain present in the learning environment. And, he/she should provide appropriate support and training, as well as model, respective online tools to ensure efficacy. 6/10

The author, Cynthia Brame, is the Associate Director of the Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching and holds a Ph.D. in Education. In this article Brame recognizes the importance video has become in online and blended instruction. Brame suggests three things to consider when designing and implementing videos, which include cognitive load, non-cognitive elements that impact engagement, and features that promote active learning.

Rating: 7/10

(Available in text or audio.) This article provides basic principles (agenda, duration) and technologies (gamification, discussion boards) and activities to keep employees engaged in online learning. While this provides strategy, it does not provide implementation guidance within the corporate environment. (2/10)

The author, Kendra Grant, is the Director of Professional Development and Learning for Quillsoft in Toronto Canada. Grant helps business succeed in education design and support. In this article Grant discusses how quickly the learning environment has changed through technological development. Grant explores the RAT Model, which guides instructors in the "use of technology to help transform instructional practice." Grant then examines the Community of Inquiry model, which seeks to create meaningful instruction through social, cognitive and teaching presence. Grant concludes by providing general principles for creating a positive video presence.

Rating: 8/10

This article compiles research into educational videos with respect to SDL (although SDL is never mentioned directly). The authors discuss the impact of educational videos, student engagement, the role of critical thinking and knowledge development, and effective design and presentation.

Rating: 8/10

Article presents strategies for adoption in virtual learning environments to improve aspects of instructor presence and immediacy. Central to the discussion are perceptions of engagement and relatability, which play an integral role in shaping learners' cognitive and affective filters. Rating 7/10

Through a literature review of 50 articles published between 2003-2014, the authors explored aspects of online learning (teacher presence, teacher immediacy) that impact learner interest and motivation in the online environment. Recognizing that these aspects are key, the authors explore various approaches to retention the virtual setting. The multifaceted role of the instructor is reviewed as well as virtual facilitation strategies. The literature search revealed a positive correlation between teaching presence, teaching immediacy, and learner engagement and motivation. 6/10

Melanie Hibbert, the Director of Instructional Media & Technology and Media Center at Barnard College in New York City, writes about what is necessary for good online instructional videos. Hibbert discusses media at Columbia University, methods for creating videos, an what analytics tell us. She concludes by describing the importance of instructor presence more so than the production quality of videos.

Rating: 9/10

Meeter, M., Bele, T., Hartogh, C. d., Bakker, T., de Vries, R. E., & Plak, S. (2020, October 11). College students’ motivation and study results after COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kn6v9

This article was published by the Community College Research Center Teacher's College at Columbia University in New York City. The article examines what an effective online instructor looks like. The authors discuss how research indicates online instructors "make minimal use of interactive technologies." They then outline how instructors can use lectures, homework assignments, discussion boards, chat sessions, and lab activities in an interactive online course.

Rating: 8/10

The author, Anthony Bates, holds a BA in Psychology and a Ph.D. in Educational Administration. He holds over 40 years of teaching experience. In this chapter he proposes online learning is a mode of delivery versus a teaching method. In this chapter Bates compares teaching delivery methods, defines which mode students need, and weighs in on the choice between face-to-face and online teaching.

Rating: 10/10

Article critiques the "big sell" of MOOCs claiming that MOOCs are an oversell in terms of access and change in educational practice. Author explores these assertions though the lens of andragogy, ultimately finding that while there is potential in MOOCs, these environments are not being utilized to their greatest potential. Rating 8/10

Article explores learners' perspectives about their motivation and success in a four-week MOOC. Author states that while much attention has been given to the study of MOOCs very little of that research has leveraged participants interpretations of their personal experiences. This article delivers information about MOOC learners' motivations and goals for participation in a MOOC. Article interprets these factors from the perspective of SDL and self-determination frameworks. Rating 7/10

Scherer, L. D., & Pennycook, G. (2020). Who Is Susceptible to Online Health Misinformation? American Journal of Public Health, 110(S3), S276–S277. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305908

In this chapter, the author defines problem based learning (PBL) and highlights the benefits to the learner. In addition to incorporating technology to enhance learning, the article reinforces the need to foster the softer skills that may be developed as a result of PBL (teamwork, accountability, problem-solving, creative thinking, risk-taking, communication skills, and critical thinking skills). Though the data is limited, and there are inherent challenges, PBL is of value in course design. (8/10)

I can't help but note that within the IndieWeb community, they're using a combination of online chat and wiki tools which to a great extent are a larger ongoing conversation. The conversation continues on a daily (almost hourly) basis and the substantive portions of that conversation are captured within the wiki for future reference. Interestingly, an internal chat bot, known as Loqi, allows one to actively make changes to the wiki from within the chat. In some sense, within this community there could be an analogy to which came first the chicken or the egg, but replacing those with conversation and annotation.

I'm glad you had at least a little bit of this. The system I saw used for third graders left almost zero space for inter-student interaction or socialization which was a miserable experience.

I felt like exactly this myself!

The author reviews assumptions of the adult learner and adult learning theory. In discussion of adult learning theories (self-directed learning, experiential learning, transformational learning), the article investigates their use in online learning. Furthermore, the author provides online course development recommendations for the adult learner. A brief critique of andragogic principles is provided. Adult learning principles used in a live environment are of benefit and necessary in the virtual environment. Click "Full Text" to read article. 7/10

This kind of relational motivation seems like a good first step. I wonder though if "not to disappoint you" still centers the instructor and not the learners? The idea of a "partnership" between instructors and students strikes me as closer to the ideal that empathy aims for.

This is so true. Knowing that the pandemic has forced us to take online schooling, it doesn't change the fact that we still can learn the same as we were in regular school.

IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. ‘COVID-19 and the Labor Market’. Accessed 6 October 2020. https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13644/.

Yuan, Yuan, Muzhi Guan, Zhilun Zhou, Sundong Kim, Meeyoung Cha, and Yong Li. ‘Disruption in the Chinese E-Commerce During COVID-19:A Case Study of the Beidian Platform’. ArXiv:2009.14605 [Physics], 22 July 2020. http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.14605.

Gurung, R. A. R., & Stone, A. (2020, September 14). You Can’t Always Get What You Want and It Hurts: Learning During the Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wqdx8

SciBeh 2020 Workshop on “Building an online information environment for policy relevant science.” (2020, September 23). SciBeh. https://scibeh.org/events/workshop2020/

Online Research: From Funding to Data Collection. (n.d.). Association for Psychological Science - APS. Retrieved September 25, 2020, from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/online-research.html

mirrors strongly another comment i made, that our appetites & expectations for computing has outstripped the personal, that we now expect computing to be connective. we want the digital matter we create to exist not just locally, but widely. https://hypothes.is/a/11-k1v7pEeqJ1qdf5kJahQ

The end seems perilously close at hand for personal computing, but, imo, as much as anything that is because users now expect to compute to have impact & effect far beyond the beige box.

Open source has many amazing things, but in terms of ways to get user's digital stuff online & available & circulating, there have been precious few compelling attempts. I'd call out in particular RemoteStorage spec, & the newer SOLID specs from MIT & TBL.

Obradovich, N., Özak, Ö., Martín, I., Ortuño-Ortín, I., Awad, E., Cebrián, M., Cuevas, R., Desmet, K., Rahwan, I., & Cuevas, Á. (2020). Expanding the measurement of culture with a sample of two billion humans [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/qkf42

I think that a major part of conversation is those gestures and proximity. With or without a disability this is difficult to express when online.

It's important to recognize that not everyone has come from the same backgrounds or situations. Whether it's a name or sharing a personal story, or even turning on the camera, some students use school as an escape from their home lives, and I think it's important not to pressure students into feeling like their grade is at risk because of their home situations.

Berg, N., & Berg, N. (2020, September 11). The rise of ‘dark stores’—And how they could save struggling retail. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90549066/the-rise-of-dark-stores-and-how-they-could-save-struggling-retail

Online Graduation Application

Eligibility: You may apply to graduate as soon as you have

McArdle, Elaine, September 1, and 2020. ‘Making Lemonade from Lemons’. Harvard Law Today. Accessed 7 September 2020. https://today.law.harvard.edu/making-lemonade-from-lemons/.

r/BehSciResearch - From social licencing of contact tracing to political accountability: Input sought on next wave of representative surveys in Germany, Spain, and U.K. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved June 18, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/hbaj58/from_social_licencing_of_contact_tracing_to/

Ahmed, O., Ahmed, Z., Aibao, Z., Mia, S., & Khan, A. U. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic and Initial Psychological Responses by Bangladeshi People [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/4nj6u

Liu, Y., Finch, B. K., Brenneke, S. G., Thomas, K., & Le, P. D. (2020). Perceived Discrimination and Mental Distress Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From the Understanding America Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.06.007

Borhany, H., Golbabaei, S., Jameie, M., & Borhani, K. (2020). Moral decision making in healthcare and medical professions during the COVID-19 pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5c769

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Bhatia, S., Walasek, L., Slovic, P., & Kunreuther, H. (2020). The More Who Die, the Less We Care: Evidence from Natural Language Analysis of Online News Articles and Social Media Posts. Risk Analysis, risa.13582. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13582

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Eric Feigl-Ding on Twitter: “Breaking: Los Angeles and San Diego school districts will be remote-only in the fall. California’s 2 largest public school districts said instruction will be remote-only in the fall, citing concerns that surging coronavirus infections pose too dire a risk for students & teachers. https://t.co/E6DTBeb2RF” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 17, 2020, from https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1282741042186518534

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Jittrapirom, P., & Tanaksaranond, G. (2020). An exploratory survey on the perceived risk of COVID-19 and travelling [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/v3g5d

shopping addiction

Technology which is not designed for the user, but to maximize profits: the opposite of what Humane Technology states

the whole point of life

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Hong, Jihoon, Ikjae Jung, Mingeol Park, Kyumin Kim, Sungook Yeo, Joohee Lee, Yujin Hong, Jangho Park, and Seockhoon Chung. ‘The Attitudes of Medical Students for Their Roles and Social Accountability in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 19 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/478ef.

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Breakout Groups and Discussions using Collaborative Documents

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Akesson, J., Ashworth-Hayes, S., Hahn, R., Metcalfe, R. D., & Rasooly, I. (2020). Fatalism, Beliefs, and Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Working Paper No. 27245; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27245

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MyData vs. COVID-19 calls (2020, June 5) - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpRS19STpXSWs4kTiVEx2KN5CZh6yCYI